Ciencias de la Salud

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    PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN
    (2025-06-17) Amaya Criollo, Lisbeth Estefania; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
    Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis represents a public health problem, since they are infections that occur by the ingestion of protozoan cysts, eggs or worm larvae, these are transmitted by the consumption of water or food contaminated with fecal matter, from person to person or from animals to humans, the social factors that influence are poverty, geographic condition, infrastructure of health services, education and lifestyle. Objective: To determine intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative research approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope, with a population of 46 children and adolescents from the Salcedo Canton of the Jardín del Edén Foundation. Information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and coproparasitic examination. Results: Of the total of 46 children and adolescents it was evident that according to the BMI/Age 67.4% were normal and 32.5% with malnutrition (due to deficit and excess), also 82.6% were found with parasitosis, with protozoa predominating 96.5% over helminths 3.5%, of which the greatest predominance was in the female sex 43.5%, the main species found were: Amoeba coli cyst 30.6%, amoeba histolytica 28.3% and giardia lamblia 15.3%. Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents in this research has nothing to do with malnutrition, because some of them had a normal nutritional status and despite that they had parasitosis.
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    CONOCIMIENTOS DE HIGIENE PERSONAL DEL LAVADO DE MANOS EN ADOLESCENTES
    (2025-06-17) Moreta Moreta Nancy Marlene; Mejías De Duarte Marianela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
    Introduction: Personal hygiene is a health care practice that includes habits of caring for and cleaning human body parts in order to increase vitality and maintain good health. Objective: To describe the personal hygiene knowledge of handwashing in adolescents in an Ecuadorian community. Methods: The research has a quantitative approach, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive design. The present study was carried out in the province of Tungurahua, Pelileo canton, Chiquicha Centro Parish, during the period MaySeptember 2024. The study population was in early adolescence. A 15- question questionnaire with three possible alternatives was applied. The instrument had a reliability of (KR-20), 0.811. The ethical aspects were met. Results: 53% male and 47% female. It was evident that 54.5% of the adolescents had a medium level of knowledge, after the educational talk 56.1% of the adolescents had a high level. Conclusions: Learning the proper technique and recommended time for handwashing is an effective strategy to reduce illness and limit the proliferation of microorganisms. The incorporation of practical activities and periodic reinforcements could strengthen and maintain the acquired knowledge, promoting a lasting hygiene habit that contributes to the prevention of illnesses in the long term.
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    LA DEPENDENCIA EMOCIONAL Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL AUTOCONTROL EN ADOLESCENTES
    (2025-03-06) Arteaga Gallo, Viviana Nathaly; Bonilla Basantes, Paulina Jhojana; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Psicología Clínica
    Emotional dependency is characterized as a persistent and excessive emotional attachment to another individual, often linked to low self-esteem that conceals underlying emotional deficiencies. In contrast, self-control refers to an individual's capacity to be aware of their emotions and actions, allowing them to regulate impulses and make deliberate decisions in daily life and social contexts. This study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional dependency and self-control in adolescents. A quantitative, correlational, non-experimental, and cross-sectional research design was adopted. The study utilized the Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (CDE) and the Brief Self-Control Scale (EAC-A) to assess the participants. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was applied, resulting in a sample of 154 adolescents aged 16 to 18 years. The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between emotional dependency and self-control. Furthermore, the analysis indicated a predominance of low self-control and high levels of emotional dependency among the adolescents. No statistically significant differences were observed in emotional dependency levels based on gender. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that higher levels of emotional dependency are associated with lower self-control in adolescents.
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    APLICACIÓN DE LA PRUEBA DE PROVOCACIÓN BRONQUIAL CON EJERCICIO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES
    (2025-02-27) Ramos Meneses, Jonathan Jeziel; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia
    Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases in childhood and adolescence. It is characterized by inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity, which trigger bronchoconstriction and airway obstructions. This condition represents a significant public health issue due to its impact on emergency services, hospitalizations, and school absenteeism. In Ecuador, previous studies have revealed a prevalence of asthma symptoms in adolescents but a low rate of diagnosis, suggesting possible underdiagnosis and insufficient control of the condition. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common manifestation in patients with uncontrolled asthma and can be assessed through provocation tests, such as the Exercise-Induced Bronchial Provocation Test (EIBPT). This study aims to evaluate the bronchial response to the EIBPT in Ecuadorian children and adolescents to contribute to a better understanding of asthma in this population. This non-experimental, descriptive, observational study was conducted on 25 students aged 8 to 17 years without a prior asthma diagnosis. Participants underwent the EIBPT on a treadmill. The criterion for a positive result was set at a decrease in VEF1 %, observed in only 4% of the 25 participants. The low prevalence of EIB in this sample suggests that, in Ecuadorian children and adolescents without a prior asthma diagnosis, exercise does not induce significant bronchoconstriction, ruling out the existence of an asthma underdiagnosis.
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    EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA Y ALTERACIONES EMOCIONALES EN ADOLESCENTES
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Pushug Pérez, Angellisa; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando
    Introduction: Adolescence is a period characterized by physiological, psychological and behavioral changes, which can cause malnutrition with repercussions on the emotional state. Objective: Describe the anthropometric evaluation and emotional alterations in adolescents. Methods: research with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design and cross-sectional. It was carried out in Ecuador, Ambato, during September 2023-February 2024. The population consisted of 49 students from the Intercultural Bilingual Educational Unit of the Province of Chimborazo, aged between 12-14. Anthropometric evaluation and application of structured and validated psychological questionnaires were carried out. Results: There was a predominance in the following variables: in low weight anthropometry: 11 men aged 13.2±1.0, weight 42.5±7.9 kg, height 1.54±0.08 m, BMI 17.6±1.5 kg/m2, waist circumference 69.5±3.7 cm, hip circumference 82.1±5.9 cm and WHR 0.85±0.05. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 showed partially inadequate and inadequate eating habits. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 had a regular and low level of physical activity. In internalizing problems: abnormal emotional symptoms (12.24%) in women aged 13 and in men aged 14. Social withdrawal: borderline level (12.24%) in women aged 12 and in men aged 13. In externalizing: abnormal behavior problems (16.32%) in women aged 12 and 14, normal hyperactivity (16.32%) in women aged 12. On the abnormal prosocial scale (18.36%) in women aged 12 and 14. In the level of depression: 14.29% at 14 years of age in men was mild. In normal weight, adolescents with internalizing problems represented 24.49% in women aged 14 and externalizing problems in underweight adolescents was 20.41% in men aged 14 as well. Conclusions: The highest frequency was evident in adolescents with low weight, abnormal emotional symptoms, borderline social withdrawal, abnormal prosocial scale, normal weight adolescents at 14 years of age, women with internalizing problems, and low weight in men aged 14 with externalizing problems.
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    CONOCIMIENTOS Y ACTITUDES SOBRE EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL EN ADOLESCENTES DE UNA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA DE SALCEDO, ECUADOR
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-29) Remache Acosta, Erick Adrian; Rojas Conde, Luis Geovanny
    Introduction: Assessing adolescents' knowledge and attitudes about sexuality is essential to promote their health and well-being, which requires valuable information about their externalized understanding of sexuality and issues such as anatomy, contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, and healthy relationships. Objective: Identify the knowledge and attitudes regarding sexual education in adolescents Method: A quantitative, non-experimental, crosssectional, descriptive cohort research was conducted to detect the main sexual education needs of 136 high school students from an educational unit in Salcedo, Ecuador. For this purpose, the Sexuality Knowledge Questionnaire and the Adolescent Sexual Attitudes Test were applied. Results: The study found that 56% of the students have a high level of knowledge in sexuality education, while 2% of the adolescents have a low level. At the same time, the study highlights that 20% have negative attitudes, while 80% of adolescents have positive attitudes towards sexuality, reflecting an environment of acceptance. The aim is to level and identify barriers and stigmas that affect sexual behaviors and decisions, as well as to change negative and uninformed attitudes for healthy and respectful behaviors. Conclusion: Assessing this knowledge and attitudes is essential to prevent risks related to adolescent sexual and reproductive health, such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. It also contributes to empowering adolescents to make informed and responsible decisions to achieve wellness in their lives.
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    Estilos de crianza y resiliencia en adolescentes indígenas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-03-01) Toaquiza Basantes, Grace Mishell; Gavilanes Gómez, Guillermo Daniel Psi. Cl. Mg.
    La familia juega un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de habilidades personales y sociales considerado como un precedente para procesos y respuestas ante situaciones emergentes, en este contexto la práctica de crianza presenta modelos de educación que se pueden aplicar dentro del hogar; por otra parte, la resiliencia se define como aquella capacidad que modera el afecto negativo ante situaciones difíciles fomentando la adaptación. El objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar la relación entre los estilos de crianza y resiliencia en adolescentes indígenas de entre 12 a 17 años, para lo cual se utilizó una muestra de 113 estudiantes. La investigación tuvo un enfoqué cuantitativo por lo que se utilizó la “Escala de estilos de crianza de Steinberg” adaptada por Merino 2004 y la” Escala de resiliencia de Wagnild y Young” adaptada por Novella 2002. Además, tuvo un diseño no experimental descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal. Los resultados obtenidos determinaron la existencia de una correlación positiva leve entre las dimensiones compromiso y ecuanimidad, compromiso y perseverancia, compromiso y el puntaje total de resiliencia.
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    Afrontamiento al estrés académico y su relación con la impulsividad en adolescentes
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-03-01) Páez Lucina, Jelani Oderay; Vásquez de la Bandera Cabezas, Fabricio Alejandro Ps. Cl. Mg.
    Introducción: El estrés académico ha sido considerado como uno de los principa l es problemas de salud psicológica a nivel mundial en adolescentes y jóvenes, el cual en ocasiones conlleva consecuencias como la impulsividad. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre afrontamiento al estrés académico e impulsividad en una muestra de 115 adolescentes (57% mujeres y 33% hombres). Métodos: Enfoque cuantitativo, a su vez, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance correlacional. Se utilizó la escala de Afrontamiento al estrés académico (a-cea), del Dr. Ramón Cabanach (2008), versión Argentina por Godino, 2016 y la Escala de impulsividad de Barrat (BIS 11) del Dr. Ernest Barrat (1959), adaptación chilena por Salvo & Castro en el año 2013. Resultados: Se halló una correlación negativa leve entre ciertos factores de las variables estudiadas. Del mismo modo se identificó una media de 70.1 en el total de afrontamiento y una de 55.4 en el total de impulsividad de los participantes. Así mismo, en la comparación de medias por dimensiones de impulsividad según el género, no se hallaron diferencias significati va s entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: Se determinó que un adecuado afrontamiento al estrés académico es un factor protector ante la presencia de impulsividad en adolescent es ; es decir, a mayor capacidad de afrontamiento, menores niveles de impulsividad.
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    Desregulación emocional y su relación con la autoeficacia en adolescentes
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-03-01) Lozada Miranda, Ana Lucía; Valencia Cepeda, María Cristina Ps. Cl. Mst.
    The effects of emotional dysregulation can affect perceived self-efficacy and in turn interfere with individuals' adaptive behaviors, especially in adolescence, being a stage marked by change. For this reason, the current study focuses on the connection between both variables in this population. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between emotional dysregulation and self-efficacy in adolescents. The study has a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional research design. Adolescents from public and private educational institutions who were studying between ninth and third year of high school participated in the study. It was determined that there is a negative correlation between emotional dysregulation and self-efficacy. The sample presents high scores in emotional regulation and high self-efficacy; regarding the difference by sex in the emotional dysregulation variable, it was determined that women have greater difficulty in emotional regulation. In addition, it was determined that the higher the emotional dysregulation, the lower the self-efficacy and vice versa.
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    Tolerancia a la frustración y su relación con la impulsividad en adolescentes
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-03-01) Curay Sinchiguano, Anderson Stephen; Céspedes Guachamboza, Danilo Alejandro Psc. Cl. Mg.
    Adolescence is a stage characterized by physical, psychological and social changes that mark the transition to adulthood, which demand internal resources such as tolerance to frustration whose absence would facilitate the presence of impulsivity as to react quickly and unpredictably, being necessary the development of a study that explains the relationship between these variables. To determine the relationship between tolerance to frustration and impulsivity. The methodology is quantitative, non-experimental, with a cross-sectional, correlational scope. Questionnaires were used; the Frustration Tolerance Scale (ETF) and the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the city of Latacunga-Ecuador. An inverse correlation (-0.451 p< .001) was found between frustration tolerance and impulsivity, and a statistically significant difference (-5.16(325); p< .001), with males having a higher frustration tolerance. In addition, low scores in impulsivity were observed with the prevalence of motor impulsivity. Tolerance to frustration and impulsivity are negatively related, that is, if there is greater tolerance to frustration adolescents present lower impulsivit