Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Experimentación práctica de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la lavadora de autos Octopus ubicada en la av Manuelita Sáenz del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Villacis Villacis, Edwin Belisario; Pinto Almeida, Carlos Damián; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present experimental work executes the construction of a wastewater treatment plant, inside “OCTOPUS” car wash located in Manuelita Saenz Avenue. In order to validate the design of the treatment plant, the verification of the flow of the washing machine was carried out, once it has determined that the existing flow is similar to the design flow the construction process started, it was executed in 10 working days. The wastewater treatment phases in operation are: screening, sedimentation, grease trap, grease storage and an unconventional phase which comprises a 3-stage filter, each stage has a different filter material: peat bed, volcanic pyroclast and activated carbon, materials that were selected based on past thesis works and were the most efficient among a group of several filter materials. The operation of this treatment plant will be evaluated through 4 chemical tests to the water, which are: DBO5, DQO, Suspended solids, Oils and fats. The tests are taken with samples taken both at the entrance (influencer) of the PTAR and at the exit of it (effluent). The results obtained in the wastewater treatment plant have an accuracy of 83%, the oils and fats parameter meet the limits established by the TULSMA.Item Experimentación práctica de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la lavadora de autos Octopus ubicada en la av Manuelita Sáenz del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Pinto Almeida, Carlos Damián; Villacis Villacis, Edwin Belisario; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present experimental work executes the construction of a wastewater treatment plant, inside “OCTOPUS” car wash located in Manuelita Saenz Avenue. In order to validate the design of the treatment plant, the verification of the flow of the washing machine was carried out, once it has determined that the existing flow is similar to the design flow the construction process started, it was executed in 10 working days. The wastewater treatment phases in operation are: screening, sedimentation, grease trap, grease storage and an unconventional phase which comprises a 3-stage filter, each stage has a different filter material: peat bed, volcanic pyroclast and activated carbon, materials that were selected based on past thesis works and were the most efficient among a group of several filter materials. The operation of this treatment plant will be evaluated through 4 chemical tests to the water, which are: DBO5, DQO, Suspended solids, Oils and fats. The tests are taken with samples taken both at the entrance (influencer) of the PTAR and at the exit of it (effluent). The results obtained in the wastewater treatment plant have an accuracy of 83%, the oils and fats parameter meet the limits established by the TULSMA.Item Diseño y construcción de un filtro separador de grasas y eliminador de impurezas para la lavadora comercial de Autos Lubricar con una capacidad máxima de 15 metros cúbicos mensuales en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Ambato en el período 2018-2019(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Galarza Pérez, Alberto Javier; Escobar Luna, Luis EduardoThe present technical project is based on the calculation of the dimensions of the grease trap according to the water consumption registered by the Lubricar car washer meter, establishing the dimensioning of the inlet pipes to the trap and the outlet, for ensure a constant flow avoiding overflows and ensuring the proper functioning of the filter. The volume of consumption of the washing machine was determined by the exclusive water meter that has only to wash vehicles, with a monthly consumption of 15 cubic meters, because they have pumps that minimize the consumption of water to wash vehicles. For the sizing of the grease trap the formulas of the Standard are used: OPS / CEPIS. 2003 and Norma RAS., 2000. Title E.4.3., Pág. 28, where these base the measurements of length, width and height depending on your registered consumption. The dimensions of the containers for the filtering materials were based on the hydraulic delay necessary for each material to act. Peat, volcanic stone and activated carbon were chosen as filter elements, using the width of the grease trap the length of the container was calculated. The pipes used in the grease trap are drain pipes, since there is no pressure inside them. Therefore, only the gravity and height difference between the water inlet and outlet pipes are used, in order to circulate, filter and discharge to the sewer system.Item Estudio y diseño del alcantarillado sanitario con planta de tratamiento para las aguas residuales de la parroquia Fátima, cantón y provincia de Pastaza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Inlasaca Padilla, Cristian Geovanny; Paredes Sandoval, Víctor HugoFor the elaboration of this project, we began collecting statistical data that were provided by the Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de la Parroquia Rural de Fátima Fatima where the number of beneficiary inhabitants that currently exist can be identified. After this, the topographic survey of the area was made of the project through precision equipment, in this case, the total station with its respective topographer. With the data obtained in the topographic survey the pipeline was drawn, the pipe diameter to be used in the present project could be determined, the minimum and maximum slopes, minimum and maximum speeds and the tractive tension, for To obtain these results in a faster and more accurate way, free H.Canales software was used, which allowed us to know the pressures, heights, wet radius, drafts and flows that circulate through each section and a sanitary sewer system was achieved. Finally, an Environmental Impact Analysis was carried out, as well as a plan to reduce its effect, its respective analysis of unit prices and a valued work schedule that will show the construction stages of the project over time.Item Diseño de una planta de depuración de aguas residuales de lavadoras de carros en el cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Acosta Medina, Iván Andrés; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe purpose of this work is to design a system to improve the conditions of wastewater from car washers in Ambato City. There is currently a cadastre of 61 establishments dedicated to the washing and lubrication of cars for which a field and experimental research of 10 washing machines is carried out to determine the volume of entry and exit (generated in the washing process), of three types of vehicles (cars, trucks, 4 * 4); a design flow rate of 3 l / min was obtained. Wastewater from car washers was analyzed in the laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, and the result is that the contaminated effluents exceed the maximum permissible limits of the Unified Text of the Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment (TULSMA), with the exception of settleable solids, with average values of 864 mg / l for COD, 432 mg / l for BOD5, 1533.34 mg / l for oils and grease, 2355.56 mg / l for total solids. Through bibliographic research, it was determined that the treatment processes with the most efficient in reducing contamination, are the implementation of screening or grids, primary sedimentation, grease trap and filtration. The filtering materials were chosen according to theses made by students of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, with the best conditions for filtering, peat, volcanic pyroclastic and activated carbon were used as optimal materials. The construction of the treatment system in simple concrete and masonry is proposed with a cost of 2578.88 US dollars.Item Determinación de procesos de tratamiento de efluentes de lavadoras de carros en el cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Castro Mejía, Christian Santiago; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe following research study is aimed at determining the processes that allow the improvement in the residual waters coming from the car washing machines of Ambato, province of Tungurahua. Thus, a field and experimental investigation is carried out that allowed to know the current state that present the washing machines that work in the city. The flow rates of 10 washing machines under study were determined as well as and the volume they occupy in the washing of three types of cars (cars, trucks, 4x4) From the field study of the ten washing machines, the volumes used in the washing of the three types of study for the determination of flow rates were obtained. The average output flow was 6.98 L / min, the average volume of water used in the car wash, truck and 4x4 is 88.52 L, 122.49 L and 113.90 L respectively. The physico - chemical parameters of the waste water coming from the washing of cars were analyzed in the laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, obtaining results that exceed the maximum permissible limits of the TULSMA except for the sedimentable solids. Through an analysis of studies reported in the literature, it was determined that the efficient wastewater treatment processes from car washers are the implementation of screening, sedimentation, aeration, moringa seeds, secondary sedimentation, duckweed and filtration. For the selection of the appropriate filtering material, the thesis data made by students of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato is taken, being the gravel and activated carbon the optimal materials.Item Análisis de la piedra pómez como material biodegradable y filtrante en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales provenientes de la Curtiduría Artesanal Palahua, ubicado en la parroquia Totoras, del cantón Ambato y de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Siza Altashig, Cristian Vinicio; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánIn order to analyze the behavior of a biodegradable material in a laboratory scale prototype bio-filter, wastewater produced in a tannery was treated with pumice, this material was used as a filtering medium, in order to reduce pollution levels of the effluents generated in this type of industries; besides taking advantage of the physical and chemical characteristics of this porous material; and the affinity to absorb dissolved pollutants in wastewater. Water quality parameters such as COD, BOD5, Cr6+ and pH, which were monitored for 15 days; in order to determine the degrees of concentration of contaminants and to know the efficiency of the pumice stone to treat wastewater from tanneries; From the results obtained, it was found that the levels of contamination of the liquid residues of a tannery are very high, besides it was identified that the biggest contaminant of the leather treatment process is hexavalent chromium, since it is considered a toxic, carcinogenic compound and gene mutant; so it needs special care before being thrown into the environment. The results of the study show that the pumice stone helps to reduce significantly the concentrations of pollutants of COD and BOD5, but with the results obtained it is verified that the water treated with the pumice stone does not reach the maximum limits allowed by environmental regulations in these two parameters. But, on the other hand, the results indicate that the pumice stone is a very promising biodegradable material to decontaminate wastewater containing Cr6+; since, it was demonstrated that this material can reduce the aforementioned contaminated up to 80.77% to the efficiency, as the highest value and up to 25.49% as the lowest value. Although the results obtained were not expected, it was shown that the pumice stone can efficiently treat Cr6+; and for future studies you can use this material and make a combination of biomaterials to obtain more effective results.Item Análisis de la cama de turba como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales provenientes de la lavadora tinturadora de jeans “Dayantex”, ubicada en el cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Pérez Freire, Verónica Lizbeth; Paredes Cabezas, Geovanny AnibalThe present experimental investigation was analyzed the residual water of the DAYANTEX washing and dyeing industry, located in the El Tambo neighborhood of Pelileo canton in Tungurahua province. Based on a field observation during two weeks on the days of productivity, it was determined that Friday is the day of highest production in the DAYANTEX industry, since more pollution was generated on that day, and an inflow of 6.6 l / sec and an output flow rate of 5.6 lt / sec with these data, it was based on analyzes that were carried out on Fridays in which physical and chemical parameters were analyzed, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and color with the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of the peat in the treatment of wastewater from the washing and dyeing industry of jeans with an experimentation time of 30 days. The filtration by peat in the residual water of the washing and dyeing industry of jeans in the realized studies is determined an efficiency of 21.2% in the removal of the parameter COD, for the decrease of biochemical demand of oxygen it has an efficiency of 21.19% and in the color with an efficiency of 47.43% during the 30 days of analysis arriving as conclusion that the peat at 14 days has better filtration with an efficiency of 48.73% in the removal of COD, in the decrease of the DBO5 is 48.79% and in the color parameter it has an efficiency of 55.47%. Determining that the peat works as filtering material helping to remove the pollution generated by the industry of washing and dyeing jeansItem Análisis de la cascarilla de arroz utilizada como material para filtros de tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la lavadora de jeans “Multiprocesos Gallegos”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Ortiz Cornejo, Enrique Sebastian; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánIn the present experimental project, a rice husk filter prototype is being developed for the treatment of wastewater from the "Multiprocesos Gallegos" jeans washing company, located in Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province. The process of sample collection is addressed to be analyzed; raw water is considered to be taken before the filtration process and filtered after the filtration process. The duration and operation of the filter was three weeks, taking two samples each week during the days of highest production. The chemical parameters considered for the analysis were BOD5, COD and color. The collected samples were analyzed in the Lacquanalisis certified laboratory located in Canton Ambato, province of Tungurahua. To have more accurate results, the samples were taken on the same time and transported in a coolant to the laboratory. In the same way, taking raw and filtered samples gives a real appreciation of the results obtained. The results obtained during the three weeks reflect the behavior of the filter and its effectiveness against the parameters evaluated. As a final result it can be evidenced that the filter decreases the values of BOD5, COD and color always considering the Discharge Limits to the Public Sewer System.Item Análisis de la cascarilla de arroz utilizada como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de lavadoras y lubricadoras de autos “Polito´s” ubicada en el cantón Tisaleo de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Sánchez Sailema, Andrés Santiago; Acosta Lozada, Rodrigo IvánThe Experimental Work consists in the analysis of the effectiveness of a filter made from rice husk, for the reduction of the concentration levels of the environmental parameters Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and Oils and Fats, in the residual water from the "Polito's" Car Washer and Lubricator in Tisaleo canton, province of Tungurahua. For this purpose, the filtration system was built, consisting of a storage tank, a pipe for the water conduction by gravity and a square plastic container with some rice husk. After running the tests for 91 days, the concentrations of the parameters were measured 9 times, the first measurement was made directly from the effluent and the remaining 8 once the residual water was filtered. Based on the measurements made, it is determined that the concentration levels without a filter exceed the maximum admissible limits according to the Ecuadorian environmental standards established in the Texto Unificado de la Legislación Secundaria del Ministerio del Ambiente (TULSMA), which are 70 mg/l for oils and fats, 250 mg/l for BOD5, and 500 mg/l for COD. Meanwhile, after the filtering process, the concentration values were reduced below that established by the TULSMA in the case of BOD5 and COD, but not for oils and fats, whose concentration values were reduced but still exceeded maximum admissible limits. Consequently, it is established that the filter based on rice husk is effective to reduce the concentration levels in car washers and lubricators, although in the case of oils and fats it is necessary to carry out a subsequent filtering process.