Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas
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Item Análisis técnico económico del coeficiente de reducción de respuesta estructural con aplicación y comparación en sistemas aporticados de estructuras metálicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Jácome Guanopatín, Ángel Patricio; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy FernandoIn this degree work, the analysis and calculation of the seismic reduction factor for a structure with special moment frames (PEM or SMF) composed of four different mathematical models where the seismic reduction factor changes with values of R=8, 6, 4, 5 and 3. 5 and 3; performing the dynamic linear structural analysis of the four models, each structure changes according to the demand required by the seismic forces, determining that the lower the value of R the larger sections are required in the structure, in spite of the above, the fundamental vibration period of the structures was maintained for R= 8, 6 and 4. 5, while for the factor R=3 the period is slightly reduced resulting in a stiffer structure, as the seismic response factor is reduced, more robust sections are required to provide more weight to the structure to meet the demand. An economic analysis was performed with the sections obtained, which shows that the lower the R value, the structure requires a higher weight and therefore influences a higher cost, so the structure with the lowest cost is the structure with an R=8. Additionally, a pseudo-static non-linear analysis was determined to determine the structural performance of each of the four models using the ATC-40 and FEMA- 440 methods, highlighting that the models maintain the same architectural and geometric configuration but with different sections in certain elements that required a higher geometry as the R value decreases, after obtaining the results of the static non-linear analysis, the performance point was determined using the ASCE 41-17 and FEMA 440 (2005) methodology, resulting in the R=8, 6, 4. 5 and 3 for 475 years has a performance level in X and Y of immediate occupancy. For the determination of the structural response factor, the methodology proposed by Dr. Aguiar 2006 was followed, which is similar to that of ATC-19 (1995), where the ductility, resistance and redundancy factor is determined, data that are collected from the performance point obtained for the elastic design spectrum with a return period of 475 years, the structural response factors R obtained establish that the average range is between 6 and 7.5, on the other hand the structure that presents greater capacity and performance is the one that was designed with R=4. 5 so having extremely rigid sections does not guarantee stability and ductility in a structure, finally a high level of performance (immediate occupation) and seismic energy dissipation capacity is established in the structure designed with a R=6 where its value is similar and slightly lower than 4.5, so it is concluded that for a structure of special steel composite moment frames a design with a structural response factor equal to 6 should be sought.Item Análisis comparativo de conexiones precalificadas con tipología soldadas y empernadas para un sistema SMF en un edificio de estructura metálica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Merino Mora, Verónica Jackeline; Chávez Rubio, Luis EnriqueEcuador is located in areas where constant and significant earthquakes occur, currently it has been possible to denote the vulnerability of structural steel buildings to a severe earthquake. The scope of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of prequalified connections with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. The ANSI/AISC 360-16 standard is the standard that establishes the specifications for designing steel structures, the ANSI/AISC 341-16 standard indicates the seismic provisions for structural steel buildings and the ANSI/AISC 358-16, which analyzes the prequalified connections for use in special moments and intermediate frames, the standards present a guide for the design of prequalified metallic connections that were used as an instrument for the different mathematical calculations, in addition, applying this methodology, a model of a steel structure was made . National and international standards were used for the study and the Etabs 2019 and Ram Connection software, both with student licenses, were used for the structural analysis. This research performs the comparative analysis of RBS, BFP, BUEEP and WUF-W prequalified connections, with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. A structural and economic analysis of the metal frame building is obtained, concluding that the elements that make up the connection in a metal frame building have an elastic behavior. In addition, it was observed that the RBS connection provides the best reliability so that the transfer in the beams (plastic hinge) prevails before that in the columns, as an energy dissipation mechanism and complying with the design philosophy. Regarding the analysis of the cost of steel in beams and columns, it was known that steel in welded beams and columns is cheaper than steel in bolted beams and columns, due to the materials, equipment, machinery and labor used. in the construction process of metal structures.Item Comparación de la respuesta sísmica entre pórticos especiales a momento y pórticos arriostrados excéntricamente, en un edificio de acero de 10 pisos, en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Aleaga Del Salto, Luis Alfonso; Guevara Robalino, Jorge JavierEcuador is a country of high seismic danger; therefore, the calculation of structures will always be a challenge for engineers since every day new advances in science and technology emerge, making it possible to predict the behavior of a building in extreme events such as earthquakes; in this work the Ceinci-Lab Computer System has been used, which allowed to perform analysis and design of structures step by step obtaining clear and accurate results. The objective of this research is to compare the seismic response between special moment frames and eccentrically braced frames in a 10-story steel building. A simple and regular structural configuration was used to obtain a better seismic performance of all the components of the system. Subsequently, the seismicresistant analysis of the frames was carried out with the different structural configurations proposed in the Ceinci-Lab computer program, using the linear modal spectral and static equivalent analysis for its resolution and complying with the guidelines established in the Ecuadorian construction standard and international codes; finally, it was determined that the building composed of eccentric diagonals had a better seismic response than the one composed of moment resisting frames, obtaining lower displacements and floor drifts; It was also verified that the demand versus capacity of each system is optimal, thus ensuring a strong column - weak beamxvii behavior; additionally, a nonlinear pushover analysis was performed to determine the real maximum resistance of the structure and the performance of all its components; therefore, it is essential to consider the use of bracing in the structural configuration of medium-rise buildings, especially with short link elements, since they act as energy dissipaters, improving the stiffness and global response of the system in severe earthquakes.Item Estudio de conexiones precalificadas y su incidencia en el diseño sismo resistente de edificaciones irregulares(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Sánchez Guevara, Nelson Hernan; Guerra Avendaño, Oswaldo MarceloEcuador es un país de alta actividad sísmica. En el año 2016 se vio afectado por un evento sísmico el cual fue generado a raíz de un fenómeno producido entre la subducción de la placa de Nazca y la placa Sudamericana, lo cual dejó cuantiosas pérdidas económicas, humanas y de edificaciones, siendo esto un factor principal de suma importancia para la investigación en el campo de la ingeniería estructural. En el presente trabajo de investigación se realizó un análisis sismorresistente de tres edificaciones irregulares de baja, mediana y gran altura, conformadas por un sistema resistente a carga lateral de pórticos especiales resistentes a momento SMF de acero estructural, compuestos por columnas de tipo HEB y vigas IPE. Para empezar el proyecto se realizó un análisis de la configuración estructural de las edificaciones planteadas para luego aplicar las consideraciones que establece la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción para tomar en cuenta los casos correspondientes de irregularidad en las edificaciones tanto en elevación como en planta. Luego se procedió a resolver las estructuras mediante un análisis estático y dinámico lineal, logrando obtener resultados que muestran un adecuado comportamiento estructural y cumplan con los chequeos obligatorios normativos, como son el chequeo de las derivas de piso, la verificación del criterio columna fuerte – viga débil y el diseño de sus elementos estructurales. Las conexiones de acero son de gran importancia para garantizar el comportamiento sismorresistente de las edificaciones. En zonas de alta sismicidad es necesario utilizar sistemas de pórticos especiales resistentes a momento y que sus conexiones sean precalificadas, lo que garantizará la formación adecuada de las rotulas plásticas contribuyendo a obtener como resultado un apropiado comportamiento en el rango no lineal. Una vez finalizado los diseños estructurales de las edificaciones planteadas, se procedió a diseñar dos conexiones precalificadas como son la Conexión de Placa de Ala Empernada (Bolted Flange Plate BFP) y la Conexión de sección de viga reducida (Reduced Beam Section RBS) descritas en la norma AISC 358-16. Las conexiones se diseñaron de forma manual cumpliendo todos los parámetros establecidos en la normativa AISC 358-16 para finalmente realizar su respectiva validación y comparación de resultados obtenidos mediante el uso de un software especializado en el diseño de conexiones de acero obteniendo resultados similares.