Maestría en Laboratorio Clínico Mención Microbiología Clínica
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Item COINCIDENCIAS DEL DIAGNÓSTICO DEL GÉNERO STREPTOCOCCUS ENTRE MÉTODO MANUAL Y EL MÉTODO AUTOMATIZADO EN EL LABORATORIO AUTOMATIZADO ZAMORA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-10-01) Zamora Sánchez, María Cristina; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánThe genus Streptococcus sp. They are gram positive cocci; these bacteria grow in chains or pairs which are oxidase and catalase negative. Among the groups that cause disease in humans are the most frequent such as Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) produces tonsillitis and impetigo, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the cause. Of the majority of pneumonias acquired in the community, Streptococcus viridans and its groups are the cause of dental abscesses, within the subgenus is Streptococcus mutas the main agent that causes dental cavities and without forgetting that it causes endocarditis is a common pathogen that causes severe and potentially complicated infections with the possibility of generating serious sequelae, hence the importance of rapid, accurate and timely identification. In this context, it is essential to evaluate the available diagnostic methodologies to determine their relative effectiveness. In particular, the performance of the manual method should be compared with the Vitek 2 Compact automated system, in order to evaluate the concordance between both approaches in the identification of Streptococcus sp. The objective of this study is To evaluate the agreement of the diagnosis of Streptococcus sp. between the manual method and the automated method in the Zamora Automated Clinical Laboratory in the period July and May 2023-2024. The methodology used for this study was Quantitative, non-experimental, observational, descriptive study with verification of coincidences in diagnostic tests for the identification of 100 culture samples with growth for Streptococcus sp. in two laboratories, verification of coincidences in diagnostic tests for identification in 100 culture samples with growth for Streptococcus sp. in two laboratories, using conventional and automated methods (Vitek 2 Compact). To obtain results, tests were carried out to Differentiation tests were performed, obtaining 100% negative catalase, 100% alpha hemolysis, 100% resistant bacitracin, 94% resistant optochin. The identification of pathogens of the genus Streptococcus sp. was carried out using two different methods: one manual and the other automated. The manual method, revealed the following proportions: 94% corresponded to Streptococcus of the viridans group, 6% to S. pneumoniae, and 0% to S. pyogenes. On the other hand, the automated method provide results with 89% of S. viridans, 6% of S. pneumoniae and 0% of S. pyogenes. These findings show a slight discrepancy in the proportion of S. viridans identified by both methods, while the identities of S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes remained constant between the two analytical approaches. The kappa index determined a concordance of 1 (almost perfect) according to the table between both methods for the identification of S. pneumoniae and 0.635 (considerable for identifying S. viridans. Based on these findings, a proposal was designed for the improvement of diagnostic skills according to the results obtained, the identification of the Streptococcus sp. by the manual method compared to the automated methodology (Vitek 2 Compact), presents high concordance, especially with S. pneumoniae. Strategies must be reviewed and implemented to improve the identification of this pathogen in laboratories how is the implementation of the automated equipment since it has a better identification in the subgenera of the viridans group which are of clinical interest in the dental areaItem Caracterización de bacterias multidrogoresistentes en infecciones urinarias de mujeres embarazadas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-01) Sánchez Tite, Viviana Paulina Licenciada.; Salazar Garcés Licenciada. Magister., Dolores KrupskayaUrinary Tract Infection (UTI), is a term used to indicate the growth of pathogenic microorganisms present in the urinary system, capable of producing functional and morphological alterations. Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are microorganisms that have acquired the ability to resist the action of several antibiotics, complicating their treatment. In pregnant women, urinary tract infections are common due to hormonal changes and the pressure of the uterus on the bladder, which prevents proper urine drainage and greatly facilitates the proliferation of pathogens. By carrying out an exhaustive characterization of the multidrug-resistant bacteria present in urinary infections of pregnant women attending clinical laboratory Tecnoanálisis aims to identify the most frequent microorganisms responsible for this type of infections and different resistances originated in this environment for it, the present study was a non experimental cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study with a quantitative approach, as it identified the different bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in pregnant women. Cultures that had a positive growth and met the characteristics for the study were used where different bacteria were isolated as Escherichia coli presented a higher percentage followed by Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae and Streptococcus agalactiae in the lowest percentage. Concluding that the development of gram-negative bacilli microorganisms predominates, while a minimal percentage corresponded to gram-positive bacteria, the analysis carried out showed that there is a high resistance for more than one antibiotic such as Ampicillin, Trimetropin/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, amoxacillin+ clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, with respect to multidrug resistance bacteria interpretation protocol, was based on the gestational age and results obtained from the samples processed in this research, taking into account natural and acquired resistance in a schematic form for easy interpretation by the beneficiaries.Item Coincidencias en la detección de toxoplasma gondii entre el método inmunocromatográfico y el método elisa en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en el hospital general Alfredo Noboa Montenegro.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-01) Guzmán Arellano, Maryori Tatiana Licenciada; Ana Gabriela. Bioquímica Farmacéutica Magister, Pacha JaraToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that represents a challenge for public health due to its ability to infect humans and animals, without necessarily showing clinical manifestations. It is considered a Group 2 risk agent, that is, moderate individual risk and low community risk. However, it has a great impact on populations with compromised immune systems because it has the ability to damage the central nervous system. Pregnant women are among the vulnerable groups, as they can have significant complications, such as neurological, visual, and auditory disorders, and even the death of the newborn. This work focused on analyzing the coincidences in the detection of Toxoplasma gondii between the immunochromatographic method and ELISA in pregnant patients treated at the Alfredo Noboa Montenegro General Hospital. The study was carried out using a non experimental cross-sectional and correlational design, with a quantitative approach. The results indicated that the sample presented a balanced distribution in terms of age, with a predominant concentration of low results in the ELISA IgG and IgM tests, and a moderate dispersion around the mean value. The IgG immunochromatography test showed a clear and adequate interpretation, while the IgM revealed a low prevalence of positive results, suggesting the need for further evaluation for indeterminate cases. Although the IgM immunochromatography test presents higher sensitivity, the IgM ELISA presented a greater consistency in the reporting of results. The statistical analysis did not show significant differences between the Immunochromatography and ELISA tests, suggesting a similar capacity to detect positive and negative cases. In conclusion, the results obtained from the comparison between the Immunochromatography and ELISA tests for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii suggest that both methodologies present a similar capacity to identify positive and negative cases in the analyzed sample