Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas

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Análisis comparativo de conexiones precalificadas con tipología soldadas y empernadas para un sistema SMF en un edificio de estructura metálica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Merino Mora, Verónica Jackeline; Chávez Rubio, Luis Enrique
Ecuador is located in areas where constant and significant earthquakes occur, currently it has been possible to denote the vulnerability of structural steel buildings to a severe earthquake. The scope of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of prequalified connections with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. The ANSI/AISC 360-16 standard is the standard that establishes the specifications for designing steel structures, the ANSI/AISC 341-16 standard indicates the seismic provisions for structural steel buildings and the ANSI/AISC 358-16, which analyzes the prequalified connections for use in special moments and intermediate frames, the standards present a guide for the design of prequalified metallic connections that were used as an instrument for the different mathematical calculations, in addition, applying this methodology, a model of a steel structure was made . National and international standards were used for the study and the Etabs 2019 and Ram Connection software, both with student licenses, were used for the structural analysis. This research performs the comparative analysis of RBS, BFP, BUEEP and WUF-W prequalified connections, with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. A structural and economic analysis of the metal frame building is obtained, concluding that the elements that make up the connection in a metal frame building have an elastic behavior. In addition, it was observed that the RBS connection provides the best reliability so that the transfer in the beams (plastic hinge) prevails before that in the columns, as an energy dissipation mechanism and complying with the design philosophy. Regarding the analysis of the cost of steel in beams and columns, it was known that steel in welded beams and columns is cheaper than steel in bolted beams and columns, due to the materials, equipment, machinery and labor used. in the construction process of metal structures.
Análisis comparativo de la conducta sísmica del puente Norte de la ciudad de Salcedo en base a un rediseño del sistema estructural actual con base fija y aisladores sísmicos.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025-06) Reinoso Bonilla Carla Alexandra; Peñafiel Valla Lourdes Gabriela
Given the latent seismic risk that Ecuador faces due to its geographical location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, construction mitigates these risks in part by ensuring the safety, comfort, and economy of users. One of the components that ensures these axes is seismic isolation. However, in Ecuador, the application of these construction methods is limited, making it necessary to disseminate innovative systems that allow safeguarding the safety of the population. This research evaluated the effectiveness of LRB-type isolators as a viable solution to construction located in the current environment of the Ecuadorian territory at the central highlands level. Therefore, a comparative analysis was proposed between the conventional design system (mobile supports and fixed supports) and the seismic isolation system implementing lead-rubber bearing (LRB) supports. A modal and timehistory analysis were carried out, and compatible accelerograms were implemented to obtain a range of thorough results as close to reality as possible. As the main results of the investigation, the seismic isolation systems increase the efficiency of the seismic behavior of the bridge under a variation of speeds by a percentage of 10.57%, while in terms of accelerations, the percentage increases to reach 62.01%. The base shear shows a variation of 65.5% in favor of the isolated model, and finally, there is a variation of average displacements of 12cm, where efficiency is ensured through plastic deformation of the components of the LRB seismic isolator
Análisis comparativo de parámetros técnicos económicos de edificaciones de 3 pisos con pórticos especiales a momento de acero estructural y de hormigón armado
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2025-12-03) Cárdenas Arias, Walter Paúl; Flores Gordillo, Guillermo Alejandro
This project is being carried out in Ambato city, parish of Santa Rosa, starting with two three-story architectural models, for which structural calculations are performed using the two most commonly used structural systems in the field: reinforced concrete and structural steel, in both cases using special moment frames. The comparison made on the same architectural model shows the amount of material used when choosing a structural system, as well as the cost of each one. The result was a similarity in the percentage variation, since for the architectural model analyzed, in both cases the concrete has a cost close to thirty-two percent of the value of the structural steel construction.
Análisis comparativo de una estructura habitacional con diagonales excéntricas y una estructura sin diagonales excéntricas, ante una solicitación sísmica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Salazar Gamboa, Alvaro Napoleón; Frías Torres, Alex Xavier
The main objective of this research work was the comparative analysis of a housing structure under seismic stress, taking as a reference point the urban area of Ambato, capital city of the province of Tungurahua, where the building under study is located. A specialized software was used for the modeling and design of the structure, as well as the guidelines of the Ecuadorian construction standard NEC-SE-DS 2015 and ANSI/AISC 360 and 341, respectively. The results obtained were satisfactory with respect to drifts and deflections, according to the configuration in columns, beams and diagonals it was not necessary to redesign the sections of the structural elements. Regarding the analysis, it should be noted that both the structure without eccentric braced frame and the structure with eccentric braced frame obtained an adequate behavior, with drifts of less than 2 percent that comply with the stipulations of the standard, but a notable difference was evidenced in the sections of both columns and beams, obtaining a 45.88 percent reduction in the weight of the structural elements. In the structure with eccentric braced frame, the drifts were maintained within the established limits for this typology according to the NEC with the inclusion of some diagonals, which helped to improve the behavior, reducing considerably the different sections of the structural elements, thus lightening the structure, achieving a balance and avoiding torsional effects in the floor plan, as well as allowing compliance with the maximum floor drifts that limit seismic damage. It was concluded that the structure with eccentric braced frame presents a better lateral resistance to the action of an earthquake due to the addition of the diagonals, which are responsible for redistributing the lateral forces within the building, lightening the structure and considerably reducing the weight of the elements and the consumption of materials.
Análisis comparativo del comportamiento mecánico de la estructura de un puente vehicular tipo arco de luz de 100 m, utilizando péndolas flexibles y rígidas.
(2025-12-03) Guerrero Recalde, Bryan Vinicio; Peñafiel Valla Lourdes Gabriela
This comparative study analyzed the mechanical behavior of a 100 m light arch steel vehicular bridge using eight different types of hangers, composed of ASTM A416 Gr270 cables (flexible) and welded I-section/box sections (rigid), with the intention of understanding how these influence the behavior of the other elements that make up the bridge. Models in RFEM 6, CSI Bridge and SAP2000 are examined using AASHTO LRFD 2020 load combinations. Every 5 meters, envelopes of axial forces, shears V₂ and V₃, moments M₂ and M₃, torsion and deflections in the tie girder and the arch were extracted and processed in Excel spreadsheets. The results show that rigid ties increase the critical load of the arch by up to 25% and extend the fundamental period from 0.69 s to 1.63 s, shifting critical frequencies and reducing dynamic response. Compared to flexible ones, they reduce vertical deflection by 96.2% (–0.145 m → –0.0055 m) and basal shear by 65.5%. The Network typology distributes shear forces and moments more uniformly, while vertical rigid ties shift axial compression from 892.59 t to 734.25 t. The statistical analysis included paired t-tests (α = 0.05) and Pearson correlation coefficients, confirming significant differences (p < 0.05) between each rigid model and its flexible counterpart. These results demonstrate that additional stiffness improves strength, overall stability, and deflection control, providing solid criteria for selecting ties in long-span arch bridges and thus balancing structural efficiency with life-cycle economy.
Análisis comparativo del costo-beneficio de la superestructura del puente ubicado en la parroquia Altar, considerando dos sistemas: losa sobre vigas de acero y losa sobre vigas de hormigón pretensado
(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2025-12-05) Cáceres Santacruz Alvaro Santiago; Wladimir José Ramírez Cabrera
This research aims to analyze the cost-benefit ratio of slab-on-girder bridges with different types of beams: prestressed beams and steel beams. Analyses were performed based on structural models, using AASHTO LRFD standards, which confirmed that both designs meet the safety and performance criteria. The two bridge systems were designed and analyzed using specialized software. Weights in tons were collected for the main materials comprising the concrete deck and steel beams of the composite bridge, as well as for the concrete with varying strengths used in the prestressed beam bridge. This data was extracted from the design software, and economic cost data was compiled by consulting the public procurement processes on the Ecuadorian Public Procurement Portal, covering the period 2024-2025. Final costs were determined through unit price analysis, multiplying the volume of each material by the total cost, thus obtaining a detailed breakdown of final costs. It was found that for an identical span of 50 meters, the composite system (concrete slab and steel beams) proved to be significantly more expensive, with a final cost of $998,757.66 and a weight of 433.04 T for the main components of the superstructure, in contrast to the prestressed beam bridge, which cost only $240,141.66 and weighed 678.40 T, demonstrating a cost difference of more than four times between the two systems
Análisis Comparativo del Diseño de Placas Base, Mediante el Método del AISC, Método de Líneas de Rotura y MEF, Aplicado a un Edificio de Baja Altura
(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil. Maestría con mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2025-12-05) Guijarro Paredes Fernando Agustín; Ramírez Cabrera Wladimir José
This research focuses on the structural analysis of base plates using three different methodologies: two manual approaches, one based on the AISC provisions and another on the yield line theory, and a third approach using finite element modeling (FEM). The study was conducted on two types of base plates, an internal and an external configuration, both part of a dual structural system composed of reinforced concrete shear walls and special moment-resisting steel frames, designed for seismic conditions specific to the Ecuadorian context. The investigation involved a comparative assessment of stresses in the plates, anchor bolt tensions, component deformations, and final element dimensions. The results show that the yield line method allows for a significant reduction in plate thickness and material usage compared to the more conservative AISC-based design. This trend was validated through finite element simulations, which confirmed the structural viability of the optimized designs. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of combining analytical and numerical approaches to achieve more efficient and structurally sound solutions adapted to local seismic demands.
Análisis comparativo del impacto del viento en una nave industrial tipo, mediante procedimiento NEC-15 y túnel de viento.
(2025-12-03) Aulestia Martínez, Luis Antonio; Peña Jordan, Francisco Agustín
This study analyzes the structural behavior of a typical industrial building subjected to wind loads applied according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-2015) and compared with a digital wind tunnel simulation developed in RFEM/RWIND. The main objective was to design and evaluate the structure under both methods to determine its stiffness, flexibility, and energy dissipation capacity. The analyzed structure corresponds to a steel gable-frame industrial building with a 20 m span, 6 m eave height, and 30 m length, built with HEB columns and IPE variable-section beams, using ASTM A36 structural steel. Dead, live, and wind loads were considered in accordance with NEC-SE-CG, combined using the LRFD load combinations. The aerodynamic simulation in RWIND was performed by applying a logarithmic wind profile for directions of 0°, 90°, and 45°, using the k–ω SST turbulence model. The results confirm the proposed hypothesis: the structural displacement depends on the method used to apply wind loads. Along the X-axis, the maximum displacement increased by up to 43 % with the CFD model compared to the NEC calculation, while along the Y-axis variations of up to 36 % were recorded. These differences are attributed to the non-uniform pressure distribution and the three-dimensional flow effects captured in the CFD simulation. In conclusion, the comparison between the NEC and CFD simulations shows that code-based methods tend to partially underestimate actual displacements, especially in areas of suction and eaves. The integration of both approaches provides a more accurate assessment of structural behavior, validating the proposed methodology and research objectives.
Análisis comparativo entre placas base con pernos de anclaje extendidos y placas de base tradicionales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-10) Cruz Villavicencio, Nathaly Hailys; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy Fernando
The objective of this research project is to perform an analysis of base plate connections in steel structures as a crucial component in building construction, especially in Ecuador where steel structures have gained popularity in recent years. In the framework of the analysis, two main types of base plate connections were identified: a traditional version and another variant with extended bolts that provided greater stiffness, where comparing these two systems, their advantages and disadvantages were evaluated both in constructive and economic terms. A design guide was established that allowed a simple replication of the two systems, seeking to improve the strength and energy dissipation capacity of the structures under seismic loads. After designing each connection based on stresses obtained from a structural design, it was found that the plates with extended bolts functioned as a fuse, generating creep along the bolt, which allowed absorbing stresses without compromising other structural elements; on the other hand, the traditional base plate generated stresses in the column, which could be detrimental after a seismic event. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that plates with extended bolts imply a greater expense due to the complexity of their components and the additional effort required for their installation. Nevertheless, their implementation is recommended in regions with high seismic activity where structural protection is essential. On the other hand, in areas of low seismicity, their use is not economically justifiable, being more convenient to opt for traditional base plates, fulfilling the objectives by proposing a methodology that can be applied in future research and projects, offering a useful tool for the design of base plate type connections in metallic structures that provide safety especially in seismic contexts.
Análisis de amortiguadores híbridos utilizados en estructuras metálicas de edificaciones de mediana altura para mejorar su respuesta a cargas sísmicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Jaya Guanoluisa, Mario Hernán; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
The present research focused on identifying different configurations of hybrid dampers that are applicable to mid-rise buildings through the review of research, these devices were evaluated with computational tools, using the finite element method, which allowed to know the structural behavior of this type of systems with reliable mathematical models. Three types of dampers were identified that use fusible elements such as slits and weak plates to dissipate energy through deformations and contact surfaces that dissipate energy through friction, the analyzed dampers are composed especially of steel plates and surfaces of rough materials joined by bolts forming a single assembly, These devices are then adapted with welded or bolted joints to the structures, especially in the central zone of the beams, thus preventing damage to the structural element and giving way to the formation of ball joints and deformations in the fusible elements. After the analysis, the damper with the most stable behavior was identified in order to propose a proposal to improve the seismic performance and better dissipate the energy of the seismic loads.
Análisis de juntas tipo bridas apernadas para estructuras de telecomunicaciones de tipo monopolo usando el método de elementos finitos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Muyulema Muyulema, Dany Germán; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
Monopole structures are used as telecommunication towers, especially in urban areas where zoning is difficult. The load hypothesis that predominates their design is wind, since most of the collapses are due to this effect. The most critical part that is more prone to failure in the towers is the bolted flange joint, which requires a special focus in the design to guarantee its resistance and performance over time. In the present investigation, a finite element model was obtained that approximated the actual structural behavior of bolted flange joints. The finite element models were developed in a specialized software and monotonic lateral load tests were performed for their validation. The results obtained by measuring loads and displacements in the tests were compared with those obtained in the finite element model, showing non-significant variations in the points of interest of the bolted flange. The finite element model was useful for predicting the structural behavior of the flanges, making the design process more dynamic.
Análisis de la soldabilidad de los procesos SMAW, GMAW, GTAW y FCAW, de varillas con resaltes ASTM A706 grado 60 y su repercusión en las propiedades mecánicas de la unión CJP.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) López Urbina Lenin André; Guamanquispe Toasa Jorge Patricio
This research evaluates the most efficient welding process for joining ASTM A706 Grade 60 deformed reinforcing bars, aiming to optimize structural integrity, construction efficiency, and joint durability in civil engineering projects. Welding is proposed as an alternative to wire-tying in bar splicing, optimizing the excessive use of steel and the associated costs. Additionally, it prevents unnecessary increases in structural sections and handling challenges in confined spaces, especially with largediameter bars. In This way, the study seeks to improve structural performance and construction feasibility in civil engineering projects. The weldability of ASTM A706 Grade 60 bars was analyzed using the SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW processes, in accordance with the AWS D1.4 code, evaluating their performance through destructive and non-destructive tests. Visual inspections and dye penetrant tests were used to detect surface discontinuities, while UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y MECÁNICA MAESTRÍA EN INGENIERÍA CIVIL CON MENCIÓN EN ESTRUCTURAS METÁLICAS THEME: “GTAW Y FCAW, OF RODS WITH HIGHLIGHTS ASTM A706 DEGREE 60 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CJP UNION”. or tying 1t destructive xXviill xxix mechanical tests such as tensile testing, macrography, and metallography analyzed the strength, ductility, and microstructure of the welded joints. The results confirmed that the GMAW, FCAW, and SMAW processes meet the strength and quality standards required by the AWS D1.4 code, whereas the GTAW process exhibited deficiencies in mechanical performance due to alterations microstructure, such as variations in the distribution pearlite and ferrite, as well as grain size. The cost-benefit analysis determined that the GMAW, FCAW, and SMAW welding processes offer greater efficiency and lower cost per welded joint, optimizing the relationship between investment and structural performance. In conclusion, the implementation of welding in deformed steel reinforcing bars represents a viable and advantageous alternative to traditional lap splice with wire ties, improving the quality and safety of structures.
Análisis de los desplazamientos de los apoyos superiores de las torres durante la simulación de las fases de construcción de un puente colgante sobre el río Jatun Yacu
(Magister en Ingeniería Civil con mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2025) Jácome Villacrés, Pablo José; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
This research addresses a topic rarely explored in technical literature: the analysis of the behavior of upper tower supports in suspension bridges, both during the construction process and in their service life. This lack of practical information motivated the development of a study based on a real-world project, aiming to simulate near-reality conditions and obtain reliable data on the displacements generated by the weight of the structural elements. To address this problem, an applied research was conducted using a real suspension bridge project. The main objective was the development of a threedimensional model using specialized software, which allowed for the simulation of various construction phases of the superstructure, as well as the application of a hypothetical and random load convoy to evaluate in-service behavior. The analysis allowed for the observation of stresses in the main cable and the resulting displacements, identifying that the sum of movements generated during construction and by vehicular load exceeded the available travel in the upper supports. Given this situation, it was necessary to iteratively apply a pre-stress to the main cable in the lateral zones of the bridge to correct the structural behavior. Finally, after adjusting the initial cable deformation as pre-stress, it was validated that the displacements during the construction and operation phases remained within acceptable limits, ensuring the correct functioning of the upper supports and the overall suspension bridge structural system
Análisis de los elementos estructurales utilizados en el diseño de una edificación de dos pisos con un sistema estructural liviano (Steel Framing)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Alarcón Cárdenas, Fredy Israel; Sánchez Sánchez, Xavier Rolando
The development of civil construction leads to industrialized and modern construction systems. One of these is Steel Framing (SF), cold-formed galvanized steel profiles enclosed by cement board, wood or gypsum board panels. In the Ecuadorian environment there is concern about the safety of its structural components. The seismic demand to which the country is subjected requires the construction sector to innovate construction systems, especially for the residential building sector, in order to carry out construction processes with less environmental impact and better seismic resistant behavior that guarantees the safety of the occupants. The materials used in the SF construction system lack reliability in the local market, since they are in a discrete commercialization state due to their low demand and limited consumer scope, which is mainly composed of professionals dedicated to real estate projects. In this study, the structural design of a 2-story residential building was carried out, verifying the mechanical properties of SF by testing its main structural elements. The samples were extracted from profiles available in the market and were analyzed through mechanical tests in several laboratories in the country. During the tests, tensilexvi behavior, metallography, hardness, chemical composition, electron microscopy and coating thickness measurements were evaluated. The results showed that the structural elements that make up the SF system meet the mechanical requirements requested by the structural design standards and its application is feasible in the proposed building, taking into account the good quality of the material used in the manufacture of the profiles used in this construction system. In addition to the results obtained numerically, it is important to emphasize the advantages of the SF, in terms of weight of its elements (light structures), speed of execution and good environmental practices in the construction process.
Análisis de los procesos de soldadura SMAW, GMAW Y FCAW en varillas de acero estructural corrugado ASTM A706, mediante juntas a tope con bisel en V simple y doble, y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas de la junta soldada
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Armas Real, Daniel Alberto; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
In order to provide an alternative to the traditional method of overlapping between reinforcing steel rods, it is intended to analyze some applicable welding processes to join reinforcing steel rods in the present work. The base material corresponds to reinforcing steel ASTM A706, the same one that is marketed nationally by the main steel mills and whose main characteristic is its good weldability. The welding processes used were the SMAW, GMAW and FCAW processes, and the joints used were single and double beveled butt joints for a rod diameter of 14 mm. The weld seams were made by a qualified welder and the welding processes were qualified by a welding inspector. The destructive tests carried out were the tension and macroetch tests, while the non-destructive test carried out was the penetrant dye test, which was carried out based on the structural welding code and based on structural welding code – steel reinforcing bars. Once the data was tabulated, the type of joint that presented the best mechanical properties for the FCAW process was the double V-bevel butt joint, while for the SMAW process good results were obtained for both types of bevel, however, after performing the analysis of welding costs, the type of butt joint with double V bevel was the one that reached the best cost-benefit ratio, despite the fact that compared to the other processes it was the most expensive; an additional benefit of this process is that it does not require an external shielding gas. The GMAW process, despite complying with the requirements of the code, did not obtain a good result in the percentage of elongation; Regarding the FCAW process, additional specimens were made to carry out the macroetch tests, because if a correct cleaning between passes is not carried out and the correct parameters are not used in the welding, a lack of fusion is obtained between the base metal and the base metal. input.
Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural de la unidad nueva del Hospital Básico El Puyo, ubicado en la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Cáceres Vargas, Andrea Carolina; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo Enrique
Seismic vulnerability in essential structures has been a subject of little analysis despite the importance that a building of this type entails, therefore, this research covers the constructive reality of the new unit of the Basic Hospital El Puyo, a structure built with regulations In force, however, the lack of technical criteria of the professionals who designed it significantly influenced the construction, generating cracking problems. During the development of this research, it was necessary to assess the vulnerability of this structure through quick visual inspections and the application of forms with the NEC 2015, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS methodologies. Then, non-destructive tests of concrete and soil tests were carried out in order to verify that the design plans have been respected. Subsequently, a mathematical model of this structure composed of two blocks was analyzed using structural design software, where, through a linear static analysis, it turned out that it presented torsion in one of its blocks, which is why a reinforcement was proposed. structural by means of steel stiffening diagonals in certain side frames. On the other hand, the current seismic performance of blocks 1 and 2 was considered, through a non-linear static analysis, obtaining as a result, that they do not meet the performance level for the rare design earthquake, since, the point The performance of these blocks is outside the capacity curve, its resistance being insufficient to meet the seismic requirements; Thus, under this criterion, the pushover was executed with the two reinforced structures, verifying that there is a good seismic performance. Finally, the soil-structure interaction analysis was carried out, verifying that the hospital unit presents permitted differential settlements.
Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural del edificio Colineal, ubicado en la parroquia Atocha-Ficoa, cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Romero Guamanquispe, Jorge Roberto; Núñez Aldas, Galo Wilfrido
In this degree work, as an initial part, a seismic vulnerability analysis of the metal structure buildings in the Atocha-Ficoa parish is carried out through quick visual inspections using the forms established by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-2015, FUNVISIS as well as by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States FEMA P-154, since through this study it was determined that the houses in this parish present a medium-high vulnerability, Thus, the most representative building was selected, the Colineal company building, which presents technical-constructive observations of structural order such as fissures, cracks, detachment of plaster on walls and floors, which has caused a premature deterioration of the infrastructure. For this reason, an analysis was carried out by means of mathematical models through the ETABS computer program, where a linear analysis was performed to verify structural parameters such as drifts, displacements, and vibration periods. Subsequently, a non-linear static analysis (Pushover) was performed to determine the capacity of the structure and its performance level in the presence of a seismic event, to finally determine, based on the performance obtained, a structural reinforcement system by means of concentric diagonals, which will provide greater stability, ductility and resistance to the building and through this constructive alternative improve its seismic performance level and adequately meet the technical criteria for life safety.
Análisis del comportamiento de conexiones rígidas para pórticos especiales compuestos mediante modelos de elementos finitos.
(Magister en Ingeniería Civil con mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2025) Castillo Altamirano Fausto Israel; Ramírez Cabrera Wladimir José
The present research focuses on the analysis of the behavior of connections for special composite frames, given the seismic hazard in Ecuador; three types of connections were studied: End Plate, External Diaphragm and Double Split Tee (DST) through finite element analysis, with square columns filled with concrete (Concrete Filled Tube, CFT). In the investigation it was necessary to apply the rotation protocols proposed by AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) in AISC 341-16. Non-linear contact between parts that make up the connections were used, as well as the definition of the constitutive laws of each material that makes up the connection in order to capture the plastic behavior under the cyclic loads imposed in the analysis. The results were analyzed by means of three criteria: hysteretic curves, plastic deformations and stress concentration. Altogether, the DST, End Plate and external diaphragm connections agree with the experimental tests of previous investigations. The plastic deformation mechanisms were mainly located in the beam resulting in the formation of the plastic hinge. The concrete filled column remained in the linear zone without higher stress concentration while the beam only had deformation at the point of the plastic hinge. The DST connection was the one that showed the highest capacity to the rotation of 0.04 rad, considering that it exceeded with 43% of the 0.8 times the plastic moment of the beam, followed by the End plate connection with 24% and the external diaphragm connection with 8%, which is why they are qualified as rigid connections according to AISC. In this seismic Ecuadorian environment, the present research emphasizes the relevance of using numerical analysis based on standards such as AISC, to evaluate the behavior of structural connections and their capacity to resist the real conditions of the seismic conditions
Análisis del comportamiento estructural del centro integral y cultural de los gobiernos parroquiales rurales de Pastaza en estructura metálica con el uso de aisladores elastoméricos, en la ciudad del Puyo, cantón y provincia de Pastaza
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) Velasteguí Lara, Janne Carolina; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy Fernando
The present research work performs an analysis of the structural behavior of a six-story building in metallic structure with the use of elastomeric seismic base isolators, which allows us to perform a comparative analysis of the structural behavior through the vibration periods that directly influence the floor drifts as displacements, of an isolated and non-isolated structure. It was performed prior to the analysis of several structural probabilities, seeking that the structure complies with the minimum seismic resistant requirements suggested by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard "NEC 15", as well as the Complementary Technical Standards for Earthquake Design, "NTC-DS-2017", the Chilean Standard "NCH-2745", the American Institute of Steel Constructions "AISC 341- 16" code and the American Society of Civil Engineers "ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13, which, by their design characteristics, provide seismic resistant safety. The mathematical model for the calculation was made based on the characteristics of the architectural and structural drawings, making a stabilized structure obtaining floor drifts and displacements in accordance with the requirements of the NEC-15 recommendations, consequently, the seismic isolation was made through the pre-dimensioning and design of the elastomeric base isolators with lead core type LRB. Subsequently, the scaled accelerograms were entered into the structural model of the software, in order to establish a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis and to obtain a real analysis of the structure, a nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the data entered into the software, results were obtained for a building without isolation, including: vibration periods, displacements, floor drifts, basal shear, accelerations, overvoltage of the structure and energy balances; likewise, the basic seismic isolation was implemented in which the expected results were obtained, in order to perform a comparative analysis of a structure with and without isolation.
Análisis del comportamiento estructural mediante el uso de aisladores sísmicos y disipadores de energía en un edificio de estructura metálica, aplicando la norma NEC-15
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Beltrán Vargas, Luis Miguel; López Arboleda, Gissela Vanessa; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
In this project there is the need of understanding the dynamical behavior of the building, so there are three structural models that are presented, the first model consisted in an analysis of a conventional building. In the second and third models, seismic isolators and energy dissipators were incorporated, respectively, taking into consideration the criteria of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13), American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16). In the first stage of the analysis, the structure was analyzed and balanced, applying the recommendations of the NEC-15. Once the building was stabilized, the analysis of the conventional structure was carried out in order to determine floor drifts and displacements. Subsequently, the pre-dimensioning and corresponding design of the base seismic isolators was carried out, which were considered as elastomeric type devices with a lead core. In the third model, the design of the energy dissipators was carried out. With the necessary information, the values were entered into the calculation program to carry out the study of the structuralxv models. Once the structural model was generated in the software, data from the accelerograms were entered in order to perform a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and a complementary nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the information entered in the software, the results for the first structural model were obtained, among the main results obtained from the structural package are: the floor drifts, displacements, displacement diagrams, energy balance diagrams, results of lateral loads, among others. In the same way, those analyses were developed in the structural models with the base isolation and energy dissipation devices, which, once the required results were obtained, a comparative analysis of the structural behavior was carried out, taking as main parameters of consideration the floor drifts, displacements obtained and energy balances.