Ciencias de la Salud
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Item SUPLEMENTACIÓN PROTEICA EN ADULTOS MAYORES, UNA FORMA DE PREVENIR LA SARCOPENIA(2025-06-18) Navarrete Chicaiza, Christopher Damián; Bonilla Veloz, Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaSarcopenia is a pathology that mainly affects older adults and is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass, as well as the deterioration in the functionality and strength of body movements. This degenerative process is a natural consequence of aging, but is influenced by factors such as physical inactivity, poor diet and metabolic changes characteristic of aging. As time goes by, many people, especially older adults, tend to lead a more sedentary life due to physical limitations or health problems, which contributes to the development of this condition. Sarcopenia not only affects the ability to perform daily activities, but also increases the risk of falls, fractures and dependence on others to perform daily tasks. Nutritional supplementation plays a key role in the prevention and management of this condition. Adequate intake of protein, essential amino acids such as leucine, and other compounds such as vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids can help preserve muscle mass and improve motor function. These strategies allow older adults to maintain their independence for longer, improving their quality of life and reducing the negative impact of sarcopenia. In summary, a balanced diet in conjunction with appropriate supplementation may be key to slowing the muscle loss associated with aging.Item EXPERIENCIAS CURATIVAS CON PLANTAS MEDICINALES EN ADULTOS MAYORES DEL BARRIO RUMIPAMBA DE NAVAS(2025-06-17) Coque Leon, Victoria Estefania; Manzano Quisimalin, Devora Estefania; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Medicinal plants are those that have healing properties that have been implemented since ancient times and have been transmitted from generation to generation as a natural means to treat illnesses. Objective: To analyze the healing experiences with medicinal plants in older adults of the Rumipamba neighborhood of Navas. Methods: A qualitative approach research was carried out, with a hermeneutic phenomenological design and descriptive scope that addresses, from a phenomenological perspective, the healing experiences with medicinal plants in older adults of the Rumipamba de Navas neighborhood. The research participants were taken into account depending on the following inclusion criteria: older adults ≥ 65 years old, older adults residing for more than 10 years, the technique used in the research was a semi-structured interview, starting from the research question: What are the healing experiences with medicinal plants that you have had, seeking to understand the healing experiences with medicinal plants in older adults, in addition, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted and the analysis of the data obtained through the qualitative study on the healing experiences with medicinal plants in older adults of the Rumipamba de Navas neighborhood. Results: Applying Giorgi's method allowed the identification of categories and subcategories that highlight aspects of their healing experience with medicinal plants. Conclusion: The older adults of the Rumipamba de Navas neighborhood have a wide experience in the use of medicinal plants, which have been used to treat their illnesses and ailments. The information collected indicates the importance that these plants have in their families, neighbors and to take care of their own health. In addition, in the neighborhood it is evident that most of the older adults depend on medicinal plants, so some of them have decided to plant in their land to maintain and keep these plants close to them.Item Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca Domiciliaria para mejorar la funcionalidad en adultos mayores con hipertensión(2025-03-17) Guanoluisa Chávez, Cynthia Patricia; Campos Moposita, Angela Priscila; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosHome-based cardiac rehabilitation has become a fundamental strategy to improve the health and functionality of older adults, especially those with high blood pressure. The main objective of the research was to determine the effects of a homebased cardiac rehabilitation program on the functionality of hypertensive older adults. To do so, a quasi-experimental study was carried out in which the Senior Fitness Test was applied to evaluate the functional physical condition of the participants before and after the intervention. The program consisted of an aerobic exercise regimen (continuous and interval sprint) that consisted of stretching, joint mobility and breathing exercises, carried out for 14 weeks, with supervised sessions three times a week. The most significant results showed a notable improvement in the functional capacity of older adults, evidenced by the increase in the Senior Fitness Test scores. In addition, a decrease in blood pressure levels was observed, indicating that the program not only improved physical functionality but also contributed to the control of hypertension. These findings highlight the importance of regular physical activity in the cardiovascular health of older adults. In conclusion, the home-based cardiac rehabilitation program proved to be effective in improving functionality and reducing hypertension in older adults. The continuation of this type of program and the training of health professionals for its implementation in other communities is recommended. The proposal includes the development of similar initiatives that promote physical activity and healthy habits in the older adult population.Item Programa de fortalecimiento muscular con carga para mejorar la función cardiovascular en adultos mayores institucionalizados(2025-03-17) Delgado Valencia, Lénin Abraham; Campos Moposita, Angela Priscila; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosIntroduction: Aging and sedentary lifestyle cause deterioration in muscular and cardiovascular function, however, properly prescribed physical activity decreases these negative effects on health, playing an important role as a preventive strategy in chronic pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases and reduction of mortality achieving optimization of functional capacity in aging. Objective: To determine the influence of a muscle strengthening program with load on the improvement of cardiovascular function in institutionalized older adults. Materials and Methods: Analytical, observational, longitudinal design study. First, a literature review was carried out to develop a 16-week muscle strengthening program with load; participants were evaluated with the 1RM indirect test to dose the load to be used, in addition to blood pressure, Sit to stand test, recovery heart rate and orthostatic response to evaluate cardiovascular function before and after the intervention. The population consisted of 25 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A Wilcoxon test was performed with SPSS - 26 to compare the initial and final state. Results: A muscle strengthening program with load provokes benefits in cardiovascular function, evidenced changes in blood pressure (orthostatic pressure), recovery heart rate, muscle strength and better performance in activities of daily living. Conclusions: The results showed improvements in cardiovascular function. Orthostatic hypotension: systolic blood pressure was reduced from 52% to 28%. Diastolic blood pressure was reduced from 44% to 32%. FCR: 84% presented a risk of mortality in the FCR at 10 seconds and in the post-test it decreased to 16%. As for the recovery of the heart rate at one minute, 96% presented a risk of mortality and in the post-test this figure decreased to 0%.Item Programa de entrenamiento recreativo en base al fútbol para la funcionalidad física del adulto mayor(2025-03-13) Rivera Comina, Lisbeth Ivonne; Flores Robalino, Rosita Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosThe physical funtionality refers to the ability to carry out daily activities autonomously in the environment. The recreational football offers a modern approach that encourage both social cohesion and the practice of physical activity, key factors to improve or maintain this functionality. Therefore, the objective of this Project was to determine the effects of a recreational training program in the physical functionality of elderly. The sample included 30 elderly between 67 and 82 years old, who belong to “San Juan de Agua Santa” community in Pujili Canton. All participated in a training program based on football, which was developed during 12 weeks with a frequency of three times a week. The participants were evaluated before and after the intervention thought the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery and the Lawton and Brody escalation. During the training, the exercises were adapted incorporating technical, recreational and physical components, with simple and combined exercises, both with and without a ball. Each week, the number of repetitions, the difficulty and the time of the activities were gradually increased. Fort he stadistical analysis, the SPSS program was used. The results show significant improvements in the physical functionality of elderly who reach high and moderate levels of physical functionality. In addition, changes were observed in the levels of performance in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. It concludes that the recreational training program base don football is beneficial to improve the physical functionality of elderly since it strengthens their physical capacities leading to a better performance in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. These areas are closely related, since physical functionality is essential to optimally execute daily tasks that require strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance and agility.Item FORTALECIMIENTO DEL CUÁDRICEPS PARA MEJORAR LA MARCHA EN ADULTOS MAYORES(2025-02-27) Cueva Molina, Karen Mayeli; Bonilla Ayala, Josselyn Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaStrengthening the quadriceps in older adults is essential to improve gait, as this muscle group plays a key role in stability and mobility. Through specific exercises that increase muscle strength, postural control can be improved, reducing the risk of falls and optimizing walking functionality. This type of intervention contributes to a safer and more efficient gait, promoting independence and quality of life. Therefore, the objective of this research project was to determine the effects of quadriceps strengthening to improve gait in older adults. The quadriceps strength was measured using the dynamometer, the Tinetti scale and Timed Up and Go (TUG) to evaluate gait, accompanied by an intervention for strengthening, which were applied to 20 participants belonging to the GAD Parroquial 11 de Noviembre. This is an observational research, with a quantitative approach, the T test was used for normality analysis, in the sample reflected a value of p >0.05 giving a result of non-parametric data. Among the results, it was obtained that there were clinical improvements, but not statistical improvements in the post-intervention of dynamometry and TUG, except for Tinetti, whose values remained constant in the initial and final evaluation.Item CALIDAD DE VIDA DE LA POBLACIÓN ADULTA MAYOR INSTITUCIONALIZADA. ECUADOR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Chicaiza Ganan, Yadira Fernanda; Macías Ferreiro, KarinaQuality of life is a concept that can encompass various levels, visualizing biological, economic, social, and psychological demands from an individual to a community level, and is related to aspects of social well-being. This study aims to assess the quality of life of institutionalized elderly individuals at the CAIAM Integral Care Center in Cantón Patate. A quantitative, descriptive, and crosssectional investigation was conducted with a sample of 70 participants. The demographic characteristics indicate that most elderly individuals were between 81 and 90 years old, with 70% being women and 47.1% married. In terms of quality of life, it is mostly described as moderate, varying according to age, sex, and marital status. Regarding physical health, 59% reported a poor quality of life, 51% were dissatisfied with their lifestyle, 39% experienced physical pain during daily activities, 48% required medical treatment to function, 39% enjoyed life, and 36% had difficulty concentrating. After the analysis, it was observed that women are more prone to institutionalization than men. However, it could not be established that men have a better quality of life than women. The importance of continuing to implement policies and programs that promote the well-being and rights of this vulnerable population was highlighted.Item ASOCIACIÓN DE LOS GRUPOS SANGUÍNEOS ABO Y RHESUS A PATOLOGÍAS CRÓNICAS EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE LOS CENTROS GERONTOLÓGICOS VIDA A LOS AÑOS Y SAN JOAQUÍN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Pinto Demera, Maria de los Angeles; Pérez Laborde, Elena JohannaChronic diseases are one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide; Blood groups, ABO and Rh, are biological variables capable of influencing susceptibility to these diseases. The main objective of this research is to relate the ABO and Rh system to the chronic diseases suffered by the residents of the “Vida a los Años” and “San Joaquín” Gerontolog i c al Centers, in the period March – April 2024. The population is made up of 75 older adults belonging to these geriatric centers, the tube agglutination test was used to observe the reaction of the different whole blood samples of the patients, in addition a checklist was applied to their medical records to collect their data and thus Previous and current chronic pathologies were identified and recorded. Of the 75 samples, 46 belong to group O, 19 to group B and 10 to group A, all of which had a positive Rh factor. In determining the association between the variables, a positive correlation was considered between patients with blood type A+ and the development of osteoporosis, with a p value of 0.024 (binary logistic regression), blood group B+ and type 2 diabetes mellitus. with a p value p 0.001 (binary logistic regression), and O+ blood group and arterial hypertension with a p value p 0.05 (binary logistic regression). It was concluded that the ABO and Rh system is related to three chronic diseases already diagnosed among residents of gerontological centers, which were osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure.Item Intervención de enfermería en la movilidad física en adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermeria, 2024-05-01) Romero Mejía, Daniela Alejandra; Espín López, Valeria Isabel Md. Mg.Induction: Older adults go through a series of physiological changes, making loss of physical, psychological and cognitive functions common in this population, mostly causing dependency to perform activities in basic daily life. This condition makes older adults fragile and prone to any type of fall leading to disability, increased hospitalisation and even death, therefore, exercise is the best prevention tool. Objective: To determine the effect of nursing intervention on the deterioration of physical mobility in older adults. Methods: Quantitative approach, quasi-experimental design with correlational scope. The population consisted of 70 older adults, the sample was chosen by inclusion and exclusion criteria, data collection was by the Barthel index and the battery (SPPB); subsequently data tabulation was carried out using the SPSS statistical programme. The research was framed within the bioethical aspects established in the declaration of Helsinki. Results: Older adults prone to frailty are women, who improved their condition from frail to pre-frail, using the Otago exercise programme. Conclusions: Nursing interventions are of utmost importance as care plans can be designed, ensuring a better quality of life.Item Estrategias de musicoterapia para disminuir el riesgo suicida en adultos mayores en situación vulnerabilidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-03-26) Paredes Guevara, Mónica Jacqueline; Escobar Parra, Norma Dalinda