Carrera de Biotecnología
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/34800
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Item Evaluación de la biodegradación y propiedades mecánicas de diferentes formulaciones de bioplástico obtenidas a partir del aprovechamiento de colágeno residual y almidón de papa (Solanum tuberosum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Miquinga Lasluisa, Cinthya Alejandra; Flores Tapia, Nelly EstherPlastic pollution is one of the most critical problems we face, as the population continues to prefer this material for its versatility in daily life. However, the accumulation of plastics causes serious problems in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, affecting all beings that inhabit them. In addition, poor waste management has similar repercussions. This study focused on evaluating the biodegradation and mechanical properties of a bioplastic made from biopolymers recovered from organic waste, such as starch and collagen. For the production of bioplastics, collagen and starch were extracted by thermal hydrolysis and the wet method. Different formulations were used, varying the concentrations of starch and collagen, and two plasticizers were used: polyvinyl alcohol and glycerin. The aim was to develop a rapidly degrading material with optimal mechanical strength characteristics. It was determined that the most efficient collagen extraction was achieved at 120 minutes, with the highest yield. The presence of glycerin increased the flexibility of the sheets, while polyvinyl alcohol gave them more rigidity. The sample with a 1:1 ratio of flesh collagen showed higher tensile strength compared to the others. In biodegradation tests, faster decay was observed in water than on land; On land, the sheets with flesh collagen degraded more quickly. Therefore, it can be deduced that sheets made with flesh collagen and wet blue have optimal characteristics for the manufacture of bioplastics.Item Caracterización de la nanoestructura superficial, la absorción espectrofotométrica y las propiedades elásticas macroscópicas de películas compuestas de almidón de maíz (Zea mays L.) y colágeno(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Caluña Panimboza, Erika Estefania; Casado Rojo, SantiagoIn view of the growing global concern about plastic pollution, the United Nations seeks to significantly reduce waste generation by 2030 by promoting the production of bioplastics as a highly viable solution. The objective of this research was to characterize the surface nanostructure and physicochemical properties of films composed of corn starch (Zea mays L.) and collagen. For this purpose, films composed of corn starch and collagen were prepared at different concentrations. The addition of 1 percent (mass over volume) collagen to films composed of 5 percent starch and 1 percent glycerol significantly improved the mechanical and optical properties. ATR-FTIR tests revealed good molecular integration, and UV Visible spectrophotometry indicated a decrease in opacity in films with higher collagen content. Optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images demonstrated a dense, structured and homogeneous fibrous network in the collagen-containing films. Moisture and solubility analysis showed an increase at higher collagen concentrations, due to its hygroscopic nature. Elastic properties indicated that the formulation with 1 percent collagen offered the best balance between tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB) and elastic modulus (EM). The improvement in mechanical properties, coupled with nanoscopic characterization, offers an in-depth understanding of how components and structure affect material performance, opening new possibilities for designing bioplastics with specific properties