Ciencias de la Salud
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Item TERAPIA CON TEJIDO ADIPOSO PARA LA REPARACIÓN Y REGENERACIÓN DE TEJIDOS AFECTADOS POR QUEMADURAS TÉRMICAS: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE SU POTENCIAL CURATIVO(2025-06-25) Toapanta Maisanche, Pamela Lizbeth; Batista Castro, Zenia; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaItem CIRUGÍA REFRACTIVA COMO UNA OPCIÓN TERAPÉUTICA PARA LA CORRECCIÓN DE LA MIOPÍA(2025-06-19) Molina Vilca, Daniela Belen; Mendoza Rodríguez, Saimara María; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaRefractive surgery is a technique for ophthalmologic treatments that seeks to minimize or correct the level of refractive errors such as myopia. Currently, techniques such as LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis), PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy), and SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) are used to reduce these conditions. In LASIK treatment, a laser is used to create a flap in the cornea and remodel the underlying tissue, which is very fast. For PRK, the epithelium of the cornea is removed and then the corneal tissue is remodeled with a laser. For SMILE, a lenticule is created within the cornea, which is generally removed through a small incision. In this context, the efficacy and safety of refractive surgery as a therapeutic option to correct myopia is described. The development method used was a bibliographic review of 35 bibliographic sources (articles, theses) that were previously selected in the web databases Google Scholar, PudMed, Science Direct, Ophthalmology Journals, and the use of the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". With an initial search of 664 possible references to be selected, which were filtered through inclusion/exclusion criteria. The SMILE method proved to be the one with the best recovery speed levels and a lower incidence of post-operative problems. In the case of LASIK and PRK, effective long-term results were found in both, with LASIK being the most precise, however, PRK requires longer recovery times since it presents a greater number of post-operative problems, and it is very specific for people with thin corneas.Item NEUROPLASTICIDAD CEREBRAL: EN LA REHABILITACIÓN NEUROLÓGICA DE PACIENTES DESPUÉS DE ACCIDENTES CEREBRO VASCULARES (ACV): UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-06-19) Guangasig Escobar, José Javier; Estrada Zamora, Esmeralda Maricela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaBrain neuroplasticity is a fundamental characteristic of the brain to adapt to challenging situations such as going through a stroke (ACV). Short and long-term stroke causes a wide variety of sequelae ranging from cognitive to motor skills. Under this scenario, the present research proposes as a general objective to perform an analysis of the current scientific evidence on the role of brain neuroplasticity in the rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a stroke. The method used was a bibliographic review of 30 articles published in different web databases, finding results only in (Google scholar, Science Direct, MedlinePlus, Dialnet, Institutional Repositories). The use of the Boolean operators “AND”, “OR” was used, using combinations such as: “Neuropaslticity AND stroke rehabilitation”, “Neuroplasticidad cerebral AND ACV”, “Stroke AND brain plasticity AND rehabilitation”; “Rehabilitación neurológica AND ataque cerebrovascular”, “Functional recovery AND neurplasticity AND stroke”, the same group of combinations was used for the OR operator. Proceeding to read the summary of those that were previously selected, inclusion/exclusion factors, quality/validity, and relevance of the different studies found were used. Among the main findings found, it is reflected that the use of various techniques is necessary for adequate functional recovery. Cognitive stimulation, virtual advance technologies, brain-computer interfaces, exercises and, above all, timely and early diagnoses. In addition, pharmacotherapy also stands out within these tools, even reflecting that the combination of them is viable.Item ANÁLISIS CLÍNICO Y AVANCES EN EL TRATAMIENTO EN EL PINZAMIENTO FEMOROACETABULAR: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-06-19) Vizcaino Balseca, Kerly Celeste; Garay Villamar, Daniel Gustavo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaFemoroacetabular impingement (PFA) is a structural alteration of the hip characterized by abnormal contact between the femoral head and the acetabulum, causing pain and restriction of movement, with the risk of osteoarthritis, especially in young people and athletes. An electronic search was carried out for scientific articles published from January 2018 to 2024 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO databases. The PFA is classified into CAM, Pincer and mixed. The CAM variant involves an irregular femoral head that generates friction; the Pinza, acetabular overcoverage that limits movement; and the mixed, the combination of both. Its diagnosis includes symptoms, physical examination and imaging studies, where MRI and x-ray are key. Initial treatment is conservative (physiotherapy and analgesia), but if symptoms persist or there is progression of damage, surgery is required. Hip arthroscopy is preferred for its lower morbidity and faster recovery compared to open surgery, although the choice depends on the structural damage and the experience of the surgeon. In conclusion, the treatment of AFP must be adapted to each patient. While conservative approaches control initial pain, surgery, especially arthroscopy, is the best option to restore functionality and avoid complications. In advanced cases it should be carefully evaluated, since the prognosis may be limited.Item ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL: RELACIÓN CON LA ENFERMEDAD CELIACA Y DESNUTRICIÓN(2025-06-19) Maridueña Paredes, Lizbeth Sarahi; Torres Torres, Johny Mauricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaThe aim was to determine the association between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with celiac disease and malnutrition. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, Dialnet, Google Scholar, SciELO and Elsevier. Studies published between 2020 and 2024 in Spanish and English, which analysed the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with celiac disease, were included. The selection of studies was carried out through a threephase process: review of titles and abstracts, evaluation of the full text and final data extraction. The results revealed an intestinal dysbiosis characterised by a significant reduction in beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria (Bacteroides and Escherichia coli). These microbial alterations are not only a consequence of celiac disease, but play a fundamental role in its development. Microbial changes were identified up to 18 months before clinical manifestation, suggesting their potential as an early biomarker. Factors such as antibiotic use, birth route and type of feeding significantly influence the composition of the microbiota. In conclusion, the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease and malnutrition. Microbial alterations compromise nutrient absorption, modify the immune response and affect intestinal permeability. Emerging therapeutic strategies focus on microbiota modulation through probiotics, prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, representing a promising approach for the management of these conditions.Item PROCESO DE ATENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA EN UN PACIENTE CON OSTEOGÉNESIS IMPERFECTA(2026-07-20) Taipe Guala, Evelyn Yolanda; Macias Ferreiro, Karina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is known as “crystal bones” one of the genetic disorders that causes bone fragility due to mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene which affects the structure and function of collagen I. Objective: To apply the nursing care process in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta from the province of Cotopaxi in the canton of Salcedo, parish of Mulalillo in the community of Chirinche Bajo. Methods: Clinical case of a 13-year-old girl who was diagnosed with OI since she was 5 years old, the information extracted was described taking into account prenatal and natal history, signs and symptoms. The Nursing Assessment Guide based on Marjory Gordon's Functional Patterns for pediatric users and the NANDA taxonomy for the elaboration of nursing diagnoses, NOC taxonomy (results) and NIC taxonomy (interventions) were applied. Results: Four main diagnoses were identified: nutritional imbalance, self-care deficit, impaired physical mobility, and social isolation. An individualized care plan based on NOC results was implemented, focusing on improving nutritional status, promoting health, and adapting to physical disability. Through NIC interventions, diet was optimized and adapted physical activities were encouraged, which decreased social anxiety and improved the patient's social integration. Conclusions: The implementation of the NANDA, NOC, NIC taxonomies, and Marjory Gordon functional patterns, allowed the design of an individualized and holistic care plan for the patient's health status.Item ALFABETIZACIÓN EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA EN SALUD. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(2025-06-19) Cedeño Toapanta, Cindy Belen; Herrera López, José Luis; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Health literacy refers to "the social and cognitive skills that determine the ability of health personnel to access, understand and use information in a way that allows them to involve patients in their own care in order to develop skills that foster self-care behaviors for the control of their health, greater ability to follow their treatments and interpret alarm signs and symptoms, and thus be able to prevent risk factors. Objective: To analyze literacy in primary health care, based on a systematic review. Materials and methods: A research document was used under the systematic review modality, compiling information from databases: Google Scholar, Pudmed, SciELO, using descriptors such as: "literacy in nursing", "literacy in primary health care". In Spanish, English and Portuguese between 2020 and 2024. Results: Literacy in primary care should be further promoted to promote care, prevent diseases and motivate the population to fulfill their obligations with the aim of maintaining their health status in good conditions. Conclusions: It has been evidenced that having the ability to become literate has an impact on people and also on the community due to the fact that personal empowerment is acquired, this is not only a challenge for the patient but also for the health staff especially the nursing staff since they are in charge of accompanying and explaining the patient at all times.Item PRÁCTICAS DE ENFERMERÍA COMO ESTRATEGIA PARA MEJORAR LA FOTOTERAPIA EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE ICTERICIA NEONATAL(2025-06-19) Chusin Pallo, Mercy Soraya; Chileno Camacho, Luis Felipe; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition that affects a large number of newborns, with phototherapy being the treatment of choice. Nursing practices play a crucial role in the effectiveness of this treatment. Objective: Determine the impact of nursing practices on the effectiveness of phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PRISMA method. Articles published between 2019 and 2024 in English, Spanish and Portuguese, related to nursing practices in neonatal phototherapy, were included. The search was carried out in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo and Dialnet. Results: The studies analyzed revealed that transcutaneous bilirubinometry is a useful tool for non-invasive monitoring, although it must be complemented with laboratory measurements in complex cases. The combination of techniques such as massage and position changes with phototherapy improves the effectiveness of the treatment. Education and support for parents are essential to reduce stress and improve treatment adherence. Home phototherapy, with adequate supervision, is presented as a safe and effective alternative to hospital treatment. Conclusion: Well-implemented, evidence-based nursing practices have a significant positive impact on the effectiveness of phototherapy, improving clinical outcomes and the overall experience of patients and their families in the treatment of neonatal jaundice.Item PERFIL HEMATOLOGICO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICION(2025-06-19) Caisa Chalan Jessenia Lizbeth; Chasillacta Amores Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: The hematological profile is a key diagnostic tool to assess the effects of malnutrition, revealing common abnormalities such as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. These abnormalities indicate nutritional deficiencies and related health problems such as iron deficiency anemia due to lack of iron, immune system weakness, and electrolyte imbalances. Adequate treatment based on correcting these deficiencies and continuous monitoring is essential to improve this vulnerable population's health status and prognosis. Objective: To determine the hematological profile in children between 5 and 9 years of age and adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive in scope, with a population of 42 participants between children and adolescents from an Ecuadorian foundation dedicated to the care. The information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and blood samples for the hematological profile study. Results: Hematological alterations are not limited to malnutrition states. They also occur in apparently healthy individuals. The high prevalence of alterations in the white blood cell series, particularly in lymphocytes and neutrophils, could indicate the presence of inflammatory processes or altered immunological responses in these age groups. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive hematological evaluation in children and adolescents, regardless of their nutritional status. Conclusions: The hematological profile in children and adolescents in this study is not related to malnutrition since there are hematological alterations in the population studied who are apparently healthy.Item CONOCIMIENTOS, ACTITUDES Y PRÁCTICAS SOBRE NUTRICIÓN DEPORTIVA EN ENTRENADORES DE PICHINCHA(2025-06-18) Alava Parraga, Stefania Alexandra; Bonilla Veloz, Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaIn recent decades, sports nutrition has proven to be essential for improving physical performance, optimizing training, aiding recovery, maintaining an adequate body composition, and reducing the risk of injuries and illnesses, thus contributing to the enhancement of sports performance. The objective of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of coaches from various sports disciplines through a survey. The study was descriptive, with a non-probabilistic sample, and involved 60 coaches. The results revealed a low level of knowledge regarding energy-protein requirements and supplementation, as well as a high percentage of attitudes and practices that present a risk for the development of eating disorders.