Ciencias de la Salud
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Item COINCIDENCIAS DEL DIAGNÓSTICO DEL GÉNERO STREPTOCOCCUS ENTRE MÉTODO MANUAL Y EL MÉTODO AUTOMATIZADO EN EL LABORATORIO AUTOMATIZADO ZAMORA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-10-01) Zamora Sánchez, María Cristina; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánThe genus Streptococcus sp. They are gram positive cocci; these bacteria grow in chains or pairs which are oxidase and catalase negative. Among the groups that cause disease in humans are the most frequent such as Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) produces tonsillitis and impetigo, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the cause. Of the majority of pneumonias acquired in the community, Streptococcus viridans and its groups are the cause of dental abscesses, within the subgenus is Streptococcus mutas the main agent that causes dental cavities and without forgetting that it causes endocarditis is a common pathogen that causes severe and potentially complicated infections with the possibility of generating serious sequelae, hence the importance of rapid, accurate and timely identification. In this context, it is essential to evaluate the available diagnostic methodologies to determine their relative effectiveness. In particular, the performance of the manual method should be compared with the Vitek 2 Compact automated system, in order to evaluate the concordance between both approaches in the identification of Streptococcus sp. The objective of this study is To evaluate the agreement of the diagnosis of Streptococcus sp. between the manual method and the automated method in the Zamora Automated Clinical Laboratory in the period July and May 2023-2024. The methodology used for this study was Quantitative, non-experimental, observational, descriptive study with verification of coincidences in diagnostic tests for the identification of 100 culture samples with growth for Streptococcus sp. in two laboratories, verification of coincidences in diagnostic tests for identification in 100 culture samples with growth for Streptococcus sp. in two laboratories, using conventional and automated methods (Vitek 2 Compact). To obtain results, tests were carried out to Differentiation tests were performed, obtaining 100% negative catalase, 100% alpha hemolysis, 100% resistant bacitracin, 94% resistant optochin. The identification of pathogens of the genus Streptococcus sp. was carried out using two different methods: one manual and the other automated. The manual method, revealed the following proportions: 94% corresponded to Streptococcus of the viridans group, 6% to S. pneumoniae, and 0% to S. pyogenes. On the other hand, the automated method provide results with 89% of S. viridans, 6% of S. pneumoniae and 0% of S. pyogenes. These findings show a slight discrepancy in the proportion of S. viridans identified by both methods, while the identities of S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes remained constant between the two analytical approaches. The kappa index determined a concordance of 1 (almost perfect) according to the table between both methods for the identification of S. pneumoniae and 0.635 (considerable for identifying S. viridans. Based on these findings, a proposal was designed for the improvement of diagnostic skills according to the results obtained, the identification of the Streptococcus sp. by the manual method compared to the automated methodology (Vitek 2 Compact), presents high concordance, especially with S. pneumoniae. Strategies must be reviewed and implemented to improve the identification of this pathogen in laboratories how is the implementation of the automated equipment since it has a better identification in the subgenera of the viridans group which are of clinical interest in the dental areaItem CARACTERIZACIÓN MICROBIOLÓGICA DE AGENTES CAUSANTES DE ONICOMICOSIS EN TRABAJADORES DEL MERCADO MAYORISTA AMBATO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-09-04) Villacrés Taco, Lorena Viviana; Salazar Garcés, Dolores KrupskayaOnychomycosis has become a public health problem in Ecuador, generating a negative and significant impact on people's quality of life. The present study aimed to microbiologically characterize the agents causing onychomycosis in samples of nail lesions of workers at the Ambato Wholesale Market in the period October 2023 - May 2024. In this research, a non-experimental cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out in which a quantitative and qualitative approach was applied due to the identification of yeast-like mycotic agents and their sensitivity and resistance profile to antifungals in nail lesions of workers. From 212 participants undergoing the research, of which 111 met the requirements and toenail samples were taken, the following results were obtained: a total of 33 positive samples were identified where Candida spp. representing around 69.7%, Trichsoporum rubrum with 12.1%, Epidermophyton floccosum in 9.1% and Aspergillus with 9.1%. It is important to take into account that the Mycosel Agar culture medium was used. In the same way, Candida albicans was identified by culture in CHROMagar in 87%, with Candida parasilopsis 13%. In the samples analyzed, the main agents were Candida species, with a predominance of C. albicans followed by C. parapsilosis and sensitivity to Fluconazole was identified in 90% for C, albicans while in C. parapsilopsis this response was 33.33% and for Itraconazole it was observed that C. parapsiolpsis was sensitive in 100% while for C. albicans the sensitivity was 95%. In response to this, a diagnostic protocol for onychomycosis was developed, with improvement actions in the pre-analytical and analytical phase applicable in the Zamora Ambato Clinical and Bacteriological Laboratory.Item “Técnicas de desinfección y su relación con la presencia de microorganismos en los vacunatorios de los centros de salud de la ciudad de Ambato”(2018-10-01) Moyano López, Ximena Alejandra; Fernández Nieto, Myriam Ivonne Lcda. Mg.Intrahospital infections are a health problem, which can cause great complications for the patient if we do not take adequate biosafety measures and disinfection techniques. The investigation about disinfection techniques and their relationship with the presence of microorganisms in the vaccinations of the health centers of the city of Ambato whose objective was to determine the disinfection techniques and their relation with the presence of microorganisms was applied the exploratory method since When analyzing, it will be possible to identify the disinfection techniques performed by the health personnel, determine the frequency with which they are properly cleaned and identify the presence of microorganisms that may be present, by means of delimited information reaching the conclusion that the level compliance with the disinfection of vaccines applied by health personnel, is partially fulfilled assuming as observed in the guide, assuming that by not performing appropriate techniques and without using a correct solution would attract the presence of microorganisms and consequently nosocomial infections and main microorganisms present in the vaccines E. coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Staphylococcus Aureus / epidemidis- klepsiella pneumoniae- Enterobacter Spp housed in stretchers, thermos, refrigerators, mesons and turbot.Item “Técnicas de desinfección y su relación con la presencia de microorganismos en los vacunatorios de los centros de salud de la ciudad de Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2018-10-01)Intrahospital infections are a health problem, which can cause great complications for the patient if we do not take adequate biosafety measures and disinfection techniques. The investigation about disinfection techniques and their relationship with the presence of microorganisms in the vaccinations of the health centers of the city of Ambato whose objective was to determine the disinfection techniques and their relation with the presence of microorganisms was applied the exploratory method since When analyzing, it will be possible to identify the disinfection techniques performed by the health personnel, determine the frequency with which they are properly cleaned and identify the presence of microorganisms that may be present, by means of delimited information reaching the conclusion that the level compliance with the disinfection of vaccines applied by health personnel, is partially fulfilled assuming as observed in the guide, assuming that by not performing appropriate techniques and without using a correct solution would attract the presence of microorganisms and consequently nosocomial infections and main microorganisms present in the vaccines E. coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Staphylococcus Aureus / epidemidis- klepsiella pneumoniae- Enterobacter Spp housed in stretchers, thermos, refrigerators, mesons and turbotItem “Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva relacionadas al embarazo en adolescentes de 14 a 19 años que acuden al centro de salud n.2 de la ciudad de Ambato durante el período marzo - agosto 2014.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Medicina, 2014-11-01) Herrera Lozada, Alexandra Elizabeth; Estenoz Álvarez, Maggy Dra.Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices on sexual and reproductive health related to pregnancy in adolescents aged 14 to 19 who come to the health center N.2 Ambato city during the period March - August 2014. Design: Descriptive study, transversal. Method and material: A sample from a universe of 480 adolescent mothers between 14 and 19 who attended the outpatient gynecology and pediatrics at the Health Center N.2 Ambato city from March to August 2014 was determined based on the confidence level or 95% confidence (1.96 ) , accuracy = 3% , expected ratio = 5 % ( 0.05) that maximizes the sample size , which allowed us to know how many teenagers must study , the result was 240 teenage mothers were randomly selected without ethnic distinction to which they were surveyed through a questionnaire. Results: Adolescents Before Starting sexual life were reported Contraceptive Methods in 37% of cases and where they obtained information were in educational institutions in 70%, family 18%, internet 6%, health center 0 % the average age of first sexual intercourse was at 15.9 years due to curiosity, more in love , and in some cases are forced by the couple (try love) 5% did not use protection in 73% in its first sexual experience. 78 % know STIs, the most known and used condoms MAC is followed by the PAE. The main cause of teenage pregnancy is by not using contraceptives at 60%, followed by the lack of communication between partners 13 %, the failure of the methods 8%, 5% of family problems. The reaction of adolescent mothers from pregnancy was Rejected at 61%, 4% was Desire. The attitude of the family against pregnancy was negative 36 %, the attitude of the baby's parents recognized pregnancy and were responsible for 83 %, 11% experienced discrimination by their pregnant friends found her. Conclusions: The vast majority of teenage mothers has no knowledge of MAC and STIs and if reported claim that knowledge of contraception, and STIs are weak, cold , are not comprehensive , are not adapted to their needs , culture and therefore not are helping teens make good choices as protection during sex , nor have they contributed to the formation of responsible attitudes to sexual and reproductive health. The best-known method is the adolescent condom and PAE but not all young people use it correctly.Item Conocimientos sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual y acciones preventivas realizadas por adolescentes del sector dos. Saquisilí. 2015 – 2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Salazar Hidalgo, Byron Segundo Dr.; Lozano Heredia, Rebeca Dra. Esp.Knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and preventive actions taken by adolescents in the sector both. Sexually Transmitted Infections currently is a public health problem, especially in the adolescent stage due to conditions such as lack of knowledge that endanger their health by unhealthy sexual behaviors. Objective: To determine knowledge of STIs and preventive actions by teenagers Saquisilí sector 2. Method: The study is qualitative quantitative, descriptive method of cross section. The sample consisted of 138 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, was used as instrument a questionnaire. Results: Of 100% (138) adolescents; only 66.5% adolescents know about STIs and ways of contagion; information obtained from teachers and some of their parents, 88.7% know how to prevent using condoms followed by checkups (75%) and related to the couple (65%). Conclusion: The highest percentage of adolescents have average knowledge about STIs and their preventive actions, statistical Chi square test shows that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of knowledge and preventive practices.Item Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sexuales en adolescentes para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual Unidad Educativa “Darío Guevara”, 2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Cindy Grace Dra., Dávalos Barzola; . Patricio Aníbal , Bedoya Vaca Dr EspDuring the stage of adolescence Sexually Transmitted Infections are a public health problem due to situations that threaten their sexual and reproductive health as well as the practice of unhealthy behaviors. Objective: Determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices of adolescents for prevention of sexually transmitted infections in the educational unit "Dario Guevara". Method: The research approach is qualitative quantitative descriptive method of cross section. The sample consisted of 170 elementary school students enrolled in the ninth, tenth and eleventh grade respectively, a questionnaire was used as instrument. Results: 100% (170) students; only 58.24% of students have average knowledge about STIs and forms of contagion; information obtained through media and with one of their parents, 35.9% never prevented by using condoms. Conclusion: The highest percentage of students have average knowledge about STIs and preventive practices through statistical test Chi Square there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of knowledge and preventive practice.Item Identificación del Agente Microbiano Causante de Infecciones Urinarias dn Pacientes Internos Sometidos a Cateterismo Vesical(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Laboratorio Clínico, 2016-10-01) Panchi Salazar, Jenny Alexandra; Salazar Garcés, Dolores Krupskaya Lic. Mg.The high incidence of infections of the urinary tract in men and women undergoing bladder catheterization of the 18 and 35years of age conducted this study towards the identification of microbial agents involved in this disease. Being the gender male 12 representing the 30.0% and 28 are female representing the 70.0%. Urinary tract infections are can be subdivided into two main anatomical categories: infection of the upper tract (prostatitis and urethritis) and the lower infection (cystitis). In most cases, the growth of more 100.000 UFC /ml is clinically important in patients undergoing catheterization, were unable to identify the microbes that cause urinary infections in inpatients undergoing bladder catheterization are bacteria gram-negative, identified by microbiological protocols, it could be observed in this population who in 30 patients identified Escherichia coli representing 75% and 10 patients were identified Klebsiella pneumoniae is 25%. It is important and necessary to know the etiology, bacterial in these patients.