Ciencias de la Salud
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Item EL MANEJO DE SÍNTOMAS RESPIRATORIOS EN CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS PARA PACIENTES CON EPOC(2025-06-16) Manzano Pérez Johanna Michelle; Cruz Castillo Yessenia Magaly; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex progessive and irreversible condition of the respiratory system that affects millions of people in the world, in recent years it is disproportionate increase has been predicted, recognizing that many patients do not receive adequate treatment in the final stages of life. Although the potential benefits are recognized, access is deficient, generating uncertainty for those who require this intervention. Objetives: We analyzed updated scientific evidence on the management of respiratory symptoms in patients with advanced COPD in need of palliative care. Material and methods: A review of the literature was carried out, including scientific articles, systematic reviews and metaanalyses of the last 5 years, as well as documents from scientific societies with expertise in the subject, through scientific databases of impact such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. Results: Four studies were included which deduced the importance and individual benefit of palliative care in relation to symptom buerden, probability of hospitalization and mortaly, as well as level of quality of life. Conclusion: Palliative care is a tool for symptomatic, emotional and social support according to the eligibility criteria individuals with advanced COPD can benefit from this type of therapy, however, it is limited scope generates a challenge in its implementation.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO INTRÍNSECOS Y EXTRÍNSECOS QUE FAVORECEN EL DESARROLLO DE FIBROSIS PULMONAR EN PACIENTES MAYORES DE 65 AÑOS, REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Tulmo Quimbita, Joseline Estefanía; Salinas Velastegui, Verónica GabrielaPulmonary fibrosis is a pathological entity characterized by damage to the lung parenchyma, causing abnormal tissue scarring. This pathology originates from respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common pathology in patients over 40 years of age. age, is currently the third cause of death worldwide. Risk factors can be extrinsic such as: ingestion of biomass smoke, tobacco, occupational pollutants, among others, intrinsic factors depend directly on the patient such as: genetic factors, weight and gestational age at birth, history of recurrent respiratory infections in childhood , the symptoms usually range from mild to severe, this will depend on the degree of lung injury present, the treatment and measures to be considered for the improvement of the individual will depend on the damage and the current symptoms. Objectives: To carry out a bibliographic review on the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that favor the development of pulmonary fibrosis in patients over 65 years of age through a bibliographic search. Material and methods: search for information on the risk factors that favor the development of pulmonary fibrosis in patients >65 years of age in the following databases: Medline/PubMed, LILACS-BIREME and SciELO, including AND and OR operators. Results: the main triggering factor for the appearance of pulmonary fibrosis will be the presence of COPD, a multifactorial pathology. Conclusions: pulmonary fibrosis is a pathology that entails significant complications in patients; it can present with mild symptoms where the ventilatory process is still sustained to conditions where ventilation is totally ineffective.Item ALTERACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDAD PULMONAR OBSTRUCTIVA CRÓNICA (EPOC)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Peñafiel Erazo, David Sebastián; Jurado Melo, Verónica CristinaIntroduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a prevalent pathology with multiple systemic repercussions, among which the alteration of nutritional status stands out. This disturbance plays a crucial role, influencing the progression of the disease and the quality of life of patients. This bibliographic review focuses on synthesizing key findings in this area, thus providing a solid basis for future therapeutic interventions and management strategies. Methodology: To achieve this, a rigorous methodology was employed, analyzing a series of scientific studies and highly relevant documents published in recent years. The review focused on works that provide empirical data, exhaustive analyses, and pertinent discussions on the clinical manifestations and consequences of malnutrition in individuals affected by COPD. Results: The results of this review reveal that there is a notable correlation between malnutrition and the exacerbation of COPD symptoms, highlighting a series of complex pathophysiological mechanisms that involve chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations that contribute to a vicious cycle of nutritional and functional deterioration. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is evident that the alteration of the nutritional status in patients with COPD constitutes an area that requires amplified clinical and research attention. It is imperative to develop integrated nutritional strategies that can complement existing medical interventions, contributing to improving the prognosis and the quality of life of these patients.Item REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE LA ENFERMEDAD PULMONAR OBSTRUCTIVA CRÓNICA EN EL DESARROLLO Y PRONÓSTICO DE COVID-19(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Lluguay Chiliquinga, Mauricio Ronaldo; Bombón Pozo, Caroll AlexandraIntroduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third most common cause of death worldwide, it does not appear as a frequent comorbidity associated with a COVID -19 infection, it appears below metabolic and/or cardiovascular comorbidities, data The few available data relate it to a severe case of COVID-19. This review focuses on determining the mechanism by which patients with COPD develop severe COVID-19 in addition to the role that inhaled corticosteroids have in the development of COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review was carried out based on original articles and reviews of the following databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Scielo. The selected articles were published in the period between 2019-2023. Results: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with the development of severe COVID-19 infection due to the high expression of ACE-2 receptors in the airway, previous exacerbations result in a worse prognosis in concomitant infection. The use of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is essential since it generates a protector by inhibiting viral replication, reducing symptoms and hospitalization time. On the other hand, inhaled corticosteroids can generate an immunosuppressive effect, worsening the prognosis of the disease. COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, despite not being a comorbidity frequently associated with COVID-19, is related to a worse prognosis due to an increase in viral load and immunosuppression.