Carrera de Biotecnología
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Item Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de Bacillus subtilis AC01 microencapsulado frente a Cladosporium fulvum CC-FCAGP-Cf-Epi10 y Botrytis cinerea CC-FCAGP-Bc-MG001 hongos fitopatógenos del tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Caiza Coque, Alex Jhoel; De la Torre Olvera, Helena MaritzaKidney tomato is a vegetable of great nutritional and commercial value in Ecuador, but its cultivation is affected by phytopathogenic fungi such as B. cinerea and C. fulvum, which cause diseases, reducing the production and quality of the product, negatively affecting the economy of farmers. One way of control is the application of synthetic chemicals, raising costs and environmental pollution. For this, the use of biocontrol microorganisms emerges as an ecological and sustainable alternative. In this study, viable cells of B. subtilis AC01 were cultured and microencapsulated by spray drying, using maltodextrin and gum arabic as encapsulating agents, obtaining an efficiency of 82.5 percent and 90.53 percent. The Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique confirmed the correct packaging of the cells. Through in vitro tests, a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 10 mg per mL and a Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) of 50 mg per mL were determined for the fungus C. fulvum CC-FCAGP-Cf-Epi10. These results show that microencapsulated B. subtilis AC01 can significantly reduce the incidence of diseases, offering effective biological control. In conclusion, microencapsulated B. subtilis AC01 has great potential as a sustainable alternative for the control of phytopathogens in kidney tomato crops, allowing to reduce the dependence on synthetic chemicals, decreasing production costs and the environmental impact in Ecuador.Item Evaluación in vitro del efecto antifúngico del aceite de hierba Luisa (Cymbopogon citratus) microencapsulado frente a Cladosporium fulvum Cooke(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Núñez Cazares, Steven Rodrigo; Tubón Usca, Irvin RicardoThe lemon verbena plant (Cymbopogon citratus) has leaves that are very aromatic and elongated. It is the main producer of essential oils which allow it to carry out protective functions against pathogens. Due to its tranquilizing, antibacterial and antifungal properties, it is used in agriculture, food and medicine The present study focused on evaluating the antifungal effect of microencapsulated lemon verbena (C. citratus) essential oil against the pathogen Cladosporium fulvum Cooke. For this purpose, an in vitro methodology was developed using different concentrations of the microencapsulated oil and compared with a control group. The results obtained revealed that the microencapsulated lemon verbena oil showed a potent antifungal effect on C. fulvum. A significant inhibition of mycelial growth was observed at all concentrations evaluated, demonstrating its ability to combat the development of the pathogen. In addition, an analysis of the morphological characteristics of the treated colonies was carried out, where a marked alteration in texture and color was evidenced, suggesting a direct impact of the oil on the fungal structures. These findings suggest that microencapsulated lemon verbena (C. citratus) essential oil could be a promising alternative for the biological control of C. fulvum in future agricultural and crop protection projects. This research provides clear evidence of the antifungal potential of microencapsulated lemon verbena (C. citratus) oil against C. fulvum, which could represent a natural and sustainable solution for the control of this pathology in agriculture.