Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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TEORÍA DE DOROTHEA OREM EN UN PACIENTE CON ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA: RELATOS DE VIDA
(2025-10-03)
Rojas Gavilanes, Alisson Tatiana
;
Guarate Coronado, Yeisy Cristina
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease constitutes a global health problem with high prevalence, mortality and significant healthcare costs. It affects approximately 10% of the world's population, resulting in 2.4 million deaths annually, therefore, nursing professionals play a crucial role in the care of these patients, applying approaches such as Dorothea Orem's theory, which promotes self-care and a holistic view of self-care. Objective: To analyse the application of Dorothea Orem's theory in a patient with chronic kidney disease, in its three interrelated theories: self-care theory, self-care deficit theory and nursing systems theory. Methods: Qualitative phenomenological -descriptive study with a participant with chronic kidney disease on dialysis for more than 4 years. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted based on M. Gordon's patterns, analysed using grounded theory in the data and organised according to Orem 's postulates. The study was approved by the ethics committee and generated a specific application proposal for renal patients. Results: The patient presents self-care skills in the patterns of health perception and management, metabolic nutrition, activity-exercise and sleep and rest. But he presents self-care deficits in elimination, self-perception-self-concept and adaptation-tolerance to stress. In addition, he receives a system of educational compensation and partial compensation. Conclusions: The application of Orem's theory promotes selfcare actions and compensation systems necessary for a patient with chronic kidney disease.
IMPORTANCIA DEL AUTOCUIDADO DEL PIE DIABÉTICO EN COMUNIDADES DEL ECUADOR
(2025-10-03)
Soria Santana, Karla Isabela
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Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
The objective of this study was to determine the importance of diabetic foot self - care in communities in Ecuador, focusing on evaluating current preventive practices and identifying areas for improvement in diabetic patients. A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The University of Malaga Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 15 diabetic patients aged 40 to 70 years from the cantons of Ambato and Quero, selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 29. The results revealed that 60% of participants had a "Fair" level of self-care, 33.3% a "Good" level, and only 6.7% reached an "Excellent" level. Only 13.3% of patients checked their feet daily, and 46.7% had not received information on podiatric care. The demographic analysis showed that women maintain better self-care practices compared to men, and a deterioration in the quality of self-care was observed with increasing age, with the 61-to 70-year-old group being the most affected. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to strengthen educational program s aimed at improving diabetic foot self-care, especially in men and older adults, by implementing specific preventive strategies that effectively reduce the risk of complications and amputations in these vulnerable populations.
EXPERIENCIAS PERSONALES DE PUÉRPERAS ACERCA DE LOS CUIDADOS POSTPARTO EN EL PROCESO DE RECUPERACIÓN DOMICILIAR
(2025-09-30)
Azogue Chulco, Walter Jonathan
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Guanga López, Maura Elizabeth
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Maternal morbidity and mortality during or after pregnancy is one of the main problems for the WHO, since it has become more prevalent over the years. Among the main causes are hemorrhage, hypertension and postpartum infection based on various etiologies such as poor skin care, inadequate diets and faulty management at home, which can be prevented by controls during and after pregnancy, accompanied by education and recognition of warning signs. Objective: To inquire about the personal experiences of postpartum women regarding postpartum care in the home recovery process. Methodolog y : Qualitative and phenomenological research with an exploratory design, collecting personal experiences by non-probabilistic snowball sampling through a semistructured interview with 9 postpartum women from the Ambato canton with whom the information saturation was reached. Results: Several positive perspectives were obtained in relation to the quality of care, but also an imbalance between good practices carried out and adapted to the tradition and accessibility in the company and support of family networks versus a lack of education and lack of understanding at the time of discharge, which generated concern and uncertainty. Conclusion: It is essential to address postpartum care as an activity of utmost relevance, since the deficiency in education and lack of communication at the time of hospital discharge generates ignorance, concern and uncertainty compromising maternal health, leading this to adapt various traditional or cultural activities that are not always effective or give optimal results.
CONDUCTAS DE AUTOCUIDADO Y EL ESTRÉS ACADÉMICO EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA
(2025-06-17)
Tubón Lagua Mary Carmen
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Guadalupe Nuñez Veronica Guadalupe
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Self-care behaviors and academic stress are crucial aspects in the training of nursing students. Self-care, defined as deliberate actions to maintain health and well-being, is essential for future health professionals. Academic stress can significantly affect students' performance and well-being. Objective: To analyze the relationship between self-care behaviors and academic stress in nursing students from the Technical University of Ambato, Ecuador. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive and correlational study was conducted, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The Scale to EstimateSelf-Care Capabilities (EECAC) and the SISCO SV Academic Stress Inventory were used in a sample of 71 seventh semester students. Results: 67.6% of the students presented a medium self-care capacity and32.4% a high capacity. Regarding academic stress, 84.6% showed moderate levels and 11.3% high levels, with notable differences between genders. A complex relationship between self-care and stress was observed, where even students with high self-care capacity can experience elevated levels of stress. Conclusion: Although self-care practices are important, they are not sufficient on their own to prevent highacademic stress in nursing students. The need to implement multifactorial and gender-sensitive interventions to address academic stress and promote self-care in this population is underlined.
MODELO DE OREM APLICADO A NIÑOS CON PARASITOSIS DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA FRANCISCO FLOR
(2025-06-17)
Gómez Valencia, María José
;
Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivonne
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Parasitosis is an infection that affects the small and large intestine. It is a public health problem that significantly affects the child population, especially in groups with poor hygiene conditions and limited access to health services. In Ecuador, this condition is particularly prevalent among preschool and school-aged children, which negatively impacts their physical and cognitive development. The high incidence of parasitosis in vulnerable areas, where the practice of good hygiene habits and neglect of their parents are the main cause of it, highlights the need to establish effective intervention strategies that not only address treatment, but also education for the prevention of this disease. The Dorothea Orem Self-Care Model is widely valued in nursing practice. It provides a solid theoretical framework that promotes the improvement of health care by developing the capacity for self-care in individuals. This model places particular emphasis on education and the promotion of healthy habits, considering them essential for the prevention and control of diseases such as parasitosis. This research focuses on the application of the Orem Model in children from the Francisco Flor Educational Unit, located in the parish of Huachi Chico, Ambato canton. Through this study, we seek to compare self-care practices in relation to hygiene measures, analyzing their effectiveness in reducing the prevalence of parasitosis in this vulnerable group. In addition, we aim to establish specific guidelines to improve health education and the active participation of children in their own care, thus contributing to improving their quality of life.
AUTOCUIDADO BASADO EN EL MODELO DE DOROTHEA OREM EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04)
Real Segovia, Tatiana Michelle
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Mejías de Duarte, Marianela
Introduction: Self-care is the ability of the community, the family and the individual to take care of themselves through health promotion, disease prevention and the practice of healthy habits. Objective: Describe self-care based on the Dorothea Orem Model in Nursing students at an Ecuadorian public university. Methods: Quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population was made up of 200 students legally enrolled in the Nursing program. Non-probabilistic sampling was used. The “Questionnaire on health self-care practices” was applied, consisting of 2 dimensions and 31 items, with Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.966. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the total of 133 students surveyed in the sixth and seventh semester of the Nursing degree at the university investigated, 114 students (85.7%) presented a medium level of self-care capacity, 18 students (13.5%) had the ability to high self-care and 1 student (0.8%) low self-care capacity. Conclusions: The majority of students show a medium level of self-care capacity. Reflecting a solid foundation of skills and practices related to self-care among the student population. Nursing students must prioritize self-care as an integral part of their training, developing healthy habits that allow them to maintain a balance between academic demands and self-care
AUTOCUIDADO Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ADULTOS MAYORES: UNA REVISION DE LA LITERATURA
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03)
Capuz Toalombo, Andrea Paola
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Rojas Conde, Luis Geovanny
Objective: Analyze the results of self-care and quality of life of older adults through a bibliographic review. Method: Literature review study, with documentary and descriptive design, following the guidelines of the updated PRISMA guide. The search was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed, MedlinePlus, BVS, Scielo and Google Scholar, using descriptors in Health Sciences. In addition, inclusion criteria were applied with original articles and case studies published between 2018-2023 in English and Spanish, with free access and with a rigorous methodological process. Results: The analysis of 56 articles revealed that self-care practices are associated with improvements in the quality of life of older adults. Key factors were identified such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, adequate management of chronic medical conditions, and maintenance of active social networks. Studies showed a positive correlation between the level of self-care and various quality of life indicators, including functional independence, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that self-care plays a fundamental role in the quality of life of older adults. Interventions that promote healthy habits, adaptation to change, and social connection appear to be particularly effective. The implementation of self-care promotion programs in primary care and community services is recommended to promote active and healthy aging.
El MODELO DE DOROTHEA OREM APLICADO EN LA PRÁCTICA POR LOS INTERNOS ROTATIVOS DE ENFERMERÍA
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02)
Solís Núñez, Yolanda Maricela
;
Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivonne
Introduction: Dorothea Orem's theory is one of the most researched and validated in nursing practice due to its broad vision of health care and the ability to structure nursing systems in relation to self-care needs. This frame of reference allows us to recognize the need to understand the concept of training of nursing students who are doing the rotating internship. Objective: Analyze the level of implementation and perception of the Dorothea Orem Model applied in practice by rotating nursing interns. Methods: A descriptive quantitative study was carried out on 60 rotating nursing interns from the Technical University of Ambato, during the period September 2023 - August 2024. Data collection was carried out through a multiple choice survey, designed and validated to assess the knowledge about Dorothea Orem's theory. Results: The interns demonstrated a high level of knowledge in the basic areas that support care, the basic principles that support care and the Nursing Care Process. However, opportunities for improvement were identified in ethical aspects, specific theoretical models, and the integration of theory with clinical practice. Conclusion: The rotating nursing interns have a solid base of knowledge about thefundamentals of care according to the Orem model, but it is necessary to strengthen the integration of theory with clinical practice and the development of competencies to provide humanized care based on evidence.
Determinantes socioculturales relacionados con el grado de dependencia y autocuidado del adulto mayor, barrio San Juan, Latacunga
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01)
Posso López, Giovanna Paulina Md.
;
Dra. Meléndez Herrera, Mónica Cecilia Esp.
Functionality in the elderly is part of a main axis for actions aimed at strengthening aging, as opposed to the increase in this age group. The various physical conditions or chronic pathologies have a negative effect on their functional capacity, which is why control actions are required in order to reduce dependency that contributes to further deterioration. This research has a quantitative, descriptive approach, with a cross-section of older adults in the Community of San Juan Latacunga in the period from 2019 to 2020. The total of older adults in the community of San Juan is 73 people, data taken from family cards and tests applied to older adults. The sociodemographic and cultural characteristics relevant to the study were: age, sex, marital status, level of education, ethnicity, religion, economic level. For this study, the Katz and Lawton and Brody Test was applied to measure the level of dependency of the older adult. It is evident that 49.32% (36) do not depend on third parties since they maintain their physical health, 36.99% (27) have a slight dependency, 2.74% (2) a moderate dependency, and as relevant data from the study, 10.96% (8) have a serious dependency, I feel related to the high rate of degenerative diseases that impair the vital function of older adults. The perception of self-care and the level of dependency are inversely proportional, since the greater the dependency, the less self-care will be
“Apoyo social percibido y calidad de vida en adultos mayores del hogar de Ancianos Sagrado Corazón de Jesús”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2019-03-01)
Cordonez Jara, Jessica Nataly
;
Moreno Martín, Mónica Lic. Msc.
The research project with the theme "Perceived social support and quality of life in elderly people in the nursing home Sacred Heart of Jesus" have, OMS considers older people to reach the age of 60 years. Old age brings physical, economic and functional modifications. The living conditions of the population and the availability of health services have accelerated in Latin America and the Caribbean. They help maintain independence, establish meaningful lifestyles, adapt to changes, develop self-care strategies, the context of culture and value system. Establish the relationship between perceived social support and quality of life, the application of the survey instrument based on the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support Perceived by Zimet and the Quality of Life Scale, older adults can almost always talk about their problems with their friends, sometimes people who are interested in what they feel. In physical functionality, 86.66% state that they often move aided by a cane or another person, indicates that physical functionality interferes with their quality of life, 54.54%, often maintain relationships with their friends and neighbors; Monetary situation 59.46% are sometimes satisfied with the economic conditions, they can almost always express their family feel and think, 29.03% are almost always able to take care of themselves, the nursing home is defined by the subjects themselves fears in front of to the uncertainty of the future The perception of social support if it influences quality of life.

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