Ciencias de la Salud
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Item PERFIL DE RESISTENCIA ANTIMICROBIANA EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS CON INFECCIÓN URINARIA QUE ACUDAN AL HOSPITAL BÁSICO SAN MARCOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-03) Coello Barahona, Glenda Patricia; Chicaiza Tayupanta, JesúsThe proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract is a distinctive feature of urinary tract infection in pregnant women. Physiological changes linked to pregnancy increase the likelihood of complications that can have a significant impact on both the mother and the fetus. The present research aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profile in pregnant women with urinary tract infection who attend the San Marcos Basic Hospital. The study had a mixed approach, observational and descriptive, integrating qualitative elements accompanied by a bibliographic review of digital repositories, books, scientific articles, journals, websites, among others; and quantitative that allowed the recording of the results of the urine cultures of the 100 pregnant women who attended the San Marcos Basic Hospital during the period August 2023 - January 2024. Regarding the results, the following findings were reported: the main causal agent of urinary tract infections was the Escherichia coli bacteria. (65%), followed by Escherichia coli ESBL productive strain (9%), Klebsiella aerogenes (7%), Proteus Mirabilis (7%), and Enterobacter cloacae (3%). The antimicrobial resistance patterns for E. coli were Ampicillin and Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (70%), Escherichia coli. ESBL, with resistance to Ampicillin, Cefuroxime, Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Ampicillin/sulbactam, Ceftazidime, and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80%); for Klebsiella Pneumoniae it presented resistance to Ampicillin (84%) and Gentamicin (67%); Proteus Mirabilis had resistance to Amikacin and Cefuroxime (50%), and resistance to Ampicillin and Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim with 90%. Finally, resistance to Enterobacter Cloacae was Ampicillin and Norfoflaxin Ceftazidime (100%) and Cefuroxime and Clarithromycin (50%). The study concludes that, in the San Marcos Basic Hospital, an adequate use of antibiotics should be carried out, in addition to evaluating the use of antibiotics in pregnant patients who present a urinary tract infection; and how the medical staff requires information related to sensitivity and resistance, so that this can be permanently socialized.Item FACTORES DE RIESGOS DE CONTAGIO DE TUBERCULOSIS EN PERSONAS ADULTAS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-29) Velazque Coyachamin, Bethy Margoth; Moyano Calero, Willian EudrillirIntroduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious condition caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which has a main impact on the respiratory system. This disease can be transmitted relatively easily from one individual to another through the air, especially when a person with active tuberculosis coughs, expels phlegm or sneezes. Objective: This study focused on seeking relevant information on risk factors for tuberculosis infection in adults, to provide a deeper understanding of this disease and its determinants. Methodology: To achieve this objective, the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) were used, which consisted of carrying out a systematic review of the scientific literature, rigorously following the steps defined by PRISMA. Results: These revealed that socioeconomic factors such as low income and lack of formal education bring a higher risk of tuberculosis. Furthermore, it will be noted that cigarette smoking and drug use gave a significant risk of tuberculosis. In addition, there is evidence of an uneven geographic distribution of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB), as well as the importance of coinfection with HIV and comorbidities such as diabetes in the risk of tuberculosis. Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity of factors influencing tuberculosis in adults, as the interplay between medical, social, and environmental factors underscores the need for comprehensive, personalized approaches to disease prevention and treatment.Item Volumen plaquetario medio y su estrecha relación con infecciones sépticas hospitalarias(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Urvina Paredes, Stephanie Pamela; Rosero Freire, Daniela AlexandraLcda. Mg.Objective: To determine the mean platelet volume (MPV) and its close relationship with hospital septic infections by means of a literature review. Materials and Methods: Information sources available in the Pubmed, Medicgraphic and SciELO databases were consulted, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. Publications in both English and Spanish were included, with a maximum of 5 years prior to the topic of interest. Results and Discussion: Original articles analyzing neonatal and adult populations with sepsis were analyzed. Neonatal populations reflected an elevated MPV value in the first 24 hours proving to be an early predictive marker in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, while studies of adult populationsreflected a much higher MPV in septic patients who subsequently died relative to those who survived, also being considered a predictor of mortality. Conclusion: It is evident that MPV is closely related to sepsis as it rises progressively during infection, constituting a biomarker of early prediction and poor prognosis in sepsis.Item Elaboración y Ejecución del manual para la toma de Cultivo de tejido de úlceras de pie diabético en el servicio de Cirugía Vascular del Hospital General Latacunga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10) Herrera Durán, Magaly Johana Lcda.; Brito Zambrano, Johana Susana Med. Esp.Introduction Infections are one of the usual complications of diabetic foot, a risk factor for amputation and the most frequent cause of extended stay of these patients, the diagnosis is very important as well as the identification of the microorganism and the patient's clinic (Segovia -Coronel et al., 2017). The importance of implementing the manual for taking diabetic foot ulcer tissue crop samples helped to improve order in practical activities and standardize the documentation associated with all processes, in addition to reducing errors that could confuse an eventual medical diagnosis. Objective. To implement a manual for taking tissue crop samples from ulcers in patients diagnosed with diabetic foot in the Vascular Surgery Service of the Latacunga General Hospital. Methodology This study is a non-experimental, cross-sectional, observational design, due to the fact that data will be collected in a certain time without intervening in the environment where the collection and processing of crop samples of swabs/ulcer tissue in patients will be carried out. Diagnosis of diabetic foot of the Angiology service of the General Hospital of Latacunga. The results obtained an increase of 31.11% in successfully processed samples thanks to the application of the manual, reaching 88.89% of adequate samples for the proper microbiological study (40 samples), thereby improving clinical diagnosis and contributing to correct antibiotic treatment. Conclusion The constant training of all the health personnel involved in the process of taking samples of diabetic foot ulcer tissue crop samples, is of great importance, in addition to the sequential updating of the elaborated manual.Item Proyecto de intervención al uso de antibióticos en pacientes adultos del servicio de hospitalización del Hospital Básico el Puyo.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Défaz Miranda, Silvana Marisol, Lcda.; Inca Torres, Alberto Renato, BqF. PhDThe inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, the poor control of nosocomial infections increases the development of resistance mechanisms, reducing therapeutic possibilities and increasing hospital stay. Infections caused by resistant bacteria are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment, triggering the appearance of outbreaks at the hospital level. Due to this, in the present study it was proposed to rationalize the adequate use of antibiotics in the Puyo Basic Hospital in adult patients. This was done using a scientific methodology with a quantitative and quasi- experimental approach, through which the database was reviewed in the SPSS program and the entire population of hospitalized patients aged between 20 and 40 years was studied in a period of January until June 2021. It was obtained that Staphylococcus presents resistance against the antibiotic oxacillin with 76.2%. 100% of Gram-negative microorganisms are resistant to ampicillin, 88.8% are resistant to ampicillin sulbactam, 77.8% are resistant to cephalothin and 61.1% are resistant to sulfatrimetropim. Escherichia coli 27.7% are ESBL-producing bacteria. Finally, the factors that predispose to the inappropriate use of antibiotics were evaluated, it was proposed to adopt timely corrective measures, especially in those antibiotics that exceed 30% in relation to resistance.Item “Identificación de agentes bacterianos causantes de infecciones de oído y su relación con la resistencia a los antimicrobianos”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2018-02-01) Arias Negrete, María Fernanda.; Tabares Rosero, Lourdes Gioconda Dra. Mg.The aim of the present study was to identify the bacterial agents that cause ear infections and their relationship with antimicrobial resistance for which a descriptive, transversal study is proposed, where bacteria were identified present in the ear secretion samples from patients using protocols established by CLSI and also bacterial resistance using the Kirby-Bauer antibiogram method. The 55 patients who participated in the study were in the age range between 18 to 55 years. From cultured samples the isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus epidermidis with a percentage of 62.0%, Staphylococcus aureus with a percentage of 32.0% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a percentage of 6.0%. By relating the bacteria identified with ear infections we can say that Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomona aeruginosa are considered pathogenic bacteria and Staphylococcus epidermidis is considered a normal ear microbiota. It is possible to indicate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the only one that presents resistance to the antimicrobials of habitual use to the ear treatment infections.Item “Púrpura de Henoch Schonlein en paciente pediátrico en relación a la atención de Enfermeria”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermeria, 2017-06-01) Manzano Quisimalín, Devora Estefanía; Barreno Sánchez, Sergio Teodomiro Dr.The purpose of this study was to analyze the evolution of Henoch Schonlein Púrpura by collecting data with structured instruments to identify the main critical points and establish improvement opportunities focused on Nursing care that help improve quality of life. The following analysis is about a 5-year-old male patient who is admitted to the pediatric service of the Ambato Teaching Provincial Hospital with a diagnosis of Púrpura de Henoch Schonlein, within the data obtained from the mother, history Clinic and home visits that was made can be determined that through the visit mother refers to the patient days before presented problems of infection of the respiratory tract so that when related to the literature could be the triggers. In this case analysis is used in a detailed way the evolution of the pathology, because the disease is worked for the care of the family from the knowledge of the disease to the present. In this Clinical Case Analysis the descriptive method was used to describe each of the stages in which the Pathology evolved, the Documentary-Bibliographic method to detect and deepen different aspects related to Pathology. With everything gathered, a guide is proposed to improve the patient's quality of life.Item Personalidad y Riesgo de Exposición a una Infección por VIH en Adolescentes Homosexuales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Psicología Clínica, 2016-10-01) García López, Franklin Anderson; Abril Lucero, Gabriela Lorena .Ps. Cl. MgThis research identified the global dimension of personality and relationship with the risk of exposure to HIV infection in 40 adolescent gay men, members of the Association SILHOUETTE X TILGB AMBATO, between 18 and 24 years old living in the city Ambato. The first test used was the "personality test 16 factors" and moreover, the "test for evaluating exposure HIV infection" was used. It was found that no personality is related to the risk of exposure to HIV infection in gay teens, so anyone is at risk of contracting the infection very independent type of personality you have. The global dimension of personality that stood out was "hardness" expressed by the tendency to be cold and inflexible in their interpersonal relationships, resistant to change, objective, practical, attached to the traditional type. The level of risk of exposure to HIV infection that prevailed was a medium risk. The average gay teens age with minimal risk of infection was 20 years, the average age for those who obtained an average risk of infection was 20.9 years, and finally to those who obtained a higher level of risk of infection average age was 21.9 years.Item Calidad de la atención al Paciente con Vih en el Nivel Primario de Salud(2016-10-01) Morales Stacey, Evelin Tamara; Mullo Guaminga, Guido Edgar Dr. Esp.HIV / AIDS is the set of immunologic and virologic phenomena that develop from the time a person becomes infected until viremia and count in peripheral blood CD4 stabilize. The set of signs and symptoms that may occur during the primary infection (PI) is known as acute retroviral syndrome (SRA), cousin symptomatic infection or acute HIV infection / AIDS. The primary infection is followed by a long period usually clinically silent, known as asymptomatic phase. The most common symptoms are fever, maculopapular rash, mouth ulcers, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, pharyngitis, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, and myalgias lymphocytic meningitis. The greater or lesser severity of this process has implications with unfavorable prognosis, so that patients with more intense and longer clinical symptoms progression of HIV / AIDS tends to be faster. Male patient 32 years of age, black race, security guard occupation, marital status cohabiting, born in Quito and resident Puyo - Pastaza 10 years ago, go to the health center for a year and a half presenting unquantified fever, coughing color greenish diarrhea accompanied by several times about 8 days ago evolution. Physical examination: oral mucous oropharynx semihumid, congestive, purulent, so Tonsillopharyngitis prescribing doctor diagnosed as antibiotic therapy and sends perform additional tests, among them VDRL and HIV / AIDS (rapid test). Following this patient comes to health center at 3 days, where reported results of reactive VDRL and HIV / AIDS (rapid test) positive, for which physician indicates that send reference to Hospital General Puyo and must first end their treatment for diagnostic Tonsillopharyngitis. Patient comes to health center within 15 days, indicating that goes by reference to the hospital in question, where they indicate that the attending physician days ago no longer works in that health unit, because there was change of rural doctor established by the Ministry Public Health, so agendan turn with new doctor; patient reports in consultation persisting with diarrheal symptoms without apparent cause more weight loss and mentioned that he was going to make reference to the Hospital General Puyo for diagnosis of HIV / AIDS (rapid test), this health area is treated with antibiotic therapy more antiparasitic. Physical examination: Blood pressure: 106/60 mm / Hg, heart rate: 70 beats per minute, Respiration Rate: 20 breaths per minute, Weight 63 kg Height: 1.63 meters, BMI 23.7 kg / m2, skin: normal, oropharynx: no oral mucosal congestive semihumid, heart rhythm, no murmurs, lungs breath sounds preserved, not superadded noise, abdomen soft, depressible, painless to superficial or deep palpation, lymph nodes: BTE lymphadenopathy. Therefore reference is made by the clinic antecedent diagnosis of HIV / AIDS (rapid test) positive at the General Hospital Puyo; where it is consulted, adequate assessment of the background especially sex life finding risk factors is done to sexually transmitted infections, so rapid test is performed (chromatography) on two occasions for HIV / AIDS positive result. Following this request to the Confirmatory test (WESTERN BLOT), where positive research reports antibody against HIV / AIDS. Operation is initiated to determine treatment and when the treatment antirrretroviral patient.Item Atención Integral de enfermería a paciente con Osteomielitis de Tibia derecha(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Enfermería, 2016-10) Lagla Chicaiza, Libia Paulina; Iza Anguisaca, Freddy Bayardo. Dr. Esp.This analysis of clinical case aimed to analyze the evolution patient with acute osteomyelitis in right tibia, is done considering that this disease is very complex in terms of its treatment of long healing in the integrity of the affected limb, it is importance of knowledge of this disease because it can affect any age mainly in childhood and usually has hematogenous spread, sometimes associated with trauma. In most cases, the major etiological agent is Staphylococcus aureus. It has been suggested by collecting structured data to identify the main critical points that triggered this disease instruments. In this analysis the case of a female patient of 11 years of age detailed the same as that acquired acute osteomyelitis disease since he fell on his knee that was not treated, not taking much. This important disease had an appearance sudden and although initially presented with pain and mild swelling as the days passed this unbearable pain intensified to information was collected from the onset of the disease until the present time, the evolution of the disease is detailed, an assessment of complete nursing is done and interventions arises to facilitate the care and improvement of quality of life, it has been linked with a theorizing nursing to expand knowledge according to the needs for the patient. We used a descriptive methodology, as it relates the primary and triggering features of acute osteomyelitis allowing new methods in nursing interventions to provide quality care and warmth, in which field research takes data directly from the reality in which facts a bibliographical and documentary research have occurred, likewise, because it is based on the search, analysis, interpretation of information from books, brochures, magazines and mainly medical records, which will support and greater accuracy to study. To achieve this goal an alternative guide nursing was developed for the caregiver in the management of care for patients with acute osteomyelitis, which is aimed at the patient and family about behaviors and care to follow maintenance for optimal lifestyle.