Ingeniería Civil
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Item Optimización de la red de alcantarillado tributaria a la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales Piñanatug de la parroquia Moraspungo cantón Pangua provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-08) Endara Ramos Kevin Andres; Moya Medina Dilon German; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThis project comprehensively optimizes the sanitary sewerage network tributary to the Piñanatug Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), located in the Moraspungo parish, Pangua canton. This initiative arises in response to a significant issue: an atypically high water demand, discovered after conducting surveys to verify the actual per capita consumption, which was quantified at 401.44 liters per inhabitant per day. To resolve this situation, a new hydrosanitary system was strategically projected for a twenty-five-year design horizon, guaranteeing its future viability. The technical design encompasses the implementation of an extensive 4.5 kilometer network, utilizing 200-millimeter diameter PVC pipes. This hydraulic configuration ensures continuous compliance with the tractive forces necessary to facilitate the self-cleaning of the conduits, drastically minimizing any future blockages and reducing maintenance costs. Regarding the WWTP facilities, the in situ verification of the volumetric capacity of the existing septic tank and Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF) confirms that they comply with the established parameters, such as the Required Theoretical Total Volume and the retention period. Additionally, pretreatment units were incorporated, including a screening system and drying beds intended for the proper stabilization of sludge. It is imperative to highlight that, due to the imminent and severe risk of scour and fluvial flooding, the technical evaluation dictates the relocation of the plant as a mandatory action. Finally, the construction of this vital sanitation infrastructure will require a budget of USD 643,082.89, executable in 44 weeks.Item Diseño de la conducción de agua potable del sector Yanayacu a Mochapata, para la parroquia Mochapata del cantón Quero, Provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-22) Chiza Montilla Bryan Sebastian; Soria Pugo María Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThe purpose of this technical project is to design a gravity-fed conveyance line intended to supply the community of Mochapata, which belongs to the Quero canton in the province of Tungurahua. This degree project responds to the need to provide a reliable and efficient service, considering the importance of water resources for the overall well-being of families in the area and for productive activities. The applied methodology was structured into three phases. In the initial phase, the catchment source was located and evaluated, determining the available flow based on spring outflows using the volumetric method and verifying water quality through physicochemical analyses. Additionally, socioeconomic surveys were conducted with beneficiary residents of the parish to determine consumption patterns and their perception of the current service. Subsequently, a topographic survey of the proposed conveyance route was carried out using GNSS equipment with the RTK method. The data were processed in AutoCAD Civil 3D to define alignments and longitudinal terrain profiles. Based on this information, the second phase involved hydraulic sizing, considering parameters such as allowable pressures, head loss, flow velocities, and effects associated with water hammer. Finally, in the last phase, a unit price analysis of the construction items was developed to estimate material, equipment, and labor costs needed to ensure the system’s technical and economic feasibility. The proposed design includes the use of 63 mm diameter PVC pipe with a thickness of 2.5 mm and resistance up to 1.00 MPa. The conveyance system will operate by gravity, achieving a velocity of 0.40 m/s, a condition that provides a constant flow and reduces the risk of sedimentation. Pressure break chambers and air release valves were also considered, strategically adapted to the area’s topography. The technical proposal ensures the supply of drinking water in response to the community’s current needs.Item Diseño y evaluación del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario de la parroquia El Carmen, cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-22) Véliz Quishpe Karla Melissa; Morales Fiallos Fabian Rodrigo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilEn Ecuador, las entidades rurales enfrentan persuasivamente faltas en infraestructura de saneamiento básico. La parroquia El Carmen, ubicada en el cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi, representa un caso típico donde la ausencia de sistemas de alcantarillado sanitario genera múltiples problemas sanitarios y ambientales. Los habitantes dependen actualmente de métodos rudimentarios como pozos sépticos y letrinas, que ocasionan contaminación del suelo, infiltración de líquidos contaminantes y emisión de olores desagradables, afectando negativamente la calidad de vida y generando riesgos para la salud pública. Según los datos dados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, aproximadamente 4,200 millones de personas carecen de acceso adecuado al saneamiento y el 80% de las aguas residuales se vierten sin tratamiento previo. Esta situación se replica en sectores como El Carmen, donde la falta de infraestructura sanitaria adecuada contribuye a la degradación de fuentes hídricas y afecta el bienestar comunitario. La propuesta técnica del proyecto se desarrolló mediante tres fases secuenciales. Durante la primera fase inicial, se ejecutaron estudios preliminares, que comprendieron el levantamiento topográfico utilizando equipos de alta precisión, la implementación de instrumentos de recolección de información como son las encuestas que fueron dirigidos a los habitantes de la zona de intervención, y la evaluación del consumo hídrico local. Posteriormente, en la segunda etapa, se elaboró el diseño hidráulico de sistema, aplicando los lineamientos establecidos por SENAGUA y la Normativa Boliviana NB 688, complementados con los criterios técnicos especificados en las “Normas para el Estudio y Diseño de Sistemas de Agua Potable y Disposición de Aguas Residuales para Poblaciones Mayores a 1000 habitantes”. En esta etapa se involucró la determinación de los parámetros hidráulicos esenciales como caudales de diseño, velocidades, gradientes hidráulicos y secciones transversales, certificando el correcto dimensionamiento óptimo de todos los elementos que conforman el sistema. La tercera y última etapa, se centró en el análisis de factibilidad económica, determinando los requerimientos de inversión necesarios para la ejecución del proyecto.Item Diseño de la tubería de conducción de agua para la junta administradora de agua del caserío lacón de la parroquia San Bartolomé de Pinllo, cantón Ambato, 0+000 km – 6+000 km(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025) Farinango Quishpe Marlon Leonel; Portilla Yandun Favio PaulThe main objective of this technical project is the design of a drinking water transmission pipeline for the Lacón hamlet, which belongs to the parish of San Bartolomé de Pinllo, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. The project covers an initial section of 6 km from the water catchment source. This proposal was developed as a solution to current issues such as leaks, inadequate pressures, and outdated infrastructure, which directly affect the local population's access to quality water. The methodology was divided into three stages. First, an inspection of the study area was carried out, during which the water source was identified, the flow rate was measured using the volumetric method, and water quality was analyzed through physicochemical laboratory tests. Socioeconomic surveys were also applied to users to gather information on water consumption and their opinion about the service. Next, a topographic survey of the proposed pipeline route was conducted using GNSS equipment with the RTK method. The data were processed in AutoCAD Civil 3D to define the route and longitudinal profiles of the terrain. Finally, based on this information, the hydraulic design was developed, considering aspects such as pressures, head losses, flow velocity, and water hammer effects. Components such as pressure-break chambers and air and purge valves were also determined, adapting to the area's topography. The proposed design ensures an efficient and continuous potable water supply for the Lacón hamlet, improving the quality of life for its inhabitants. A 90 mm diameter, 4.3 mm thick Plastigama brand PVC pipe will be used, capable of withstanding up to 1.25 MPa. Water will be conveyed at a velocity of 0.45 m/s, ensuring an adequate flow, and minimizing the risk of sedimentation. In conclusion, this solution is adaptable to population growth and ensures the long-term durability of the system.Item Optimización del sistema de distribución de agua potable del barrio “Cuilche Miño”, cantón Latacunga para garantizar la eficiencia del servicio(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025) Toaquiza Pila Anderson Israel; Maldonado Narváez Lenin RafaelThis technical project was carried out in the neighborhood of Cuilche Miño, located in the parish of San Juan de Pastocalle, Latacunga canton, Cotopaxi province. The potable water distribution system (PWDS) in the area was built in 2003 to serve 95 users; however, it currently supplies 225 users, far exceeding its original design capacity. This situation, along with the imminent end of the system’s design life (25 years) and the unplanned expansions executed without technical oversight, has led to operational deficiencies such as overpressures, low flow velocities, and inadequate service quality. Therefore, a detailed study and a viable solution for this sector became necessary. The process began with the collection of baseline information, including a topographic survey using RTK and a detailed inventory of the existing infrastructure. Subsequently, the entire hydraulic infrastructure of the network was evaluated to determine its current condition. Additionally, through computational hydraulic modeling under static and dynamic conditions, deficiencies such as overpressures, inadequate velocities, and critical nodes were identified. Finally, an optimization proposal was developed, based on regulatory criteria, which included a detailed hydraulic design, unit price analysis, and a referential investment budget. The diagnostic phase identified physical deterioration in key components of the system. The hydraulic modeling showed overpressures in most nodes and low velocities in a large portion of the network. As a result, a comprehensive redesign of the PWDS was proposed, with a 25- year design period and a projected future population of 1242 inhabitants. The new network includes 12.78 km of PVC pipelines, covering a total area of 180 hectares. Furthermore, efficient performance was achieved: 98% of nodes and over 78% of pipelines operate within the technical parameters established by national regulations, effectively controlling overpressures and excessive velocities to ensure a high-quality, continuous, and sustainable service for the Cuilche Miño neighborhood.Item Diseño de la tubería de conducción de agua para la junta administradora de agua del caserío Lacón de la parroquia San Bartolomé de Pinllo, cantón Ambato, 6+000km-12+000km(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025) Pérez Moreno Rubén Alejandro; Paredes Beltrán Bolívar EduardoThe main objective of this titling project is the design of the drinking water pipeline of the Water Administration Board of the Lacon hamlet, in the section between km 6,000 and km 12,000 milestones, in the parish of San Bartolomé de Pinllo, Ambato canton. To this end, a detailed study was prepared that included a high-precision topographic survey, a complete hydraulic design, the analysis of the transient pressures caused by the water hammer and the verification of the regulatory parameters established by the National Institute of Environmental Studies (NTE INEN) 1108 and the MAATE guidelines. The hydraulic design was based on the Darcy-Weisbach formula, which allows for a better calculation of the pressure losses that occur in the system, considering the properties of the fluid, the material of the piping and the flow regime. It was established that the total pressure loss should not exceed 20 meters and that the available piezometric height guarantees continuous supply throughout the network. In addition, the analysis of overpressure due to water hammer was used, whose maximum value was 18.21 m. This played a key role in determining the pressure class of the pipe and integrating the hydraulic protection devices. The network simulation was designed with EPANET, and the topographic and longitudinal design was carried out with Autodesk Civil 3D, among other tools used to model the system. This confirmed the technical, hydraulic and economic feasibility of the proposed pipeline system. It is concluded that the design is effective, safe and adapts to the topographical conditions of the area and constitutes an efficient way to supply drinking water to the population of the Lacón hamlet, which will contribute to the sustainable development of the communityItem Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales existente en el barrio Cochaló el Carmen, Cantón Píllaro, Provincia de Tungurahua(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025) Ruiz Villafuerte Emilio Alejandro; Maldonado Narváez Lenin RafaelThis technical project aims to design a sanitary sewer system and assess the operational capacity of the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the neighborhood of Cochaló El Carmen, located in the Píllaro canton, Tungurahua province. As a first step, a high-precision topographic survey was conducted using a GNSS RTK system. This data enabled the accurate definition of the terrain’s geometry, delineation of the study area, and projection of the beneficiary population based on information collected through community surveys. Subsequently, the hydraulic design of the sanitary sewer system was developed in accordance with current Ecuadorian regulations. The projected population reached 316 inhabitants for a 25-year design horizon, with an estimated daily potable water supply of 150 liters per capita. The technical design included the detailed calculation of the average daily sanitary flow rate, peak instantaneous flow, and the selection of minimum pipe diameters of 200 mm in PVC, appropriate longitudinal slopes, and flow velocities within acceptable operational ranges. Regarding the existing treatment plant, a comprehensive evaluation of its components was performed through technical inspections and laboratory analyses of both influent and effluent. Key parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), surfactants, and fecal coliforms were analyzed. Although the plant demonstrated acceptable removal efficiency for BOD₅, COD, and TSS, high concentrations of surfactants and fecal coliforms were detected in the effluent, indicating deficiencies particularly in units such as the UpItem Diseño de la red de alcantarillado sanitario para los sectores de Bellavista y Langasa, del cantón Salcedo, de la provincia de Cotopaxi(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025) Cruz Obando. Jose Francisco; Maldonado Narváez Lenin RafaelThe proper management of wastewater through sanitary sewer systems is essential for safeguarding public health and preserving the environment. However, several areas within the Salcedo Canton, located in Cotopaxi Province, still face deficiencies in the coverage of this basic service. In this context, the primary objective of the present project was to design a sanitary sewer network for the sectors of Bellavista and Langasa. The technical proposal was developed in three methodological phases. In the first stage, preliminary studies were conducted, including a high-precision topographic survey, the implementation of structured surveys among local residents, and an analysis of water consumption. The second phase involved the hydraulic design of the system, carried out in accordance with the “SENAGUA” regulations and the “Bolivian Standard NB 688,” as well as the criteria outlined in the “Standards for the Study and Design of Potable Water and Wastewater Disposal Systems for Populations Over 1000 Inhabitants.” This phase included the calculation of flow rates, velocities, slopes, and pipe diameters, ensuring the appropriate sizing of each component. The final phase focused on the economic evaluation to determine the investment required for project execution. The proposed design includes a network consisting of 63 inspection manholes and 62 pipeline segments, totaling an approximate length of 3.37 kilometers. Additionally, the operational capacity of the wastewater treatment plant “Jesús del Gran Poder,” located in the eastern sector, was assessed. It was found to be partially in acceptable condition; however, deficiencies in specific components were identified, which compromise its efficiency in handling the projected flow rate of 2.82 L/s. Based on these findings, it is concluded that some components of the existing infrastructure require redesign and corrective maintenance in accordance with the applicable technical standards. Furthermore, the total budget estimated for the implementation of the project amounts to $260,030.97, including materials, labor, and other necessary resources.Item Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario para el sector Joya Alta, cantón Patate, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Mesias Erazo, Marco Vinicio; Frías Torres, Alex XavierSanitary sewer systems are currently considered a basic service, as they are fundamental in preventing environmental pollution and protecting public health. For this reason, and in response to the need of the residents of the Joya Alta sector for a sanitary sewer system that ensures optimal quality of life, this project was carried out in three phases, allowing us to achieve the overall objective. In the first phase, a preliminary study of the sector's conditions was conducted. Surveys were carried out in all beneficiary households, and a georeferenced topographic survey was completed. In the second phase, the necessary parameters were determined to design an optimal system that complies with the specifications established by current national standards, as well as international standards that align with Ecuadorian regulations. Finally, in the third phase, an economic analysis of the proposal was performed. Additionally, beyond the established objectives, an evaluation of both the infrastructure and the proper functioning of the components of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the La Joya community was conducted. This evaluation ensures the treatment of wastewater generated by the design of this sanitary sewer network. Upon completing the design, the following results were obtained: the sanitary sewer network of the Joya Alta sector spans a total of 2.586 km, including 72 inspection manholes and 70 PVC pipe segments, covering a total study area of 27.13 hectares. Furthermore, it was verified that the network meets the guidelines established in the standards applied to this project. Finally, a construction schedule was established for a period of four months, with a total budget of $235,543,12. The project will improve sanitary and environmental conditions while promoting economic and social development in the Joya Alta sector.Item Diseño de las obras de drenaje de arte mayores y menores desde el km 0+000 hasta el km 4+500 de la vía que une el sector de Calamaca con la represa de Chiquiurco, Ambato, Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Ramos Abril, Cristian Lorgio; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoThe project is located in the parish of San Fernando, having its origin in the sector of Calamaca and its destination in the reservoir of Chiquiurco, because it is an empirical way presents the lack of drainage works of major and minor art. For this reason, the project was divided into three stages. The first consisted of a topographic survey and hydrological studies, obtaining data from the meteorological station of the Chiquiurco reservoir from 2013 to 2024, in order to determine the maximum flow rates. The second was based on proposing the locations and dimensions of the surface and crown ditch, culverts and bridges, with the objective of complying with the parameters established by the hydraulic design standards for road works. Finally, the third was based on determining the items and unit prices of the project. The result of the maximum intensity of the site was 47.51 mm/h, so the maximum flows in the area were subsequently calculated, obtaining a total of 17 culverts for the entire road with a dimension of 500 mm in diameter, while for the surface ditch a triangular shape was proposed with a dimension of 0.63 m at the base and 0.20 m in height. For the crown gutter, a rectangular shape was proposed with a dimension of 0.30 m base and 0.20 m height.