Ciencias de la Salud
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Item FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIO-METABÓLICOS EN ADULTOS CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Lopez Panata, Erika Pamela; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaObesity and overweight are cardiometabolic factors that increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, associated with unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles; these health issues have been declared global epidemics. Objective: To determine cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults in a rural Ecuadorian population. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Pisacha neighborhood of Ambato, Ecuador, from May to August 2024. Using an observational and descriptive approach, 48 individuals aged 20 to 64 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, waist circumference, fasting and occasional glucose levels (measured by glucometer), two blood pressure readings, and the risk factor questionnaire created by the Mexican National Secretariat were administered. Results: The analysis shows that men predominate in the 20–44 age group, while women are more common in the 45–64 age group. Obesity is more prevalent among women, and overweight among men. Sixty-five percent of respondents do not exercise regularly, and optimal blood pressure is more frequent in men aged 20–44. Additionally, 46% of those with overweight and obesity present positive casual glycemia results. Conclusions: Overweight is more common in men than in women, while physical inactivity is one of the most concerning factors, as most respondents engage in little or no exercise, with higher prevalence among women. Higher age and obesity are associated with borderline blood pressures, and overweight and obesity predispose individuals to positive casual glycemia results.Item AUTOCONTROL DE LA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN ADULTOS MAYORES EN UNA COMUNIDAD ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Sánchez Torres, Lissette Estefanía; Quenoran Almeida, Verónica Sofia; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world, characterized by the body's inability to effectively regulate blood glucose levels, which leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Objective: To describe the self-control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults in an Ecuadorian community. Methods: Quantitative, non-experimental, field, descriptive and transversal approach. The “Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ)” questionnaire was used, applied to 42 older adults. Results: 31% of the participants indicated that the control of blood sugar levels is applied to some extent in attending appointments. medical doctors, 52.4% said that this statement applies to a considerable degree, in relation to taking medication for diabetes, 61.9% of the participants indicated that it applies to a considerable degree, in turn, in terms of tendency to "binge eat", approximately 26.2% stated that this statement applies to some extent, the tendency to skip planned physical activity, 54.8% stated that this premise applies to a considerable degree, in relation to the Perception of their diabetes self-control, approximately 35.7% stated that it is applied to a certain extent. Conclusion: Improve selfcontrol practices by favoring the reduction of complications related to the pathology, promoting autonomy and informed decision-making, contributing to active aging. and healthy in the population.Item Efectividad de un plan de entrenamiento HIIT sobre las personas con prediabetes(2025-03-11) Puruncajas Rodríguez, Cristina Isabel; Tello Moreno, Mónica Cristina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosPrediabetes is characterized by having blood glucose levels that are higher than normal, but not high enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This intermediate state predisposes people who suffer from it to precede diabetes. This research proposes a HIIT training plan as a method to reduce high glucose levels in people suffering from prediabetes, with the aim of testing the effectiveness of this training type prescribed and dosed by health personnel. This proposal was originated from the interest in improving the health conditions of the study population and at the same time providing an alternative, timely and effective treatment; and that it does not represent a high cost for the institution where it is developed. The research focuses on determining the effectiveness of the HIIT training plan in the treatment of people with prediabetes, in addition to the behavior of other physiological parameters during its execution. This analytical intervention project, with a quantitative, prospective, longitudinal and application-level approach. It was carried out at the Latacunga Type C Health Center with a 13-week intervention: the first week after the evaluation, the participant was adapted to the exercise, then the training plan was applied for 12 weeks and finally the effects after it were evaluated. The parameters evaluated are: VO2peak (6-minute step test), fasting glucose and risk of diabetes mellitus (FINDRISC). At last, the research findings reveal that HIIT training combined with a low-calorie diet is an effective intervention to improve several health indicators in people with prediabetes, such as: fasting glucose, VO2peak, HRsubmax and consequently the risk of developing diabetes.Item LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD DE LOS PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS FRENTE A LA TUBERCULOSIS, UN ENFOQUE DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA INMUNOLÓGICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Paredes Aguirre, Wendy Valeria; Echeverria Valencia, Gabriela FernandaIntroduction: The interaction between diabetes and tuberculosis represents a topic of growing medical and public health interest. Both conditions, persistent and significant globally, impact millions of individuals. Diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production or resistance to this hormone, has seen an increase in prevalence. On the other hand, tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the leading infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective: To highlight the susceptibility of diabetic patients to tuberculosis from an immunological perspective. Methodology: The approach included a comprehensive literature review using high-impact databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant sources in the field. Results: Diabetic patients exhibit an altered immune response characterized by compromised macrophage and T-cell function, and a reduction in the production of antimicrobial peptides. These factors contribute to a higher bacterial load and a favorable environment for the proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus intensifies susceptibility to tuberculosis through multiple immunological dysfunctions. It is essential to integrate glycemic management and immunological surveillance in the treatment of diabetic patients with tuberculosis to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the incidence of the disease.Item NUTRICIÓN Y OBESIDAD EN LAS ENFERMEDADES HEPÁTICAS. UNANÁLISIS DOCUMENTAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Correa Vasconez, Erik Abraham; Guanga Lara, Verónica ElizabethIntroducción: El consumo frecuente de alimentos altos en el contenido de grasa saturada se ha asociado con el aumento de la obesidad a nivel mundial especialmente en países desarrollados. El objetivo es efectuar una revisión bibliográfica acerca de la nutrición y su relación con la obesidad y la aparición de enfermedades hepáticas. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bibliotecas digitales como Pubmed, Scielo, Latindex, que cumplieron criteriosde inclusión: años entre 2019 y 2023, guías de alimentación actualizadas, documentos oficiales, artículos científicos y libros en inglés y español. Resultados: La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) es una condición en aumento, siendo una de las enfermedades hepáticas crónicas más relevantes en el mundo, especialmente en adultos, escolares y adolescentes. Se ha relacionado con la obesidad, la diabetes y el síndrome metabólico, afectando al 25-30% de la población adulta, con mayor prevalencia en países como Brasil, Chile y Colombia de América Latina. La EHGNA puede conducir a complicaciones graves como la cirrosis hepática y el cáncer de hígado. La prevención incluye cambios en el estilo de vida, como una dieta equilibrada y laactividad física regular, y la identificación temprana mediante herramientas de tamizaje nutricional en consultas médicas y nutricionales. Conclusión: existe relación en el tipo de nutrientes, hábitos alimentarios y estilos vida con la aparición de la obesidad y sus complicaciones en las funciones hepáticas, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, cirrosis y alterando funciones de otros órganos.Item RELACIÓN ENTRE PERFIL LIPÍDICO Y RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE CENTROS GERONTOLÓGICOS DEL CANTÓN AMBATO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Endara Calderón, Juan Diego; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaThe present cross-sectional and descriptive research aimed to determine the relationship between lipid profile alterations and insulin resistance in elderly adults from gerontological centers in the Ambato canton. A blood sample was taken from 80 elderly adults for subsequent laboratory analysis, which included measurements of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin. The HOMA-IR index was used to evaluate insulin resistance. Additional l y, the weight and height of the participants were recorded to calculate their body mass index (BMI), and a survey was conducted to gather information about their lifestyl es and possible risk factors. The results showed that, of the 80 study participants, 27 individuals (34%) were of normal weight, 45 individuals (56%) were overweight, and 8 individuals (10%) were obese, according to the MSP of Ecuador and the WHO table for adult men and women. No statistically significant relationship was found between BMI and insulin resistanc e (p-value of 0.874), nor between the lipid profile and insulin resistance (p-value of 0.487). However, obesity remains an important risk factor for insulin resistance in the geriatric population. The study suggests that insulin resistance is influenced by multiple factors such as genetics, physical activity, and diet, and that BMI alone may not be sufficient to predict insulin resistance. Differences in body composition, lifestyles, and genetic factors can affect this relationship.Item ASOCIACIÓN DE LOS GRUPOS SANGUÍNEOS ABO Y RHESUS A PATOLOGÍAS CRÓNICAS EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE LOS CENTROS GERONTOLÓGICOS VIDA A LOS AÑOS Y SAN JOAQUÍN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Pinto Demera, Maria de los Angeles; Pérez Laborde, Elena JohannaChronic diseases are one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide; Blood groups, ABO and Rh, are biological variables capable of influencing susceptibility to these diseases. The main objective of this research is to relate the ABO and Rh system to the chronic diseases suffered by the residents of the “Vida a los Años” and “San Joaquín” Gerontolog i c al Centers, in the period March – April 2024. The population is made up of 75 older adults belonging to these geriatric centers, the tube agglutination test was used to observe the reaction of the different whole blood samples of the patients, in addition a checklist was applied to their medical records to collect their data and thus Previous and current chronic pathologies were identified and recorded. Of the 75 samples, 46 belong to group O, 19 to group B and 10 to group A, all of which had a positive Rh factor. In determining the association between the variables, a positive correlation was considered between patients with blood type A+ and the development of osteoporosis, with a p value of 0.024 (binary logistic regression), blood group B+ and type 2 diabetes mellitus. with a p value p 0.001 (binary logistic regression), and O+ blood group and arterial hypertension with a p value p 0.05 (binary logistic regression). It was concluded that the ABO and Rh system is related to three chronic diseases already diagnosed among residents of gerontological centers, which were osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure.Item TRATAMIENTOS APLICADOS EN PACIENTES POR INFECCIÓN DE COVID-19 CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Sánchez Jácome, Gissela de los Ángeles; Freire Montesdeoca, Jessica MarianaCoronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause different types of respiratory illnesses. At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus was identified and declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There is the development of diabetes in patients with SARS-CoV-2, so it is possible that it could cause alterations in glucose metabolism leading to the development of diabetes mellitus. The objectives of article to carry out a bibliographic review of the treatments applied in patients infected with Covid-19 and who have type 2 diabetes mellitus as their underlying pathology. The results this investigation all the articles analyzed describe the use of metformin, insulin and corticosteroids as the mainstay of treatment, accompanied by patient education and communication between health personnel and the patient. Conclusion treatment is based on the patient's usual medication, but with slight adjustments depending on glucose control. Different treatments have also been described such as incretins, ACE inhibitors, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine and SGLT2 inhibitors among others that have acted in different ways to control this pathology.Item EFECTO CARDIOMETABÓLICO DE LOS INHIBIDORES DEL COTRANSPORTADOR DE SODIO Y GLUCOSA TIPO 2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Olmedo Muñoz, Melissa Belén; Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo JavierType 2 diabetes mellitus has emerged as a leading cause of premature death and a growing threat to the healthcare system due to the high costs of medical care in the context of cardiovascular complications. We conducted a systematic electronic search of clinical trials published from 2015 to January 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScieLO databases, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease on standard therapy and their cost-effectiveness observing significantly lower rates of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death and hospitalization due to heart failure when the study drugs were added to standard therapy. In addition, it was shown that the reduction in cardiovascular clinical events offset the cost of type 2 sodiumglucose cotransporter inhibitors, resulting in a cost-effective use of health care resources.Item IMPACTO METABÓ LICO DE LOS PESTICIDAS EN EL DESARROLLO DE OBESIDAD Y DIABETES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-07) Barona Freire, Selene Isabel; Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo JavierIntroduction: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represent chronic patholog ic a l entities with increasing global incidence, whose etiology is multifactorial, ranging from lifestyle to environmental factors. Among the latter, exposure to pesticides has aroused notable scientific interest, suggesting a potential association with metabolic alterations. Objective: To evaluate the available evidence in the scientific literature regarding the metabolic impact of pesticides on the developm ent of obesity and T2DM. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, selecting observati on a l studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses from biomedical databases up to the year 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised studies in humans and animal models evaluating the effect of pesticide exposure on metabolic parameters related to obesity and T2DM. Results: Synthesis of the evidence indicated that pesticide exposure is associated with endocrine disruption, promoting adipogenesis and insulin resistance. Epidemiolog ic a l analyses correlate the presence of pesticide residues with increases in the prevalence of obesity and T2DM. Animal models support these findings, showing alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism following pesticide exposure. Conclusions: Pesticides emerge as significant environmental risk factors for metabol i c dysfunction, enhancing the development of obesity and T2DM. This association highligh ts the need to establish stricter regulatory policies and develop intervention strategies to minimize pesticide exposure in at-risk populations.
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