Ciencias de la Salud

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    AVANCES EN LAS TÉCNICAS PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE MALARIA CAUSADA POR PLASMODIUM SPP
    (2025-02-25) Coello Troncoso, Lisbeth Mireya; De la Torre Fiallos Ana Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
    This bibliographic review article analyzes advancements in malaria diagnosis, focusing on recent methods applied in endemic regions to detect species of the genus Plasmodium spp. Among the most notable innovations is droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), which enables precise quantification of Plasmodium DNA compared to realtime PCR, although with some limitations in specificity. Additionally, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has proven useful for the rapid diagnosis of P. vivax and P. ovale, while serological approaches like PvSeroTAT are being implemented in Brazil to identify and treat asymptomatic infections, thus reducing transmission. Realtime PCR and techniques such as hexaplex PCRHRM have improved the ability to differentiate species and detect submicroscopic infections. These advancements represent significant steps toward more accurate and faster diagnostics, essential for malaria elimination.
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    TÉCNICAS MOLECULARES APLICADAS AL DIAGNÓSTICO CLÍNICO
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) López Sánchez, Jennifer Tatiana; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabriela Paola
    Molecular biology techniques make it possible to get a diagnoses so quickly, make it possible to monitor the progression of a disease, and improve the quality of prognoses. There are many variants to amplify, detect and sequence nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA, depending on clinical suspicions. The most common technique is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), on which different modifications have been developed to improve the diagnosis and interpretation process, such as: multiplex PCR, RT-PCR, microarrays and sequencing. Next Generation. The objectives of the study focus mainly on recognizing the molecular biology techniques applied in clinical diagnosis, analyzing the most common techniques used to identify alterations in the genome and identifying the different techniques that could be implemented for a better diagnosis. The multiplex PCR technique allows the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens in a single reaction, which is useful for early diagnosis, showing greater sensitivity than conventional blood cultures. Next generation sequencing is an alternative for the analysis of cytological samples. allowing to predict the response to treatment and the risk of malignancy in cervical cancer, where frequent mutations have been identified; RT-PCR is the main molecular technique for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, amplifying the E, RdRP and N genes, with high sensitivity and specificity for the same. Comparative genomic hybridization using microarrays is a promising tool for prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal anomalies and genetic diseases, avoiding the need for invasive techniques.
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    Actualización en técnicas diagnósticas de Amebiasis
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-03-04) Garcés Curay, Kevin Adrián; Pérez Laborde, Elena Johanna
    Amebiasis is an intestinal infection prevalent throughout the world, with the population of underdeveloped and tropical countries being the most affected. The disease is caused by the genus Entamoeba, Entamoeba histolytica is considered the only pathogenic species for humans, affecting the intestine, lung, brain and liver with the formation of abscesses. The data on the prevalence and incidence of amebiasis are considered to be overestimated, because traditionally the epidemiology of the disease has been studied by direct observation by microscopy, a technique that does not facilitate the differentiation of E. histolytica from other morphologically similar and non-pathogenic amoebas. To identify the real rate of amebiasis infection, techniques and methods have been implemented that moderately increase the diagnostic specificity of amebiasis, such as concentration techniques (Faust and Ritchie), stains, cultures and blood tests; these methods have not been able to resolve this problem public health problem. With the arrival of technology, laboratories have managed to implement techniques that identify microorganisms at a molecular level using techniques such as: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Loopmediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), whose specificity rate is close to 100%, which they are considered novel techniques whose objective is to update the diagnostic process of amebiasis.
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    “Herpes simple tipo 2 (vhs2) en lesiones displásicas de cuello uterino en mujeres de la provincia de Tungurahua.”
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2018-05-01) Basantes Ruiz, Katty Maricela; Carrero Castillo PhD., Yenddy Nayghit
    The cancer of uterine neck (CaCu) is a problem of public health worldwide, being the second reason of death in the alive women sexually active. Several factors have been described predisposing related by the genesis of the cancer as like: beginning of sexual relations to early age, the consumption of alcohol, the smoking, promiscuity, multiparity, long use of oral contraceptives, metabolic disorders and infections of sexual transmission like the HVP and HVS2. The lens of the investigation(research) was molecular detection of the Virus realized Simple Herpes type 2 (VHS2) in injuries displásicas of uterine neck in women of Tungurahua's Province. The population was constituted by 250 patients who came to the Hospital of SOLCA - Ambato and in the Center of Health of Pilahuin's Vicarage, of which there were selected 94 patients who fulfilled the criteria of incorporation and exclusion.To every patient a clinical history and an assent was elaborated informed to take part in the study, as well as a physical examination and colposcópico where it was obtained exuded cervical by a citobrush for the molecular detection by PCR. The obtained results indicate that there does not exist a high incident of HVS2 in the population of Tungurahua since only 1,6 % of the cases was positive, of equal way several factors of risk were identified as multiple sexual companions, beginning of sexual relations at the age of 15, sexual relations of genital type and orogenital which related to the injuries displásicas of uterine neck.