Tesis Ingeniería Agropecuaria
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Item Adaptabilidad de trece cultivares de brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. Itálica L.) En el cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi.(2022-11) Cuji Bunsi, Yomara Esthela; Veloz Naranjo, Walter OswaldoIn the present study, the adaptability of broccoli cultivars (Brassica oleracea var. Itálica L.) was evaluated: Avenger, EMBR940, MKS-B106, EMBR958, MKS-B116, EMBR924, MKS-B111, Roxanne, Haiyan, EMBR266, EMBR944, EMBR258 and Kin 257, where the percentage of capture was established where the cultivar EMBR924 was the one that obtained a better range of capture and the cultivar Kin 257 obtained the lowest range of capture, in terms of plant height at 30 days the best range was obtained by cultivar EMBR924 with an average of 21.50 cm, while for the height of the plant on the days of harvest it was the cultivar Avenger with an average of 75.41 cm, for the variable days to harvest after transplantation, the cultivar EMBR958 was the one that presented a shorter cycle with an average of 82 days. For the equatorial diameter and the weight of the pellet, the most representative cultivar was Avenger with an average of 942.80 grams, followed by the cultivar EMBR940 with an average of 658.67 grams, being an ideal weight for marketing, for the other variables. As for compactness, shape and color, the cultivars Avenger, EMBR940 and EMBR258 presented the best characteristics such as the well-formed and compact dome, in addition a bluish green color was observed. With these classification variables, it was possible to define the cultivar with the best response to be cultivated in the Molino Pata neighborhood sector located in the Pujilí canton, in the province of Cotopaxi, which in this case were the Avenger cultivars with a yield rate of 27.32 Tn/ha and the EMBR940 cultivar presenting balanced characteristics in the physical aspect of its pellet, in addition to a yield rate of 18.82 Tn/ha.Item Evaluación de diferentes proporciones de sustratos en el crecimiento de plántulas de uvilla (Physalis peruviana)(2022-09) Toscano Mañay, Jessica Alexandra; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueSubstrates are of great importance to achieve a good development of seedlings, because they allow them to develop a good root system in order to obtain a better quality. The cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) is a fruit species from the Andean territory that is considered a wild fruit, since its seeds are more easily propagated. In the present work, the effect of different proportions of substrate on the development of cape gooseberry seedlings was evaluated in order to determine the treatment that would allow obtaining better quality plants with desirable characteristics. Six treatments were evaluated: T1 (agricultural dream 100%), T2 (agricultural soil 50% + guinea pig manure 50%), T3 (agricultural soil 40% + sawdust 20% + rock flour 40%), T4 (sand 50% + rock flour 30% + sawdust 20%), T5 (agricultural soil 70% + sawdust 30%) and T6 (agriculturalsoil 70% + rock flour 30%). A completely randomized block experimental design with three replications was used. The variables evaluated were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length and percentage of useful plants. Data were collected 30, 40, 60 and 80 days after planting. The best treatments were T1 (agricultural soil 100%) and T6 (agricultural soil 70% + rock flour 30%). The variable number of leaves, an average of 3.53 was recorded at 30 days and 5.17 at 80 days, with a difference of 1.64 leaves. Plant height was 1.03 cm at 30 days and 4.53 at 80 days. The stem diameter variable showed a difference of 0.09 cm from day 40 to day 80. For root length, mean values were 7.99 cm at 40 days and 15.58 cm at 80 days, with a difference of 7.59 cm. The percentage of useful plants was 53% with treatment T1. It is concluded that there is an influence of the different proportions of substrates on the growth and development of seedlings.Item Identificación de nematodos fitoparásitos asociados al cultivo de rosa (rosa sp), en el sector Lasso provincia de Cotopaxi(2018) Rocha Rocha, Luis Bolívar; Pérez, MarcoEl presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de identificar las diferentes especies de nematodos fitoparásitos que se encuentran asociados al cultivo de rosa (Rosa sp), en el sector Lasso, provincia de Cotopaxi, barrio Saquimalag mediante los respectivos muestreos de suelo en cuatro variedades de cultivares de rosa. Para la investigación se procedió a la colección de muestras y llevadas a laboratorio para ser analizadas mediante la extracción. El método conocido del embudo de Baerman y el método de Centrifugación, se analizó daños radiculares como fisiopatias mediante la extracción de la planta en su totalidad, se colectó la muestra de raíz completa pura. La morfometría de los especímenes se preparó laminas microscópicas semipermanentes y fueron observadas al microscopio de contraste de fase (leica DM1000) y por último la identificación de las especies,se tomó en cuenta el estado adulto del nematodo para analizar longitud de cuerpo, estilete, cabeza y cola, la identificación de género de acuerdo al tipo de esófago , tamaño de cola del nematodo y tipo de estilete. En la investigación no se aplicó ningún diseño experimental ya que el cultivo está establecido se realizó el estudio en laboratorio, teniendo en cuenta los factores en estudio de cuatro variedades de cultivares de rosa y como tratamientos dos fincas florícolas, para el análisis de datos se utilizó programas estadísticos y relacionados a los cálculos matemáticos y porcentuales.Item Cambios en los sistemas agropecuarios campesinos: la ganaderización en zonas agricolas de Tungurahua(2017) Parco Asitimbay, Aida Ximena; Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro PabloPalabras claves: ganadería, pastos, campesino, cambio climático, suelos. xiv SUMMARY The objective of this work was to identify the main changes in the agricultural systems: the effect of the cattle raising in the agricultural areas of Tungurahua. Two peasant communities were selected considering the proximity to the moorland and evidences of changes from agriculture to livestock. it was applied a sampling non-probabilistic, 47 polls were carried out in San Luis de Chibuleo and 30 in Atillo. In addition, 12 soil samples were analyzed: six in the community of San Luis, three of soils with grown potato (L1C1) and three of soils with pastures (L1C2); and six in the community of Atillo with the same characteristics (L2C1) and (L2C2). By means of the obtained results it is determined that the population that dedicates to these activities has an average age between 42 to 52 years. In addition, the results indicate that peasants surveyed have bovine an average of 5 heads. The main factors identified associated with the changes have been: climate change; costs of production and milk market. The cattle raising also had favorable effects such as increased fertility in pasture soils (12.67% MO and 75.67 ppm Nitrogen). Also observed that the amount of K and Mn had high values, although not significant in soils with pastures, Likewise the production of milk is helping at feeding of the peasants, because It is providing at their families around (2 L/ day) and generate a permanent income for the family (between 270 and 442 USD / month). On the other hand, the unfavorable effects like as pressure on the moorland due to animal grazing, reduction of the area of agricultural crops (potatoes) and greater food dependence of the market. The results suggest the need to incorporate agroecological practices and balance the components: livestock, agriculture and forestry of the UPAs.Item Etapas fenológicas del maíz (Zea mays L.) VAR. Tusilla bajo las condiciones climáticas del cantón Cumandá, provincia de Chimborazo(2017) Guzmán Buñay, Dennys Alexander; Gutiérrez A., AlbertoThe research work was carried out with the aim of contributing and generating data on the maize (Zea mays L) cultivation cycle, var. Tusillla to program the commercialization and the volumes of water to be applied in each phenological stage, to be divulged to the producers and for educational purposes the experimentation was carried out in the Canton Cumandá, province of Chimborazo, in the sector known as "La Victoria" in The Rosero estate located on the Bucay-Riobamba road with geographical coordinates: Latitude: S 2 ° 20 'and Longitude: W 79 ° 15' at an altitude of 312 meters above sea level. Statistical analysis was applied with means of central tendency (Means, Standard deviation), the results were as follows, for the plant height variable in the final stage of the culture the average was 285.2 cm, for the root depth variable in the Same stage presented an average of 38.9 cm, relating height and radical depth we have 1/5 of the aerial part with the radical depth. In the variable days at harvest, the time from planting to dry harvest was 141 days. This is due to the climatic conditions presented in the experiment especially in relation to the high relative humidity. In the variable coefficient of the maize crop, the values given by FAO56 were taken where the coefficient of cultivation (Kc) for the initial stage is 0.7 with a duration of 21 days, at the development stage the crop coefficient increases, up to To reach its maximum crop coefficient (Kc), which is 1.20, this occurs after 44 days, in the intermediate stage the consumptive use of the plant reaches its highest point the value of Kc 1.20 remains constant for 42 days, in the Final stage the Kc descends until reaching 0.60 with a duration of 34 days. The phenological stages of maize cultivation in the climatic conditions of Cumandá, had these durations for the initial stage 21 days, for the stage of development 44 days, for the intermediate stage or mid season the duration was 42 days and For the final stage or maturing 34 days, which allows us to know when the crop needs more or less water and fertilizers in addition can be scheduled the moment the product is ready to be marketedItem Fermentación ruminal in vitro y cinética de degradación ruminal in situ de dietas a base de fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis)(2017) Silva Ruilova, Jonathan Oliveiros; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on breadfruit (Artacarpus altilis) on ruminal fermentation in vitro and kinetics of in situ ruminal degradation in cattle. On the apparent dry matter digestibility (DIVMS, DIVMO), dry matter degradation kinetics (DMS, DMO, DFDN, DFDA) and in vitro gas production (PGIV), 6 cannulated bulls of approximately 2 years Of age and 350 kg of live weight distributed in a completely randomized design, subjected to 3 treatments and 6 repetitions. For the treatments T1: 100% alfalfa, T2: 80% alfalfa + 20% breadfruit and T3: 60% alfalfa + 40% breadfruit. The IVDMD and DIVMO was higher P = (0.0006) for T3 (504.5; 517.4 g / kg respectively). The DMS and DMO fraction the soluble fraction (A), the insoluble fraction (B) and (c) degradation rate in percent per hour, did not show differences between treatments, whereas for DMS, K (0.05 h -1 and 0.08 H-1) effective degradation presents differences P = (0.0001, 0.0005 respectively) between treatments, with the highest percentages being T3 (59.6, 56.4) and T2 (57.8, 55.3) respectively. As for the effective degradation DMO, K (0.02 h-1 and 0.05 h-1) presented difference P = (0.0001) between treatments, obtaining the highest T3 results (62.4 and 57.5 respectively), K value (0.08 h- 1) was higher in T3 and t2 (54.1 and 52.4) presenting difference P = (0.0001) with respect to T1. For the DFDN, (A) does not present difference P = (0.3085) between treatments. While for (B) and (c) they show differences P = (0.0215 and 0.0320) respectively, being those with higher value T3 (37.0 and 0.092 respectively). With respect to K (0.02 h-1, 0.05 h-1 and 0.08 h-1), there were P = (0.0001) differences between treatments obtaining the highest T3 results (44.2, 37.8 and 33.7), respectively. Regarding DFDA, the parameters under study: (A), (c) did not present any difference, while for (B) the highest value was obtained T3 (32.8), presenting difference for P = (0.0104) with respect to T1. The DFDA K (0.02 h-1) presented its highest values in T2 and T3 (29.2 and 28.5), with a difference in P = (0.0005) in relation to T1, while in K (0.05 h -1 and 0.08 h -1) Did not show difference P = (0.1602 and 0.2303 respectively) between treatments. It was concluded that (Artocarpus altilis) could be used in diets for cattle up to 40%.Item Comportamiento productivo de ovinos alimentados con dietas a base de fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis)(2017) Silva Bastidas, Arsenio Oliveros; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of diets based on breadfruit (Artacarpus altilis) on the productive behavior of sheep. Eighteen male sheep with a mean age of 7 to 8 months and a weight of 22.23 kg were used. A completely randomized design (DCA) was used, with three treatments and six replicates, in addition to an analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5%, with the statistical package SAS 2009. The treatments were T1: 100% alfalfa. (Witness); T2: 80% alfalfa + 20% breadfruit; T3: 60% alfalfa + 40% breadfruit. The variables evaluated were: voluntary nutrient intake (CVMS, CVMO, FVCF and FVCFN), weight gain (GP g / day) and feed conversion (CA), voluntary consumption of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber Presented difference P = (0.0001) between treatments being the one of greater consumption T3 (1652.71; 1560.16; 872.63g) respectively. Regarding the consumption of acid detergent fiber, difference P = (0.0001) between treatments was observed, with the highest T1 value (585.77g). Regarding the weight gain presented difference P = (0.0001) between treatments obtaining the highest weight gain T3 (218.88 g / day). The feed conversion presented difference P = (0.0001) obtaining the smallest result T3 (7.55). Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that sheep fed diets containing 40% of breadfruit inclusions constitute an alternative food resource, being able to improve the productive parameters obtaining a good productive response, possibly due to the content of non-structural carbohydrates present In T3Item Efecto del consumo de dietas a base de fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis) sobre la digestibilidad de los nutrientes en ovinos(2017) Ruilova Ruilova, Ruth Araceli; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of diets based on breadfruit (Artacarpus altilis) on the digestibility of nutrients in sheep. For which 12 male sheep with an average age of 7 to 8 months and an average weight of 23.50 kg were used, a completely randomized design (DCA) was used, with three treatments and four replicates, in addition to an analysis of variance and Test of Tukey to 5%, with the statistical package SAS 2000. The treatments were T1: 100% of alfalfa. (Witness); T2: 80% alfalfa + 20% breadfruit; T3: 60% alfalfa + 40% breadfruit. The variables evaluated were: Voluntary intake of nutrients (CVMS, CVMO, CVFDN and CVFNA), Apparent nutrient digestibility (DMS, DMO, DFDN, DFDA) Being the highest value T3 and T2 (1651.29 and 1594.21 respectively). The voluntary consumption of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber presented differences (P = 0.0002 and 0.0001) between treatments, with the highest consumption T3 (1558.82; 871.88) and T2 (1496.96; 835.37) respectively. While for the voluntary consumption of acid detergent fiber shows differences (P = 0.0001) being its greater consumption T1 and T2 (583.01 and 582.26) respectively. Regarding the apparent digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, differences (P = 0.0001) were observed between treatments, with the highest T3 digestibility (48.23 and 43.34), respectively. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber did not show a difference between treatments (P = 0.2208), based on the above results, and the differences between the treatments (P = 0.0001) and the highest digestibility T3 and T2 (55.58 and 53.91 respectively) It can be concluded that the incorporation of breadfruit in sheep diets can improve the digestibility of nutrients, possibly due to the non-structural carbohydrate content present in T3, which can improve the ruminal environment.Item Desarrollo fenológico del cultivo del fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Var. Cargabello en el cantón Bucay provincia del Guayas(2017) Villalba Yánez, Juan David; Gutiérrez A., AlbertoThe research work was carried out with the aim of contributing and generating data on the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop cycle to plan the commercialization and volumes of water to be applied at each phenological stage, to be disseminated to farmers and For educational purposes. According to the GPS Global Positioning System, it is at a height of 352 meters above sea level, and in geographical coordinates of 2º 12 '15 "south latitude and 79 ° 07'33" west longitude. Statistical analysis was applied with means of central tendency (Means, Standard deviation), where the following results were obtained, for the plant height variable in the final stage of the culture the average was 48.9 cm, for the root depth variable in The same stage presented an average of 32 cm, relating height and radical depth is 2/3 of the aerial part with the depth of the root. In the variable days at harvest, the time elapsed from sowing to dry harvesting was 102 this is due to climatic conditions that arose in the experiment especially in relation to high relative humidity. In the variable coefficient of the bean crop, the values given by FAO56 were taken, where the coefficient of cultivation (Kc) for the initial stage is 0.4 with a duration of 23 days. At the development stage the crop coefficient increases gradually, After 30 days reaches its maximum coefficient of crop (Kc) of 1.15 that presented in the intermediate stage since at this stage the consumptive use of the plant reaches its highest point the value of Kc remains constant for 28 days, In the final stage the Kc descends until reaching 0.35 with a duration of 21 days. Phenological stages of bean cultivation in the climatic conditions of Bucay, Guayas province had these durations for the initial stage 23 days, for the stage of development 30 days, for the intermediate stage or mid season the duration was 28 days and For the final stage or maturation 21 days, which allows us to know when the crop needs more or less water and fertilizers in addition can be scheduled the moment the product is ready to be marketed KEYWORDS: Phenological stages, bean, cultivation coefficient, root depth, plant height, Bucay.Item Etapas fenológicas del cultivo del pimiento (Capsicum annuum. L) VAR. Verde, bajo las condiciones climáticas del cantón general Antonio Elizalde (Bucay) provincia del Guayas(2017) Buñay Vallejo, Cristhian Jhon; Gutiérrez A., AlbertoThe research work was carried out with the aim of determining the cycle of cultivation of pepper var. Verde, in the climatic conditions of General Antonio Elizalde (Bucay), province of Guayas, the research work was carried out on the estate of Mr. Olmedo Buñay in the general Antonio Elizalde (Bucay), Guayas province, located in the Sector of the Bucay road - Enclosure. Lemon River. The geographical coordinates are: 2 ° 20 'South latitude and 79 ° 15' West longitude with an altitude of 320 meters above sea level. Statistical analyzes were applied with means of central tendency (Medias, Standard deviation), where the following results were obtained for the variable plant height in the intermediate stage of the crop presented an average of 30.9 cm, for the variable depth in the Intermediate stage presented an average of 27.2 cm, data that when relating them one obtains 1 to 1 of the aerial part with the depth of the root. For the variable coefficient of the pepper crop, the values given by FAO56 were taken where the coefficient of cultivation (Kc) for the initial stage is 0.6 with a duration of 25 days, at the development stage the crop coefficient increases, then Of 45 days reaches its maximum crop coefficient (Kc) of 1.15 that presented in the intermediate stage, in this stage the consumptive use of the plant reaches its highest point the value of the crop coefficient (Kc) remains constant for 38 Days here the crop reaches its commercial maturity. In the variable days at harvest the days from sowing to harvest were 108 this is due to the climatic conditions under which the work was carried out during the period of the research work. The phenological stages of the pepper crop in the climatic conditions of the general canton Antonio Elizalde, province of Guayas had for the initial stage a duration of 25 days, for the development stage a duration of 45 days and for the intermediate or mid season season The duration was 38 days which allows us to know the time when the crop needs more or less water and fertilizers additionally that with this we know the time when the product is ready and in this way allows us to satisfy the demand of the local market . KEYWORDS: Phenological stages, pepper, crop coefficient, root depth, plant height.