Ciencias de la Salud
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Item ALFABETIZACIÓN EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA EN SALUD. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(2025-06-19) Cedeño Toapanta, Cindy Belen; Herrera López, José Luis; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Health literacy refers to "the social and cognitive skills that determine the ability of health personnel to access, understand and use information in a way that allows them to involve patients in their own care in order to develop skills that foster self-care behaviors for the control of their health, greater ability to follow their treatments and interpret alarm signs and symptoms, and thus be able to prevent risk factors. Objective: To analyze literacy in primary health care, based on a systematic review. Materials and methods: A research document was used under the systematic review modality, compiling information from databases: Google Scholar, Pudmed, SciELO, using descriptors such as: "literacy in nursing", "literacy in primary health care". In Spanish, English and Portuguese between 2020 and 2024. Results: Literacy in primary care should be further promoted to promote care, prevent diseases and motivate the population to fulfill their obligations with the aim of maintaining their health status in good conditions. Conclusions: It has been evidenced that having the ability to become literate has an impact on people and also on the community due to the fact that personal empowerment is acquired, this is not only a challenge for the patient but also for the health staff especially the nursing staff since they are in charge of accompanying and explaining the patient at all times.Item IMPACTO DE LA DIETA MEDITERRÁNEA EN LA LONGEVIDAD: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-06-18) Salguero Pérez, Carmen del Pilar; Bustillos Ortiz, Diana Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe present study aims to evaluate the impact of the Mediterranean diet on the longevity of individuals over 65 years of age. Through a literature review, studies published between 2018 and 2023 in English and Spanish were analyzed. The search included academic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scielo, and Science Direct, among others. The selected articles explored the direct relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its benefits for longevity. The results show that the Mediterranean diet, characterized by high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains, olive oil, and fish, is associated with healthy aging. The benefits of thisdietary pattern include reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic conditions that affect quality of life in older adults. Furthermore, the cultural context of the Mediterranean diet is highlighted, where sharing meals in a social environment contributes to emotional and mental well-being, promoting a better quality of life and increased longevity.In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet represents a sustainable and health-promoting dietary pattern that not only provides essential nutrients and antioxidant properties but also fosters overall wellbeing and satisfactory aging. These findings support the promotion of the Mediterranean diet as an effective model for improving life expectancy and quality of life among the elderly population.Item ESTRATEGIA EDUCATIVA SOBRE EL RIESGO PRECONCEPCIONAL EN POBLACIÓN FEMENINA EN EDAD FÉRTIL. ECUADOR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Ortega Liquinchano, Dayelli Elizabeth; Macías Ferreiro, KarinaThe Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) is affected by various risk factors across its different stages. Preventing these risks during the reproductive process is crucial for achieving good reproductive health development. Methods for preventing reproductive risk must begin before conception. This study aims to contribute to this goal by implementing an educational intervention on preconception risk to increase the level of knowledge and risk perception in fertile-aged women in the Parish of San Andrés, Píllaro Canton. A longitudinal-prospective, descriptive, quasi-experimental, participatory action study (educational intervention) was conducted on preconception risk (PRC) in fertile-aged women. The technique used was a survey, and the instrument was a questionnaire. The study sample showed that in relation to biological risks, extreme ages were the most prevalent, with adolescence being the most incident (15 years old or younger, 37.8%, and women over 45 years old, 35.1%). In terms of sociocultural risks, low educational level was prevalent (56.7%), as well as multiparity (33.7%) and low birth weight (27%). The participants' knowledge improved satisfactorily, indicating the effectiveness of the educational intervention. The most important results are achieved bydefining the types of risk, concepts, and actions to takeItem NEOPLASIAS EXTRAMEDULARES COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO EN LA COMPRESIÓN MEDULAR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Tenorio Mogro, Soraya Lisseth; Jurado Melo, Cristina VerónicaIntroduction. Extramedullary neoplasia in spinal cord compression refers to the presence of tumors or lesions that are located outside the spinal cord and that cause compression in it. Objective. Investigate the incidence and prevalence of neoplasms that cause spinal cord compression, identifying the types of tumors most associated with this condition, as well as evaluate the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments available for these neoplasms. Methodology. Documentary-bibliographic design, exploratory, explanatory, and qualitative modality. Results. It turned out that extramedullary neoplasms that cause spinal compression include meningioma, which are slow-growing benign tumors that develop in the spinal canal; neurofibromas that develop from the cells surrounding the nerves; Schwannomas are histological tumors in the spinal cord. Among the predominant symptoms are pain, weakness in the arms, changes in vision, headache, memory loss, loss of smell, seizures, and language difficulty. Conclusion. Extramedullary neoplasia can have a significant impact on the patient's health. The severity of the symptoms and the prognosis depend on the type of neoplasm, its location, and the degree of spinal compression it causes, thus having the impact of compression of the spinal cord, intense pain in the area, paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, and finally neurological alterations.Item ACTITUD PREVENTIVA SOBRE DIABETES MELLITUS Y ESTILO DE VIDA EN EL PERSONAL OBRERO Y ADMINISTRATIVO DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD ECUATORIANA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-28) Enríquez Sisalema, Daniela Alexandra; Arráiz de Fernández, CarolinaIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. Lifestyles encompass a set of behaviors and attitudes that impact the health of individuals. Objective: Determine the association between the attitudes of adults towards the prevention of diabetes mellitus and the lifestyle of the workers and administrative staff of an Ecuadorian University. Methodogy: Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational study, with a sample of 36 individuals (workers and administrators) who work at the Faculty of Health Sciences. Two instruments were used: “Adult Attitudes towards the prevention of type II diabetes”, reliability 0.985 and “Lifestyle”, reliability 0.993. Results: There is a low assessment in all dimensions of Adult Attitudes towards the prevention of type II diabetes, with 66.7% in nutrition; 55.6% exercise; 50.0% fluid intake; 63.9% in medical control; 47.1% consumption of harmful substances; 61.1% in sleep and 55.6% in psychosocial. An average rating in Lifestyle with 36.1% food; 61.1% stress; 50.0% interpersonal development; 47.2% self-realization and 41.7% responsibility, with a low rating in relation to the exercise 44.4%. There is an extremely strong and highly significant correlation between the two variables. Conclusion: The attitude of adults towards the prevention of type II diabetes is low, which increases the risk, an adequate nursing intervention prevents type II DM and promotes health.Item Elaboración y contenido nutricional de un alimento nutraceútico a base de tomate y hiervas aromáticas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Ortiz Gavilanes, Josué Ismael; Chávez Velasco, Irlanda de Lourdes DraIntroduction: This thesis focuses on the study of nutraceutical foods made from tomatoes and aromatic herbs, highlighting their potential health benefits and pleasant taste as accompaniments in various dishes. Thesis Objectives: The research investigates the bioactive components present in these nutraceutical foods, evaluates the health benefits associated with consuming lycopene found in tomatoes, and analyzes the synergy of bioactive compounds in aromatic herbs to promote overall health. Experiments Carried out: The experimental approach involved quasi-experimental research using samples of tomatoes and aromatic herbs, along with an organoleptic survey to select the best formulation based on color, odor, taste, texture, and presentation. Results Obtained: The developed prototype is a balanced and appealing option, offering a suitable combination of ingredients that benefit health and are palatable. The selected formulation received positive feedback in terms of acceptability from potential consumers. Conclusions: Nutraceutical foods based on tomatoes and aromatic herbs have significant potential to improve health and prevent diseases, with the right combination of ingredients and preparation resulting in attractive and beneficial products xiv supported by positive consumer acceptance.Item Estrategia de aprendizaje por competencias para la gestión de calidad de laboratorio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12) Medina Astudillo, Auri Jacqueline Lcda; Martínez García Ing. Mg., Diana NancyThe work topic Competency-based Learning Strategy for Laboratory Quality Management, due to the lack of knowledge of second semester clinical laboratory students about this way of learning, the general objective was to develop a competency-based learning strategy for quality management of clinical laboratories, we worked on three specific objectives which were to identify processes and procedures, develop a pedagogical and didactic strategy and establish indicators of effectiveness for learning quality management in the clinical laboratory, we worked on the theoretical framework to analyze the criteria of authors on the subject, The methodology used was the explanatorydescriptive research of transversal cut, we worked with 20 students of second semester of the clinical laboratory career, the results allowed to generate a diagram of clinical laboratory processes, also the diagrams of processes of the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases were made, also the general and specific competences on quality in the clinical laboratory were identified, with these results the proposal titled Didactic strategies with approach by competences for the learning of quality management was elaborated. The main conclusion was, a pedagogical and didactic strategy was designed with a competency-based approach for learning quality management, the pedagogical strategy was the use of ICT, and as a didactic resource the video conference that allows effective communication, the general competence was to perform analytical studies of biological samples, the specific ones were to obtain biological samples, ensure the quality of the analytical process, prepare the sample for analysis and validate the results.Item Diseño de la implementación del área de micología humana en el hospital general docente Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10) Fonseca Zuñiga, Jackeline Elizabeth; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia Bq.F. Mg.The main objective of this research was to design a functional area of human mycology in the Ambato General Teaching Hospital, whose methodology corresponded to a mix (cualitativecuantitative) and transactional study; for data collection, a survey was designed and applied to 101 professionals who work in the hospital, which was previously validated by ten (10) experts; and from its application, the perspective of the respondents regarding the project was determined, as well as the demand for the planned analysis. Obtaining as a result that there is indeed a need to carry out mycological analyzes since there are no mycology laboratories in the area and the approximate demand was recorded in more than 300 analyzes per month and the approval of the project was also validated by more than 90% of the staff professional who works in the institution, who mostly corresponded to workers who have between 11 to 15 years of service, work mainly in outpatient clinics and are medical specialists of the HGDA. For the development of the proposal, the area for the operation of the laboratory was determined and it was categorized as a LAC-2, together the equipment, reagents and materials that must be acquired for the proper functioning of the laboratory and its reference costs were established obtaining a total of 89,746.06 dollars for the project, which includes technical and human resources, thus completing the pertinent technical, administrative, operational and financial proposal to be presented to the institution's authoritiesItem Comportamiento alimentario en internos rotativos de enfermería(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-21) Ramos Cevallos, Darwin Javier; Martínez García, Diana NancyIntroduction: When nursing students begin their rotating internship in different health institutions, they face both a labour market and an academic environment that become an obstacle for them to achieve a healthy diet. Objective: To determine the eating behaviour of rotating nursing interns at Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Method: The study was conducted in a quantitative, cross-sectional approach, with a population of 173 rotating nursing interns, leading to a census sample. A survey called "Eating Behavior Questionnaire" was applied., focusing on food selection, preference, cooking method frequency of consumption, beliefs and barriers to change. Results: Predominant preferences included meat and chicken (61.27%), usually fried (34.68%), which were selected for their taste (40.46%) and price (24.28), due to the fact that more than 50% of the participants reported to eat out 3 to 6 times a week despite their intention to keep a healthy diet and exercise (38.73%). Conclusion: The eating behaviour of rotating nursing interns is generally unhealthy, as they prefer food for its taste and cooking method, however they seem to ignore nutritional value, avoid vegetables. Nevertheless, they state that they wish to improve their eating habits.Item Propuesta para la implementación del área de microbiología en el laboratorio clínico del Centro Clínico Quirúrgico Ambulatorio Hospital del día El Tena, IESS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-07-01) Muñoz Guerrero, Fernanda Estefanía Lcda.; Urbina Salazar Ph. BqF., Anabell Del RocíoThe present investigation was developed with the main objective of proposing the implementation of the microbiology service in the clinical laboratory of the Hospital del Día el Tena Ambulatory Surgical Center. For this purpose, a descriptive and transactional quantitative study was proposed, applying 35 medical professionals from the hospital corresponding to 100%, a questionnaire was prepared that was previously validated by four experts where the needs were identified, collecting the opinion of the doctors regarding to the need to include the microbiology service. In the results it was possible to clearly notice that the doctors express the need to include the microbiology service, as a fundamental part of their work. Specifically, 100% of the sample indicates the need to include the service, being opportune to speed up the diagnostic process, select an adequate treatment, and through this they consider that a significant percentage of patients would benefit from the service. Additionally, 91.4% of the sample reports that they have had difficulties in carrying out their functions associated with the absence of the microbiology service, 97.1% report having had to request external microbiological studies, and 80% consider that the inclusion of this service will allow medical care to be more efficient, relevant and reliable. In this way, it is concluded, together with the theoretical review, that the inclusion of the microbiology service within the clinical laboratory of the El Tena day hospital is necessary. Based on this background, the proposal for a microbiology service adjusted to the characteristics of this hospital, and complying with all the corresponding regulations and requirements, was developed through this research, with the ultimate goal of being evaluated by the relevant authorities and considered include this service among those offered by this institution