Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de soldabilidad del acero HSLA ASTM A1011 GR 50 y su incidencia en la fabricación de carrocerías metálicas para buses(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Poveda Almeida, Welligton Vladimir; Yunapanta Velastegui, José LuisThis investigation carried out, based on the large number of companies that manufacture metal buses bodies, which exist in Ecuador, use welding as the main process, these performed the weldability analysis between the ASTM A500 Gr C steel and the HSLA ASTM A1011 Gr 50, to investigate their weldment behaviour of a section of the body structure, in which the type of joint, parameters and welding processes to be used were analyzed. In addition, his work was based in a bibliographic way, where several documents were found with which it was possible to base this research in a profound way, at the same time, chemical, mechanical and physical tests were carried out with the cooperation of the company VARMA S.A., with the laboratories of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, the laboratories of the Salesian Polytechnic University and the Center for the Development of Carrocero Metallechanical Productivity, as well as every invaluable technical staff and human talent from each area, to determine the properties of each material by carrying out tests such as: penetrating liquids, metallography, hardness, tensile strength and impact, to finally compare the results and identify the incidence of each one on the manufacture of bodies. Finally, some mechanical properties of HSLA ASTM A1011 Gr 50 steel were obtained, which outperformed ASTM A500 Gr C steel, thus concluding that these results contribute to both business and country development.Item Análisis de la sustitución del material acero A36 por el material Q 235B en la construcción del sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Amancha Torres, Israel Jacinto; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present research “The analysis of steel A36 substitution instead of Q235B material for the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province.”, is primarily aimed at comparing the Q235B material with A36 steel. Moreover, the obtained data, is the perfect sample to analyze the variable which supports the comparison between both materials, verifying that the results for the substitution bear out firmly all the characteristics of the proposal for this Project, the data obtained from the tests provided belong to the Consorcio Alao company having the authorization of the data, in addition tests were carried out in the Center of Productive Metalmechanical Development Carrocero. The information collected on the destructive and non-destructive testing methods helped us to analyze the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of this steel. In this way, each of the characteristics of this material is determined to be used in the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province. At the end of the project, the characterization of the analyzed steels and their replacement for the construction of the Drinking Water System of Riobamba city in Chimborazo province is presented, through the SMAW welding process under the criteria of acceptance and rejection of API standards 1104 and ASME IX, using electrodes E6010 and E7018 ones as input material, with a type of butt joint and 6G welding position because the pipe to be welded is static without being able to change Welding position, material Q235B presents good mechanical properties and its welding bead does not present many defects.Item Determinación del peligro sísmico determinista para las estructuras del sector Pishilata ubicado entre las calles Troncal de la Sierra, Real Audiencia de Quito, Horacio e Hipócrates de la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Sevilla Samaniego, Jairo Alejandro; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonThe purpose of this research project is to calculate the period of vibration of three type structures located in the study area, also to obtain a deterministic spectrum for this sector expressed as the acceleration of gravity Sa (g), to compare it with the response spectrum of the NEC 2015. For this process, the following steps were carried out: Identify the tectonic regime in the study area, select the seismic sources (geological faults) with the longest length and the closest ones capable of producing a significant movement that affect the study site, such as Ambato, Huachi, Totoras, Samanga and Subduction failure fail. By means of the standard penetration test (SPT) the average speed of the shear wave Vs30 approximate for the type of profile was calculated using an empirical correlation between the uncorrected standard penetration resistance (N) and the shear wave velocity (Vs). The magnitude of momentum for each selected fault was calculated, based on the Wells-Coppersmith methodology, using parameters such as the distance to the epicenter, hypocenter and focal depth. Through the Soil Movement Prediction Equations (GMPEs) you get acceleration spectra and through an envelope of all spectra of maximum acceleration the deterministic spectrum is achieved, which is compared with the response spectrum of the NEC 2015. The accelerations given by the deterministic spectrum for buildings that have structural periods between 0.10s to 0.60s are greater than the spectrum of the NEC 2015, which means that structures with 1 to 5 floors have a higher degree of risk.Item Estudio de peligro sísmico determinista para las estructuras del cantón Ambato – sector Huachi Loreto - barrio El Buen Pastor(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Rodríguez Sisalema, José Luis; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe present research work starts from the tectonic recognition capable of producing a movement of the terrain affecting the study area, for which information from studies carried out by the NeoTec was used. The soil analysis was carried out by means of the SPT test which was applied in 5 points, 4 perimetral and 1 central, thanks to this it was possible to determine the type of existing soil with which the Vs30 wave velocity was calculated. With this information, the characteristics of each fault were analyzed, including the type of fault, its seismic activity and the distance closest to the projection on the fault surface was calculated, all these parameters together with other criteria were essential to select the most dangerous potential failures. Subsequently, all these particularities were used in the Attenuation Equations, chosen according to the tectonic regime of Ecuador. Finally, it was possible to obtain a specific spectrum of maximum accelerations for the study sector, which proceeded to compare the specific Spectrum with the NEC Spectrum presented by the Ecuadorian construction regulations. The result of this comparison presented a critical interval in which the Specific Spectrum exceeded the acceleration values of the NEC Spectrum. Finally, the comparison is also presented with the results of a static and dynamic linear analysis in the structural behavior of three representative buildings of the sector, each with different geometric characteristics.Item Diseño y construcción de un molino de bolas planetario para el Laboratorio de Materiales de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Maldonado Bernabé, Christian Patricio; Amores Balseca, Edwin Gustavo; López Villacís, Gonzalo EduardoThis technical project was carried out due to the importance of implementing a planetary ball mill for the crushing of fine powders and at the same time obtaining steel chip spraying for the materials laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato The project is oriented in the design, construction, and functional tests that at the same time is composed of a two-phase motor, pulleys and a variable speed drive among other devices, for this, different types of mills were investigated. In the theoretical and analytical, the selection of a two-phase motor was made according to the needs of the planetary ball mill, the main elements were designed such as the structure which will support the transmission system and other components. In addition, the axes have the function of generating the planetary movement by means of pulleys. A fundamental aspect is the size, weight and noise with which the machine was designed. The main parts of the mill are: variator, motor, shafts, vessels, pulleys, timer and transmission bands, etc. The project was designed with the intention of using it for powder metallurgy applications, in which fine steel powders will be obtained in a range of 45 to 250 microns. In addition, it will facilitate research carried out by students, teachers and thus create new mechanical alloys. Finally, the machine was built with materials that are resistant to corrosion, are available in the market and have an affordable cost for their respective construction.Item Diseño de una prótesis ergonómica para el uso de una persona con discapacidad en su extremidad inferior(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Vaca Lara, Alex Orlando; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneA feasibility analysis of three alternatives is carried out for the development of the prosthesis with different mechanisms, based on the weighted criteria of low cost, functionality and reliability, ease of manufacturing and assembly, technological innovation and ergonomics. It was made a measurement of the anthropometric dimensions of a sample of 360 adult male people to determine the body measurements that should be considered in the design of the prosthesis for the dimensioning of the elements. From the weighting of the criteria, it is established that cost, functionality and reliability have a greater weight. Under considerations exposed, alternative 1 was selected consisting of a prosthesis with hydraulic drive, which has three main components such as a socket, a leg with a hydraulic cylinder inside and a template that meets the function of the human foot. The materials considered are for the case of the carbon fiber socket, the PP Polypropylene leg and the POM polymer acetal template. The construction of the leg and the template is done through a molding process complemented by a finish by polishing and painting. By checking the stress resistance of Von Mises or Distortion Energy, it is determined that the maximum tension is 44.85 MPa, with a design safety factor of 3.8, which is higher than the required minimum of 2.5.Item Experimentación práctica de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la lavadora de autos Octopus ubicada en la av Manuelita Sáenz del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Villacis Villacis, Edwin Belisario; Pinto Almeida, Carlos Damián; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present experimental work executes the construction of a wastewater treatment plant, inside “OCTOPUS” car wash located in Manuelita Saenz Avenue. In order to validate the design of the treatment plant, the verification of the flow of the washing machine was carried out, once it has determined that the existing flow is similar to the design flow the construction process started, it was executed in 10 working days. The wastewater treatment phases in operation are: screening, sedimentation, grease trap, grease storage and an unconventional phase which comprises a 3-stage filter, each stage has a different filter material: peat bed, volcanic pyroclast and activated carbon, materials that were selected based on past thesis works and were the most efficient among a group of several filter materials. The operation of this treatment plant will be evaluated through 4 chemical tests to the water, which are: DBO5, DQO, Suspended solids, Oils and fats. The tests are taken with samples taken both at the entrance (influencer) of the PTAR and at the exit of it (effluent). The results obtained in the wastewater treatment plant have an accuracy of 83%, the oils and fats parameter meet the limits established by the TULSMA.Item Experimentación práctica de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la lavadora de autos Octopus ubicada en la av Manuelita Sáenz del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Pinto Almeida, Carlos Damián; Villacis Villacis, Edwin Belisario; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present experimental work executes the construction of a wastewater treatment plant, inside “OCTOPUS” car wash located in Manuelita Saenz Avenue. In order to validate the design of the treatment plant, the verification of the flow of the washing machine was carried out, once it has determined that the existing flow is similar to the design flow the construction process started, it was executed in 10 working days. The wastewater treatment phases in operation are: screening, sedimentation, grease trap, grease storage and an unconventional phase which comprises a 3-stage filter, each stage has a different filter material: peat bed, volcanic pyroclast and activated carbon, materials that were selected based on past thesis works and were the most efficient among a group of several filter materials. The operation of this treatment plant will be evaluated through 4 chemical tests to the water, which are: DBO5, DQO, Suspended solids, Oils and fats. The tests are taken with samples taken both at the entrance (influencer) of the PTAR and at the exit of it (effluent). The results obtained in the wastewater treatment plant have an accuracy of 83%, the oils and fats parameter meet the limits established by the TULSMA.Item Determinación de una constante para el cálculo del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón con agregados de las minas GADMFO: La Conde, Guayusa y Punino 2, del cantón Francisco de Orellana, provincia de Orellana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Manosalvas Ramos, Jefferson Ismael; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoThe study began with the sampling of the aggregates of the three mines, under the INEN 695 standard and its subsequent reduction to test size according to INEN 2566; The characterization tests of the aggregates were then carried out to establish their suitability to be used in the concrete indicated in INEN 872; In addition to obtaining the real density of the INEN 156 cement. Based on the above, mixtures for compressive strengths of concrete of 21 and 24 Mpa were carried out, using the optimum density method. For the final dosages, a total of 168 cylindrical specimens according to INEN 3124 were performed, with the corresponding tests in the fresh state such as: INEN 1763 sampling, INEN 1578 settlement, density, performance and air content INEN 1579; as well as in a hardened state obtaining the compressive strengths INEN 1573 at ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, allowing to graph the age curves vs. resistance to compression and stress vs deformation of the concrete, finally the determination of the modulus of static elasticity (MEE) was performed in a total of 72 specimens following the regulations of ASTM C469. Based on this, the following constants are proposed for your local application depending on the origin of the material and equation used, thus having the values of 0.0408, 0.0356, 0.0445 and 0.0439 for the mines of Guayusa shaken, crushed, La Conde and Punino respectively for replacement in the equation (15) the value of 0.043 and the values of 4850, 4140, 5275 and 5190 in the same way in the equation (16) both in MPa.Item Diseño geométrico de la alternativa vial Shuyo – Pinllopata en el tramo km 0 + 000 – 4 + 000 perteneciente a los cantones Pujilí y Pangua de la provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Jerez bunces, Fernando Javier; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoThe present technical project of beginning with the topographic survey, made with the total station, to determine the type of surface of the land in order to relate to the regulations and proceed with the layout. For the determination of vehicular volume, a method of manual counting was chosen during the 7 days of the week that took place from Monday, June 3, 2019 to Sunday, June 9, 2019 with a duration of 12 hours a day. The data obtained served to determine the Average Daily Traffic (TPDA) proceeding with the methods of the equivalent vehicle and the thirty hour. With the data obtained in the field, we proceeded with the geometric design of the road in a horizontal, vertical and transversal direction, taking into account the criteria and design standards in force in the Ecuadorian state. Once the geometric design was developed, we proceeded to obtain the mass volumes by means of the vertical design of the road, to later elaborate the referential budget of the section of the road under study. The aforementioned procedures are tabulated for easy interpretation and the geometric design is elaborated in properly georeferenced plans.