Enfermería
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Item VALORACION DE LA CAPACIDAD FUNCIONAL Y FISICA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE UNA COMUNIDAD ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Pumasunta Pumasunta Evelyn Gissela; Espín López Valeria Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Aging is a natural process that entails physical, biological, social and psychological changes, resulting in a gradual deterioration of physical and functional capabilities, as well as an increased risk of loss of autonomy over time. Objective: To assess the functional and physical capacity in older adults in an Ecuadorian Community Methods: A quantitative study, with a cross-sectional, correlational design and descriptive scope, was carried out in the “Unidad Santa Anita de Adultos Mayores” in the province of Cotopaxi in the community of Ilimpucho, the sample was 20 older adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated. The Lawton and Brody Scale and the Bateria de capacidades fisicas (BCF) were used. Informed consent was obtained and SSPS version 27.0 was used for analysis and comparisons. Results: The minimum age was 67 years and the maximum was 81 years. It was identified that 63% of the older adults evaluated have a satisfactory physical condition with a slight dependence on their functional capacity. When analyzing the relationship between functional and physical capacity, we found that 63.6% of participants with satisfactory physical capacity presented a slight dependence on their functional capacity. Conclusions: Older adults with better physical condition tend to have less functional dependence, which highlights the importance of promoting adapted physical activity to preserve independence and quality of life for healthy aging.Item INTERVENCIÓN MULTICOMPONENTE EN ADULTOS MAYORES CON RIESGO DE SÍNDROME DE FRAGILIDAD(2025-06-17) Ushco Baño, Sandy Dayana; Espín López, Valeria Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that aging is an irreversible process that human beings experience, it is associated with a decrease in muscle and bone mass. Since it causes a gradual deterioration of physical, cognitive and psychological functions. Objective: Determine the effectiveness of the multicomponent intervention in older adults at risk of frailty syndrome Methods: The research is quantitative, quasi-experimental design, longitudinal section, descriptive scope, it was carried out at the Sacred Heart of Jesus Nursing Home, Ciudadela neighborhood. Spain, in the period March - June 2024, the sample was 23 older adults. A pre and post test was assessed using the Barthel Index, Reduced Battery for the Assessment of Physical Performance (SPPB) and walking speed, where informed consent was obtained for the same, for this the SSPS program version 26.0 was used for the analysis of data. Results: The minimum age of the sample was 67 to 92 years. It was evident that at the beginning 60.9% presented moderate dependence, after the intervention it reached 34.8%. Regarding the moderate limitation at the beginning it was 34.8%, after the intervention it was 30.4%. Conclusions: Older adults who completed the multicomponent exercise program improved their physical condition, physical and functional dependence, which highlights the importance of implementing this intervention for healthy aging.Item INTERVENCION DE ENFERMERIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES CON INSOMNIO(2025-06-17) Muso Eugenio, Erick Rubén; Espín López, Valeria Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: aging is loosely related to the chronological age of the person and in turn to the loss of physical, functional, psychological and social capacities. Sleep is a physiological process of fascination and of vital importance for the comprehensive health of the human being, the aging process alters the stages of sleep, which in the long term has side effects and represents economic costs for those older adults who are prescribed with pharmacological treatments. The amount of sleep remains constant throughout adult life, which is why doctors recommend that older adults sleep 7 to 8 hours a day to meet their sleep needs. There are sleep problems in older adults and one of them is insomnia, which is reflected in their daily lives, which is why music therapy appears as a non-pharmacological treatment to help reduce insomnia. Objetive: to evaluate the effect of nursing intervention in older adults with insomnia. Method: this research is quantitative, quasi-experimental in design, longitudinal and descriptive in scope. It was carried out in a period between April 2024-June 2024, in the province of Tungurahua, Canton Ambato, Parroquia La Matriz, Neighborhood Ciudadela España. The sample was 21 older adults from the Hogar de Ancianos Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: the results obtained in this research demonstrate that music therapy as a nursing intervention has positive effects on older adults with insomnia. Conclusion: with the application of the Athens Test before and after the music therapy sessions, a significant improvement was shown in various aspects of sleep, such as difficulty falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings and total sleep duration.Item INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERIA EN EL DETERIORO DE REGULACION DEL ESTADO DE ANIMO EN ADULTOS MAYORES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Molina Peralta, Rodney Misael; Espín López, Valeria IsabelIntroduction: The high prevalence of mood impairment disorders in older adults with dementia leads to negative effects on quality of life. Doll Therapy or dollassisted therapy is proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention for this condition, based on theories of attachment, transitional object, and personcentered approach. Objective. Determine the effect of nursing interventions on the deterioration of mood regulation in older adults. Methodology. Quantitative, quasiexperimental and longitudinal study, conducted in 18 institutionalized older adults with dementia. The Mini Mental Test and the Differential Inventory of Adjectives for Mood State (IDDA-EA) were applied before and after the intervention with Doll Therapy for 4 weeks, with 3 weekly sessions lasting 60 minutes each. Results. The participants presented dementia according to the Mini Mental Test. The pre-intervention IDDA-EA revealed low levels of activation, elevated levels of stress and decreased arousal. After Doll Therapy, statistically significant improvements were found in the activation dimension (p=0.025), reflecting an increase in energy, interest, and disposition levels. Conclusion. Doll Therapy proved to be an effective nursing intervention to improve mood regulation in institutionalized older adults with dementia, specifically in the activation dimension. It is recommended to extend the application time to consolidate positive effects on the dimensions of stress and arousal.Item CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ADULTOS MAYORES AGRICULTORES CON DOLOR CRÓNICO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Gaibor Lezano, Holguer Alejandro; Espín López, Valeria IsabelIntroduction: A relevant component that harms the level of quality of life is the appearance of illnesses associated with pain, especially in adult farmers. The repetitive effort, the maintenance of an incorrect posture, the working conditions and especially in the agricultural environment, I think that your health is deteriorating. Objective: Determine the association of the quality of life of older farmers with chronic pain. Methods: Research with a quantitative focus, observational-transversal design and correlational scope, the population was carried out by older adults who attended the Greater Adult Club “Virgen del Guápulo”, whose sample consisted of 23 people selected through intentional probabilistic sampling based on inclusion and inclusion criteria exclusion, whichever applies three instruments: a sociodemographic survey, the Latineen Index that evaluates chronic pain and quality of life WHOQOL-BREF. Results: The majority of older adults showed moderate pain level (69.6%), regular quality of life (64.7%). The bilateral significance value of the Chi squared test of Verosimilitud Ratio is 0.038<0.05. Conclusions: The investigator's alternative hypothesis is accepted; to decide, if there is an association between the quality of life and the level of pain that adult farmers present.Item AUTOCUIDADO Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ADULTOS MAYORES: UNA REVISION DE LA LITERATURA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Capuz Toalombo, Andrea Paola; Rojas Conde, Luis GeovannyObjective: Analyze the results of self-care and quality of life of older adults through a bibliographic review. Method: Literature review study, with documentary and descriptive design, following the guidelines of the updated PRISMA guide. The search was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed, MedlinePlus, BVS, Scielo and Google Scholar, using descriptors in Health Sciences. In addition, inclusion criteria were applied with original articles and case studies published between 2018-2023 in English and Spanish, with free access and with a rigorous methodological process. Results: The analysis of 56 articles revealed that self-care practices are associated with improvements in the quality of life of older adults. Key factors were identified such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, adequate management of chronic medical conditions, and maintenance of active social networks. Studies showed a positive correlation between the level of self-care and various quality of life indicators, including functional independence, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that self-care plays a fundamental role in the quality of life of older adults. Interventions that promote healthy habits, adaptation to change, and social connection appear to be particularly effective. The implementation of self-care promotion programs in primary care and community services is recommended to promote active and healthy aging.Item CALIDAD DE ATENCION PERCIBIDA EN PACIENTES CON HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA EN SALUD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02) Joselin Elizabeth, Serrano Aldaz; López Pérez, Grace PamelaBackground: the study analyzed the quality of care perceived by patients with high blood pressure in a health center in Ecuador, considering dimensions such as accessibility, opportunity, continuity, comprehensiveness and cultural competence of the services. Hypertension in older adults represents a public health problem in the region; (2) Methods: quantitative, transversal and descriptive design. The sample was 40 patients over 65 years of age with HTN. A validated 10-item questionnaire was applied on perceived quality in several dimensions: accessibility, opportunity, continuity, comprehensiveness and cultural competence; (3) Results: limitations were evident in the capacity to respond to urgent needs, lack of continuity in care by the same professional, deficiencies in mental health counseling and moderate dissatisfaction with services; (4) Conclusions: there are significant gaps in the quality of primary care for hypertensive patients regarding accessibility, opportunity, comprehensiveness and cultural competence. Improvements are required in these areas to ensure more responsive and patient-centered care.Item Valoración del patrón autopercepción en los adultos mayores en un centro geriátrico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-21) Sánchez Criollo, Darwin Jonathan; Chipantiza Córdova, Tannia ElizabethThe aging of the world's population makes studies of each of the characteristics of this stage of the human being increasingly essential. Based on these studies, it will be possible to carry out analyses and recommendations on the subject, from which improvement plans for the health care of this age group will emerge. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of self-perception in older adults in a geriatric center. It was a descriptive, qualitative and field study. The population consisted of 10 older adults residing in a nursing home. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection, in which six aspects were assessed: personal attitude and behavior, body image, emotional factor, posture and movement, eye contact and voice and speech pattern; all this, after signing the informed consent. Upon analyzing the results obtained, it became evident that sadness is the most notorious self-perceived by the older adults, followed in order: the low mobility they have within the institution; the need for human contact and data of physical deterioration such as: decrease in visual acuity and locomotor limitations. It is concluded that older adults deserve attention to their physical needs and emotional support to cope with the final stage of human life and, therefore, establish specific care to provide a more appropriate lifestyle.Item Perfil epidemiológico de síndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Moya Moya, Erica Pricila; Herrera López, José Luis Lic. Mg.Introduction: The epidemiological profile associated with frailty syndrome aims to inform to health professionals about the parameters which should be considered for a correct clinical assessment. Hence, the clinical patient can count on an early treatment, which could suppress adverse health events such as: disability, increased morbidity, mortality, dependence and falls. Therefore, the patient's quality of life will improve and functional deterioration will decrease. Objective: To draw up an frailty syndrome's epidemiological profile in elderly people based on information collected at the San Miguelito's Health Centre located in Píllaro - Ecuador. Methods: The data collection instrument will correspond to three phases, the first one seeks the recognition of the area of influence of the study, in this case is the canton Santiago de Píllaro, the second phase will concern the coverage of the study subjects by sociodemographic and age particularities, finally, to establish the instrument is a priority to validate through the pathological features determined by the authors cited. This information is derived from the Ministry of Public Health (MSP), through the clinical histories of the patients. In addition to this, descriptive statistics were used, as well as measures of central tendency, with the purpose of explaining how the different aspects interact by means of cross tables elaborated in spreadsheets. Results: Frailty is associated with age around 75.72 years with an standard deviation of 7.16. On the other hand, the diseases with the highest presence per case study are sarcopenia (22.75% - 78.17 years), Hypertension (22.10% - 76.80 years), Diabetes (10.065% - 76.54 years), Anaemia (9.63 - 79.61 years) and Depression (6.37 - 78.83 years). Conclusions: Regarding to the epidemiological profile's elaboration, not only those ailments with the highest incidence in the health centre, but also their contrast with age were taken into account.Item Sobrecarga del cuidador de adultos mayores dependientes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Chango Morales, Viviana Nataly; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy Cristina Lcda. Mg.Introduction: Aging is a dynamic, progressive and irreversible process that results in multiple changes affecting the ability to perform daily activities on their own, therefore, older adults require a caregiver, that is, a person who dispenses care especially if they present disability or dependence. Objective: To determine the prevalence of caregiver overload in dependent older adults. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, crosssectional and field study. The population consisted of 90 primary caregivers of an older adult population to whom the Zarit test was applied after signing an informed consent form; being the census sample. For the collection of the information, the Declaration of Helsinki related to the ethical aspects of research with human beings was taken into account. Results: The highest percentage of caregivers were women who presented levels of intense overload. Conclusion: There is an intense overload in the study population, so it is important for health personnel to intervene to prevent this overload from affecting the caregiver's life and, therefore, that of the older adult.