Ciencias de la Salud

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Subject: search.filters.subject.MICROBIOTA

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    IMPACTO DE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL COMO DESENCADENANTE DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON
    (2025-06-13) Morales Villacis Karen Alexandra; Padilla Vinueza Verónica Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Years ago, it was believed that the gut microbiota only played a role in the digestion process. Today, it is known that it has a crucial impact on neurological health, to the extent that it has been associated with the development of Parkinson's disease. The objective of this research work is to analyze the role of the microbiota as a trigger for Parkinson's disease. This is a review of the literature related to gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease, which involved the collection and analysis of published bibliography over the last five years in both English and Spanish, yielding significantly relevant conclusions. Recent studies suggest that alterations in microbiota composition influence inflammation and metabolism, contributing factors to the progression of this disease. It is concluded that the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis, underscores the importance of microbiota in modulating the central nervous system, as it initiates systemic inflammatory processes that significantly influence the onset of Parkinson's disease.
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    EFECTO TERAPÉUTICO DE LOS PROBIÓTICOS COMO TRATAMIENTO COADYUVANTE PARA EL TRASTORNO DEPRESIVO MAYOR
    (2025-06-13) Caiza Bustos, Anabel Estefania; Acosta Gavilánez, Roberto Iván; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Introduction: In the field of mental health, factors such as unbalanced diet, infections, and sustained stress lead to alterations in the functions of the intestinal microbiota, including the synthesis of neuroactive compounds. Probiotics are attributed a potential therapeutic effect in pathologies such as major depressive disorder (MDD) by modulating the gut-brain microbiota axis. Objective: To identify probiotic strains that have potential effects on the symptoms of major depressive disorder. Materials and methods: A descriptive bibliographic review was carried out with information collected from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled studies, bibliographic reviews, intervention studies, pilot studies obtained from specialized databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library published between 2020 and 2024.Conclusions: The effects are specific to each strain. The capacity of Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum to boost tryptophan along the serotonin pathway, improving mood, anhedonia and sleep quality, is highlighted. Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 regulates the serotonergic system and the metabolism of tryptophan, a precursor of serotonin, capable of alleviating the symptoms of MDD. Despite the positive findings around the strains studied, research in larger populations is required to determine the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation to the classic treatment of MDD.
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    MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL EN LA OBESIDAD: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Gutierrez Lozada, Andres Eduardo; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán
    Obesity and overweight is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of body fat. In recent decades they have become a global public health problem. The intestinal microbiota, which is the microbial ecosystem that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The objective of the present review is to compile the latest advances on the relationship between the intestinal microbiota in obesity and establish dysbiosis as an important factor in obesity, as well as the influence of diet on the intestinal microbiota and the consumption of prebiotics and probiotics. . . A methodology was used based on the bibliographic review of research related to the microbiota and obesity, carried out by exploring digital platforms specialized in health, such as Pubmed, Google Academic, ScIELO and Dialnet, in the period between 2019 and 2023. The results revealed that an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota is associated with an increased risk of obesity and related diseases. It is clear that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity.
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    TIPOS DE DIETA EN LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL CÁNCER
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Cerruffo Acosta, Brigitte Alexandra; Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia
    This article was carried out with the aim of making known the various diets that favor the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with cancer through the review of several investigations related to the subject, based on the above this work allows to reinforce the importance of having a proper diet for the correct functionality of the intestinal microbiota, since this would be both a preventive and therapeutic strategy for many diseases such as cancer and the benefits that would also bring the use of probiotics and prebiotics among others, which would be of great importance to contribute to a healthier microbiota, becoming a key factor, as a mediator of the effects of diet on health and source of Inter variability of response to a diet. Finally, some examples of dietary intervention in which the microbiota has been shown to play a key role in the results obtained are named. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to increase the knowledge about the etiological role of the microbiota in the development of a disease such as cancer and its knowledge could be of great utility and a fundamental tool in the detection and treatment of this disease, as well as to carry out a timely and individualized evaluation and intervention, with a multidimensional, systemic, multi and interdisciplinary approach.
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    Probióticos para el tratamiento de colitis ulcerosa. Un estudio de revisión
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Mallitasig Endara, Fátima Vanessa; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia PhD
    Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the colon of multifactorial origin that affects the microbiota, its treatment seeks to improve its dysbiosis by means of probiotics, microorganisms with life, capable of providing multiple benefits to the organism. Objective: To analyze the benefits of probiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by means of a literature review. Method: A systematic review was carried out in Spanish and English using scientific databases such as Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet, Google Scholar, Elsevier. In a total of 251 reviews, considering as exclusion criteria those documents older than 3 years or not included in scientific databases. Results: Despite not being harmful to health, some authors highlight that the use of probiotics does not guarantee a cure of the disease or the elimination of its symptoms, but rather that it could be useful in periods of remission and its maintenance, provided it is used in the right amount and specific strain. Conclusions: Probiotics have proven to be useful in inducing the remission phase of active ulcerative colitis, with a specific amount and type of strains, however, studies are still needed to determine the duration of their effect on the organism.
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    Evaluación e implementación de métodos de diagnósticos para vaginosis bacteriana en las pacientes del Laboratorio de Especialidades Médicas Ochoa en base a criterios de Amsel y Nugent
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10) Yuquilema Poma, María Elena Lcda.; Vaca Altamirano, Gabriela Liseth Bqf. Ph.d.
    Las infecciones del sistema reproductivo femenino, como la vaginitis y la vaginosis bacteriana, son comunes en mujeres de todas las edades, pero los cambios frecuentes asociados con la biología vaginal son menos conocidos. Esto afecta la calidad de vida de la mujer y provoca frustrantes dolencias como irritación de la vulva, ansiedad, disfunción sexual y molestias vaginales. Inclusive aquejando los costos médicos directos e indirectos relacionados con problemas de salud reproductiva (infertilidad), aborto espontáneo e histerectomía. Por otro lado, no siempre presentan signos o síntomas, pueden ser asintomáticos. Los microorganismos causantes de esta patología en un 40% – 50% son: Cocobacilos Gram Negativos, Bacilos Gram variables curvos y los Bacilos Gram positivos (lactobacilos). El diagnóstico se puede realizar mediante criterios clínicos, evaluando el morfotipo bacteriano con la tinción de Gram realizada en las secreciones vaginales o mediante métodos microbiológicos desarrollados como alternativa al diagnóstico. Este proyecto de desarrollo tiene como objetivo estandarizar los criterios diagnósticos de vaginosis bacteriana en mujeres con enfermedades vaginales mediante la aplicación de los criterios de Nugent (estándar de oro) en los estudios citobacteriológicos realizados en los Laboratorios de Especialidades Médicas Ochoa. Se realiza mediante la observación macroscópica y microscópica de flujo vaginal para analizar y describir la muestra en base a criterios de inclusión y exclusión de la población seleccionada para el muestreo. Se espera que proporcione una visión general de bases fundamentales para el desarrollo, revisión y actualización de métodos de laboratorio existente efectivo para el diagnóstico de la Vaginosis Bacteriana, base elemental para el desarrollo de medidas preparatorias preventivas, que puedan mejorar el nivel de salud y la calidad de vida de la población.