Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas

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Análisis comparativo de la conducta sísmica del puente Norte de la ciudad de Salcedo en base a un rediseño del sistema estructural actual con base fija y aisladores sísmicos.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025-06) Reinoso Bonilla Carla Alexandra; Peñafiel Valla Lourdes Gabriela
Given the latent seismic risk that Ecuador faces due to its geographical location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, construction mitigates these risks in part by ensuring the safety, comfort, and economy of users. One of the components that ensures these axes is seismic isolation. However, in Ecuador, the application of these construction methods is limited, making it necessary to disseminate innovative systems that allow safeguarding the safety of the population. This research evaluated the effectiveness of LRB-type isolators as a viable solution to construction located in the current environment of the Ecuadorian territory at the central highlands level. Therefore, a comparative analysis was proposed between the conventional design system (mobile supports and fixed supports) and the seismic isolation system implementing lead-rubber bearing (LRB) supports. A modal and timehistory analysis were carried out, and compatible accelerograms were implemented to obtain a range of thorough results as close to reality as possible. As the main results of the investigation, the seismic isolation systems increase the efficiency of the seismic behavior of the bridge under a variation of speeds by a percentage of 10.57%, while in terms of accelerations, the percentage increases to reach 62.01%. The base shear shows a variation of 65.5% in favor of the isolated model, and finally, there is a variation of average displacements of 12cm, where efficiency is ensured through plastic deformation of the components of the LRB seismic isolator
Análisis del comportamiento estructural mediante el uso de aisladores sísmicos y disipadores de energía en un edificio de estructura metálica, aplicando la norma NEC-15
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Beltrán Vargas, Luis Miguel; López Arboleda, Gissela Vanessa; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
In this project there is the need of understanding the dynamical behavior of the building, so there are three structural models that are presented, the first model consisted in an analysis of a conventional building. In the second and third models, seismic isolators and energy dissipators were incorporated, respectively, taking into consideration the criteria of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13), American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16). In the first stage of the analysis, the structure was analyzed and balanced, applying the recommendations of the NEC-15. Once the building was stabilized, the analysis of the conventional structure was carried out in order to determine floor drifts and displacements. Subsequently, the pre-dimensioning and corresponding design of the base seismic isolators was carried out, which were considered as elastomeric type devices with a lead core. In the third model, the design of the energy dissipators was carried out. With the necessary information, the values were entered into the calculation program to carry out the study of the structuralxv models. Once the structural model was generated in the software, data from the accelerograms were entered in order to perform a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and a complementary nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the information entered in the software, the results for the first structural model were obtained, among the main results obtained from the structural package are: the floor drifts, displacements, displacement diagrams, energy balance diagrams, results of lateral loads, among others. In the same way, those analyses were developed in the structural models with the base isolation and energy dissipation devices, which, once the required results were obtained, a comparative analysis of the structural behavior was carried out, taking as main parameters of consideration the floor drifts, displacements obtained and energy balances.
Análisis dinámico no lineal de un puente colgante vehicular tipo de 100 metros de longitud ante cargas sísmicas y de viento, según AASHTO LRFD 2017 y NEC 2015
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Núñez Meneses, Jorge Luis; Medina Robalino, Wilson Santiago
The design of bridges is an area little shared in the third level of higher education, much less if they have special characteristics and large spans, such as suspension bridges. The present work contemplates the design of a 100-meter long suspension bridge, performing a linear and nonlinear analysis of wind and seismic loads, as well as assembling a document of manual calculations for the design of all the elements of the bridge, which can serve as a guide for professionals interested in this branch of engineering. As a first part, the analysis and design of the bridge super structure was carried out by means of dynamic analysis by vehicular loads, including, on the one hand, the wind load calculation method established in the AASHTO LRFD and NEC 2015 and, on the other hand, a wind tunnel. With a speed pattern equal to 80 mph (according to AASHTO LRFD), it was evidenced that the dynamic analysis by means of a wind tunnel is predominant with respect to the static analysis based on forces, since it shows in a real way the effects of the loads on each of the elements managing to obtain unfavorable situations, since, in general terms there are values of displacements higher by 10 percent. After the design of the superstructure, the analysis of the substructure under seismic loads was carried out, performing a spectral modal analysis vs. a nonlinear analysis in the time domain, using acceleration records of real earthquakes scaled to the design target spectrum, where the large differences between the demands produced in such analysis can be evidenced, although both methods are dynamic, it will always be advisable to perform it in the nonlinear range, since the real behavior of the seismic event is evidenced, besides allowing us to know the behavior and the variation of stresses and deformations during the duration of the seismic event. The nonlinear analysis in the time domain was performed based on 9 accelerograms that were scaled appropriately to the calculated target spectrum, whose results were unfavorable compared to the spectral modal analysis, since the calculated drifts are 74 percent higher in the Y direction; 10 percent higher in the X direction. Finally, a manual-type document with the design of the bridge elements according to AASHTO LRFD is presented.
Desempeño de estructura metálica mediante análisis dinámico con acelerogramas ajustados con espectro medio condicional (CMS)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Pérez Galarza, Christian Danilo; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
The present investigation is carried out in Huachi Loreto in Ambato city, starting as a first point, to identify the geological faults near this study site that can contribute to generate a seismic event that affects the structures in the area. Using empirical formulas, the value of the shear wave velocity was obtained based on calculated values, specific to the site, such as the length of the fault, source - study distance, focal depth, expected moment magnitude, and values of the number of blows of the SPT test performed in situ. This shear wave velocity allows determining the type of soil existing in the area according to the ranges established by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). Subsequently, an attenuation model was chosen (Montalva) that allows to determine, by applying certain equations called GMPEs (ground motion prediction equations), a possible behavior of the soil based on complementary data to those already mentioned specific to the site such as distance and hypocentral depth. From the GMPE graph and the uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) and applying certain equations determined in the Bakker model, the conditional mean spectrum (CMS) was obtained. The use of this spectrum allowed a comparison of the behavior of a metallic structure proposed in this study, with respect to the elastic spectrum imposed by the NEC. This comparison was made on the basis of the results provided by the nonlinear dynamic analysis (time-history), through which the performance of the same structure subjected to scaled seismic events was determined with respect to the CMS and the NEC spectrum. It was obtained as a result that the seismic demand produced by the NEC spectrum is greater than that produced by the CMS, since the pseudospectral accelerations have a great difference between these spectra, which is why the maximum displacements and drifts are reduced by approximately 65 percent by applying the CMS in the present investigation.