Ingeniería Civil
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Item Determinación del peligro sísmico determinista para las estructuras del sector Pishilata ubicado entre las calles Troncal de la Sierra, Real Audiencia de Quito, Horacio e Hipócrates de la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Sevilla Samaniego, Jairo Alejandro; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonThe purpose of this research project is to calculate the period of vibration of three type structures located in the study area, also to obtain a deterministic spectrum for this sector expressed as the acceleration of gravity Sa (g), to compare it with the response spectrum of the NEC 2015. For this process, the following steps were carried out: Identify the tectonic regime in the study area, select the seismic sources (geological faults) with the longest length and the closest ones capable of producing a significant movement that affect the study site, such as Ambato, Huachi, Totoras, Samanga and Subduction failure fail. By means of the standard penetration test (SPT) the average speed of the shear wave Vs30 approximate for the type of profile was calculated using an empirical correlation between the uncorrected standard penetration resistance (N) and the shear wave velocity (Vs). The magnitude of momentum for each selected fault was calculated, based on the Wells-Coppersmith methodology, using parameters such as the distance to the epicenter, hypocenter and focal depth. Through the Soil Movement Prediction Equations (GMPEs) you get acceleration spectra and through an envelope of all spectra of maximum acceleration the deterministic spectrum is achieved, which is compared with the response spectrum of the NEC 2015. The accelerations given by the deterministic spectrum for buildings that have structural periods between 0.10s to 0.60s are greater than the spectrum of the NEC 2015, which means that structures with 1 to 5 floors have a higher degree of risk.Item Estudio de peligro sísmico determinista para las estructuras del cantón Ambato – sector Huachi Loreto - barrio El Buen Pastor(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Rodríguez Sisalema, José Luis; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe present research work starts from the tectonic recognition capable of producing a movement of the terrain affecting the study area, for which information from studies carried out by the NeoTec was used. The soil analysis was carried out by means of the SPT test which was applied in 5 points, 4 perimetral and 1 central, thanks to this it was possible to determine the type of existing soil with which the Vs30 wave velocity was calculated. With this information, the characteristics of each fault were analyzed, including the type of fault, its seismic activity and the distance closest to the projection on the fault surface was calculated, all these parameters together with other criteria were essential to select the most dangerous potential failures. Subsequently, all these particularities were used in the Attenuation Equations, chosen according to the tectonic regime of Ecuador. Finally, it was possible to obtain a specific spectrum of maximum accelerations for the study sector, which proceeded to compare the specific Spectrum with the NEC Spectrum presented by the Ecuadorian construction regulations. The result of this comparison presented a critical interval in which the Specific Spectrum exceeded the acceleration values of the NEC Spectrum. Finally, the comparison is also presented with the results of a static and dynamic linear analysis in the structural behavior of three representative buildings of the sector, each with different geometric characteristics.Item Experimentación práctica de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la lavadora de autos Octopus ubicada en la av Manuelita Sáenz del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Villacis Villacis, Edwin Belisario; Pinto Almeida, Carlos Damián; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present experimental work executes the construction of a wastewater treatment plant, inside “OCTOPUS” car wash located in Manuelita Saenz Avenue. In order to validate the design of the treatment plant, the verification of the flow of the washing machine was carried out, once it has determined that the existing flow is similar to the design flow the construction process started, it was executed in 10 working days. The wastewater treatment phases in operation are: screening, sedimentation, grease trap, grease storage and an unconventional phase which comprises a 3-stage filter, each stage has a different filter material: peat bed, volcanic pyroclast and activated carbon, materials that were selected based on past thesis works and were the most efficient among a group of several filter materials. The operation of this treatment plant will be evaluated through 4 chemical tests to the water, which are: DBO5, DQO, Suspended solids, Oils and fats. The tests are taken with samples taken both at the entrance (influencer) of the PTAR and at the exit of it (effluent). The results obtained in the wastewater treatment plant have an accuracy of 83%, the oils and fats parameter meet the limits established by the TULSMA.Item Experimentación práctica de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la lavadora de autos Octopus ubicada en la av Manuelita Sáenz del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Pinto Almeida, Carlos Damián; Villacis Villacis, Edwin Belisario; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present experimental work executes the construction of a wastewater treatment plant, inside “OCTOPUS” car wash located in Manuelita Saenz Avenue. In order to validate the design of the treatment plant, the verification of the flow of the washing machine was carried out, once it has determined that the existing flow is similar to the design flow the construction process started, it was executed in 10 working days. The wastewater treatment phases in operation are: screening, sedimentation, grease trap, grease storage and an unconventional phase which comprises a 3-stage filter, each stage has a different filter material: peat bed, volcanic pyroclast and activated carbon, materials that were selected based on past thesis works and were the most efficient among a group of several filter materials. The operation of this treatment plant will be evaluated through 4 chemical tests to the water, which are: DBO5, DQO, Suspended solids, Oils and fats. The tests are taken with samples taken both at the entrance (influencer) of the PTAR and at the exit of it (effluent). The results obtained in the wastewater treatment plant have an accuracy of 83%, the oils and fats parameter meet the limits established by the TULSMA.Item Determinación de una constante para el cálculo del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón con agregados de las minas GADMFO: La Conde, Guayusa y Punino 2, del cantón Francisco de Orellana, provincia de Orellana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Manosalvas Ramos, Jefferson Ismael; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoThe study began with the sampling of the aggregates of the three mines, under the INEN 695 standard and its subsequent reduction to test size according to INEN 2566; The characterization tests of the aggregates were then carried out to establish their suitability to be used in the concrete indicated in INEN 872; In addition to obtaining the real density of the INEN 156 cement. Based on the above, mixtures for compressive strengths of concrete of 21 and 24 Mpa were carried out, using the optimum density method. For the final dosages, a total of 168 cylindrical specimens according to INEN 3124 were performed, with the corresponding tests in the fresh state such as: INEN 1763 sampling, INEN 1578 settlement, density, performance and air content INEN 1579; as well as in a hardened state obtaining the compressive strengths INEN 1573 at ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, allowing to graph the age curves vs. resistance to compression and stress vs deformation of the concrete, finally the determination of the modulus of static elasticity (MEE) was performed in a total of 72 specimens following the regulations of ASTM C469. Based on this, the following constants are proposed for your local application depending on the origin of the material and equation used, thus having the values of 0.0408, 0.0356, 0.0445 and 0.0439 for the mines of Guayusa shaken, crushed, La Conde and Punino respectively for replacement in the equation (15) the value of 0.043 and the values of 4850, 4140, 5275 and 5190 in the same way in the equation (16) both in MPa.Item Diseño geométrico de la alternativa vial Shuyo – Pinllopata en el tramo km 0 + 000 – 4 + 000 perteneciente a los cantones Pujilí y Pangua de la provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Jerez bunces, Fernando Javier; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoThe present technical project of beginning with the topographic survey, made with the total station, to determine the type of surface of the land in order to relate to the regulations and proceed with the layout. For the determination of vehicular volume, a method of manual counting was chosen during the 7 days of the week that took place from Monday, June 3, 2019 to Sunday, June 9, 2019 with a duration of 12 hours a day. The data obtained served to determine the Average Daily Traffic (TPDA) proceeding with the methods of the equivalent vehicle and the thirty hour. With the data obtained in the field, we proceeded with the geometric design of the road in a horizontal, vertical and transversal direction, taking into account the criteria and design standards in force in the Ecuadorian state. Once the geometric design was developed, we proceeded to obtain the mass volumes by means of the vertical design of the road, to later elaborate the referential budget of the section of the road under study. The aforementioned procedures are tabulated for easy interpretation and the geometric design is elaborated in properly georeferenced plans.Item Evaluación funcional y estructural del pavimento de la vía Manuelita Saenz desde la intersección con la av. Quiz Quiz hasta la intersección con la av. José Peralta(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Salinas Villegas, Edisson Xavier; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlThe purpose of this technical project is to carry out the evaluation of the operation and structural conditions of the pavement of one of the main collector roads located south of the city of Ambato. The thesis began with the determination of the TPDA through a traffic analysis through the realization of counts and categorization of the vehicles that circulate on the road. For the functional evaluation of the pavement, the PCI (Pavement Condition Index) method was used, which is based on a visual classification of the faults of the tread layer of the pavements for their respective assessment quantitatively according to the level of damage that has the same. To complement the above information, the measurement of deflections in the pavement was carried out through the Benkelman beam to verify compliance with the admissible deformations. Additionally, a soil study investigation was carried out, it was discovered that the properties of the particle layer of the pavement structure complied with the specifications proposed by MTOP. Finally, in the study of asphalt concrete, the percentage of bitumen of several samples taken from two sections of the track was obtained. It was determined that in the old asphalt concrete the percentage of asphalt is lower than the optimum while the repaved section meets the required specifications Finally, this thesis is concluded with a budget of the most deteriorated sections.Item Estimación de pérdidas de caudal y coeficiente de rugosidad del tramo comprendido entre el óvalo 12 al 19 del canal de riego Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo, cantón Cevallos, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Salazar Hidalgo, Katherine Dayana; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe purpose of the present investigation is the estimation of volumetric losses of flow and roughness coefficients in the Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo conduction channel between ovals 12 to 19, which comprise the sector of the Cevallos Canton. The experimental work starts with the completion of the topographic survey of the stretch under study with the help of equipment provided by the Technical University of Ambato, followed by the geometric measurement of previously selected cross sections every 500 meters or in long and straight stretches due to the sinuosity of the channel, obtaining 24 schematic sections where punctual velocity readings were taken with a pinwheel or digital flow meter. Once the field phase was completed, analytical tables were prepared in Excel to examine the data obtained and to determine, based on formulas and calculation methods, values that allow the study objective to be fulfilled; this has also been achieved with the help of free software HEC-RAS, in which the flow characterization in the channel has been carried out through simulation and correlation of several calculations made. As a conclusion to the experimental work, an infiltration loss was obtained that does not exceed 0.158 m³/s-km and it is over the lower limit of 0.005 m³/s-km, which corresponds to the maximum infiltration loss for a new concrete calculated according to the theoretical method of Uginchus, both estimates given between ovals 14 and 15. Similarly, a Manning roughness coefficient of 0.018 was determined. Representing a contribution for further research, results achieved lead to the efficient use of water resources in the region, based on the physical and hydraulic characteristics in the conduction system.Item Modelación numérica para determinación de la eficiencia de los sumideros de aguas lluvias tipo T45 modificado con barrotes circulares aplicando mecánica de fluidos computacionales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Morocho Avemañay, Braulio Darío; Paredes Cabezas, Geovanny AnibalThe present experimental work, determines the hydraulic efficiency in the collection of water in drains implanted in urban roads, also compares different configurations of sinks in terms of their hydraulic efficiency based on previous research, and validates the present work by inserting new geometric parameters of the configuration of sinks suggested by current regulations. In order to comply with the proposed objectives, a software with application of computational fluid mechanics was used, where three-dimensional simulations are carried out and is a tool that allows the resolution of problems related to fluid movement. The test platform was modeled on a real scale, with a transverse slope of 2 and 4% and a longitudinal slope of 0.5 and 4%, the flow rates on the road vary from 16.91 l/s to 111.65 l / s. Two models were considered for the analysis of hydraulic efficiency, model S1: a sump located on the track, model S2: two sinks placed in series on the track. After this, the simulation of each scenario is performed, the flow values captured by the sump are taken at 25 seconds because the flow stabilizes from 20 seconds. The hydraulic efficiency for the modified type T45 sump with circular bars is calculated using the flow rate values. The results indicate that the modified T45 model with circular bars, has greater hydraulic efficiency than the normal T45, therefore, it is possible to implement these on the roads for better rainwater collection efficiency, in addition to the hydraulic efficiency of the model S2 is larger than the S1 model, so if you have the appropriate geometric conditions on the track, you can use the S2 model, if you want a larger hydraulic feedback.Item Estimación de pérdidas de caudal y coeficiente de rugosidad del tramo comprendido entre el óvalo 01 al 11 del canal de riego Ambato - Huachi - Pelileo, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Romero Córdova, Félix Sebastián; Maldonado Narvaez, Lenin RafaelThe purpose of this project is to estimate the losses of the Flow and Coefficient of Roughness of the section between Oval 01 to 11 of the Ambato - Huachi - Pelileo Irrigation Canal, Cantón Ambato, Tungurahua Province. This experimental work began with the obtaining of the topography of the place of study, the determination of specific velocities and the flow that circulates through the channel under study, the realization of mathematical calculations to obtain the volumetric losses and the coefficient of roughness in the channel, finally the numerical modeling with the help of the HEC-RAS software. Topographic data were collected with the help of the Trimble M3 model total station. The specific speeds were determined with the help of the DMM-4000 model windlass, these were determined every 250 meters ensuring that said point is not located in any curvature of the channel, then with the help of several mathematical processes we determine the flow losses existing in the channel and the roughness coefficient raised in this. In addition, a numerical modeling was performed in the HeCRAS software to estimate its hydraulic behavior under different operating scenarios. The results obtained a volumetric loss value of 0.045 m3s higher than the minimum value referenced in the Uginchos method and an average value of 0.017 for the roughness coefficient equivalent to a concrete coating, according to Robert Manning.