Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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VALORES DE CONCORDANCIA REFERENCIALES DEL TEST DE MARCHA DE 6 MINUTOS EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES SANOS
(2026-01-27)
De Jesus Negrete, Anahi Alisson
;
Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Fisioterapia
The six-minute walk test is a simple and low-cost assessment tool. It is classified as a submaximal excercise test and is used to evaluate an individual´s functional capacity based on the distance walked over a six-minute period. The objective of the present study was to determine reference concordance values for the six-minute walk test in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional, quantitative, and prospective approach was employed. The six-minute walk test was administered, and the data obtained were compared with predicted values calculated using predictive equations established in previous studies conducted in children and adolescents. All collected information was statistically analyzed using SPSS software, obtaining values for the mean, standard deviation, máximum and mínimum. The results showed that participants achieved a mean distance of 577.72 ± 75.46 m in the first attempt and 585.61 ± 76.18 m in the second. The predicted distance based on reference equations yielded mean values of 633.83 ± 48.38 m for Ortiz et al., 654.19 ± 41.65 m for Geiger et al. and 601.17 ± 51.47 m for Priesnitz et al. When comparing each participant´s best distance with the estimated values from the different predictive equations, it was observed that the equation proposed by Priesnitz et al. showed the highest concordance with the actual distances obtained in the test. Therefore, it is concluded that the predictive equation proposed by Priesnitz et al. may be suitable for estimating the functional capacity of Ecuadorian children and adolescents; however, the predictive values may slightly underestimate the participants´ actual performance.
Factores que influyen en las coberturas de vacunación de influenza estacional en niños menores de 2 años de la Parroquia Huambaló
(2025-12-17)
Escobar Caisabanda, Gerardo Misael
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Chipantiza Córdova, Tannia Elizabeth
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
This study addresses the issue of factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination coverage, which remains a global challenge. Annually, around one billion cases of seasonal flu occur worldwide, with Ecuador included in these statistics. The Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador uses inactivated influenza vaccines. The objective of this research is to analyze the factors influencing influenza vaccination coverage in children under two years of age in Parroquia Huambaló, belonging to Cantón Pelileo, Tungurahua Province. Educational interventions aimed at families and the community were implemented. A quantitative approach was employed as it facilitated numerical data for statistical analysis, and a cross-sectional design was used to identify vaccination factors at a specific point in time. Intentional sampling was conducted using the Fisterra program, which calculates a confidence level of 95% and a precision of 3%. The study sample consisted of 75 children from Parroquia Huambaló. The results allowed the identification of factors influencing vaccination coverage and helped establish more effective educational interventions for families and the community.
HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y ESTADO NUTRICIONAL POR ANTROPOMETRÍA EN PREESCOLARES DEL CENTRO DE EDUCACIÓN INICIAL DE LA PARROQUIA SANTA ROSA
(2025-10-06)
Caiza de la Cruz, Yolanda Yessenia
;
Celi Torres, Diana Estefanía
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
During the early years of life, between ages 2 and 5, nutrition is essential for growth, cognitive development, and the establishment of healthy habits. At this stage, children learn about food through the influence of their families and cultural environment. A balanced diet not only supports their current health but also prevents disorders and promotes a healthy lifestyle in adulthood. The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between eating habits and nutritional status in early childhood in the parish of Santa Rosa, Ambato, in order to identify the number of children experiencing malnutrition due to excess or deficiency. For this purpose, a descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 40 children between 2 and 5 years old, enrolled in an early childhood education center located in the Santa Rosa parish of the city of Ambato. Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometric indicators, and additional data were collected using a questionnaire addressing general caregiver information, food consumption frequency, eating behavior, and other determinants. The results showed that the predominant nutritional profile was mostly normal, although specific cases of overweight and growth delay were identified. The analysis of eating habits revealed a tendency toward frequent consumption of simple carbohydrates, sugary products, and fats, along with moderate intake of fruits, vegetables, and proteins. A direct relationship was observed between dietary patterns and nutritional status: children with a normal profile tended to maintain more balanced diets, while those with overweight or growth delay exhibited significant dietary imbalances, highlighting the crucial importance of a quality diet in early childhood development..
Impacto de la variabilidad serotípica de streptococcus pneumoniae en la efectividad de las vacunas antineumocócicas en niños de américa latina
(2025-07-01)
Navas Noriega, Sebastián Orfaith
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Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine, BqCl. Mg.
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection remains one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in Latin America, with high serotype variability posing a challenge to the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Objective: To assess the impact of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype variability on the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines in children under five years of age in Latin America. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, involving database searches and selection of 22 studies published between 2019 and 2024, focusing on circulating serotypes and their response to PCV10, PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20. Results: The data revealed a predominance of serotypes such as 19A, 6C, 24F, and 3, with heterogeneous circulation across countries and a notable gap in vaccine coverage against emerging clones not included in current formulations. PCV13 showed limitations against serotypes 19A and 3, whereas projections for PCV20 indicated broader coverage (up to 82%). Conclusion: Serotype variability directly affects vaccine effectiveness in the region; thus, updating immunization schedules based on local evidence and active serotype surveillance is recommended. The use of higher-valency vaccines such as PCV20 is proposed for future immunization programs
PERFIL HEMATOLOGICO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICION
(2025-06-19)
Caisa Chalan Jessenia Lizbeth
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Chasillacta Amores Fabiola Beatriz
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: The hematological profile is a key diagnostic tool to assess the effects of malnutrition, revealing common abnormalities such as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. These abnormalities indicate nutritional deficiencies and related health problems such as iron deficiency anemia due to lack of iron, immune system weakness, and electrolyte imbalances. Adequate treatment based on correcting these deficiencies and continuous monitoring is essential to improve this vulnerable population's health status and prognosis. Objective: To determine the hematological profile in children between 5 and 9 years of age and adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive in scope, with a population of 42 participants between children and adolescents from an Ecuadorian foundation dedicated to the care. The information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and blood samples for the hematological profile study. Results: Hematological alterations are not limited to malnutrition states. They also occur in apparently healthy individuals. The high prevalence of alterations in the white blood cell series, particularly in lymphocytes and neutrophils, could indicate the presence of inflammatory processes or altered immunological responses in these age groups. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive hematological evaluation in children and adolescents, regardless of their nutritional status. Conclusions: The hematological profile in children and adolescents in this study is not related to malnutrition since there are hematological alterations in the population studied who are apparently healthy.
FISIOTERAPIA EN ATAXIA CEREBELOSA POR ENCEFALITIS VIRAL EN NIÑOS: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
(2025-03-05)
Segovia Díaz, Nuria Belén
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Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia
Introduction: cerebellar ataxia is a motor disorder characterized by a lack of coordination and balance, caused by damage to the cerebellum. In children, this can be a consequence of viral encephalitis, affecting motor skills. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in stimulating motor recovery through exercises that improve postural control and mobility. This study focused on obtaining information that allows analyze the main phisiotherapeutic treatments applied to cerebellar ataxia caused by viral encephalitis in children. Methods: a bibliographic review of the literature was carried out by searching for scientific studies in the databases, PubMed and Google Schore, publications made between 2019-2024. MeSH terms were used, and the search strategy was designed following the PRISMA method guidelines. Results: 11 studies; 6 randomized clinical trials, 1 trial included children with cerebellar ataxic PC, 2 in children with cerebellar ataxia, 2 in children with ataxia in general and 1 in children with FRDA. While, systematic reviews, 1 review addressed children with ataxia in general, 2 with cerebellar ataxia, one with ADH and 1 one with AT. Improvements were found in motor coordination, gait, balance, postural control, muscle strengthening, reducing the risk of falls, control of body segments, among others. Conclusions: among the applied therapies, the combination of physiotherapy with virtual reality and advance technology can offer better results than isolated exercises in children with cerebellar ataxia.
APLICACIÓN DE LA PRUEBA DE PROVOCACIÓN BRONQUIAL CON EJERCICIO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES
(2025-02-27)
Ramos Meneses, Jonathan Jeziel
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Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia
Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases in childhood and adolescence. It is characterized by inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity, which trigger bronchoconstriction and airway obstructions. This condition represents a significant public health issue due to its impact on emergency services, hospitalizations, and school absenteeism. In Ecuador, previous studies have revealed a prevalence of asthma symptoms in adolescents but a low rate of diagnosis, suggesting possible underdiagnosis and insufficient control of the condition. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common manifestation in patients with uncontrolled asthma and can be assessed through provocation tests, such as the Exercise-Induced Bronchial Provocation Test (EIBPT). This study aims to evaluate the bronchial response to the EIBPT in Ecuadorian children and adolescents to contribute to a better understanding of asthma in this population. This non-experimental, descriptive, observational study was conducted on 25 students aged 8 to 17 years without a prior asthma diagnosis. Participants underwent the EIBPT on a treadmill. The criterion for a positive result was set at a decrease in VEF1 %, observed in only 4% of the 25 participants. The low prevalence of EIB in this sample suggests that, in Ecuadorian children and adolescents without a prior asthma diagnosis, exercise does not induce significant bronchoconstriction, ruling out the existence of an asthma underdiagnosis.
VALORES REFERENCIALES DEL Y-BALANCE TEST (YBT) EN NIÑOS DE 7 A 11 AÑOS DE EDAD
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-27)
Pérez Muso, Anderson Fabricio
;
Arias Córdova, Paúl Adrián
The Y-Balance test (YBT) was used as a functional test to measure the dynami c balance and stability of the children of the Guaytacama Parish. This instrume n t requires participants to perform movements with a single foot while maintai ni n g balance with the contralateral foot, the reaches are performed in different directio ns : anterior posteromedial and posterolateral, resulting in values aimed at the maximu m reach distance (in centimeters). The objective set by this research project is: Determ i n e the reference values of the YBT in boys and girls from 7 to 11 years old. The results of its applicability demonstrated that there are several factors that influence the data obtained from the YBT, such as: sex, age and/or the level of physical activity of the participant. Regarding the reliability through the test-retest for the different YBT directions reached, it is >0.75 to <0.92, ranging from “good” to “excelle n t” . Furthermore, it was found and assured that the YBT has good reliability, revealing that the results are consistent and are related to the studies that support the research. Finally, it is concluded and reference values of the YBT are determined in the child populati o n from 7 to 11 years of age for both males and females and compliance with the general work objective is achieved.
Musicoterapia y atención sostenida en niños
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-06-14)
Chacón Molina, Adriana Belén
;
Vásquez de la Bandera Cabezas, Fabricio Alejandro
La importancia de la nutrición en el manejo de la obesidad infantil: un estudio de revisión
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01)
Ortiz Sánchez, Erick Alexander
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Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia Lcda. Mg.
According to the OMS (1), obesity is "a chronic disease that is characterized by excess fat in the body. A child is considered obese when his weight exceeds 20% of his ideal, while in an adult it is when the body mass index is greater than 30 kg/m²." That is why it is considered a chronic, complex and multifactorial disease, which generally appears in childhood and adolescence and may have a certain genetic and environmental predisposition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to prepare a bibliographic review regarding the importance of nutrition in the management of childhood obesity, as well as how to prevent it through a good diet from an early age. Searches were carried out on sites such as PubMed, MDPI, Dialnet and Google Scholar from July 12, 2023 to...................In which, 30 articles published between 2018 and 2023 were included; from which it was possible to describe the rates and statistics of childhood obesity, as well as the importance of a good diet accompanied by exercise to maintain good health. On the other hand, childhood was determined, it is the perfect age to create adequate eating habits, since a balanced diet is essential for the development and strengthening of the immune system; Many of the health problems that occur in adulthood are linked to a poor diet during childhood.

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