Tesis Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
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Item Efecto del polen, lactosa y su combinación en los órganos inmunes y sobre las poblaciones microbianas cecales de pollos broilers(2019-03) Chico Robalino, Carlos Gustavo; Montero Recalde, Mayra AndreaIn the present investigation, the effect of pollen, lactose and its interaction on lymphoid organs and cecal microbial population in broilers of Cobb 500 genetic line was evaluated. The study was carried out preparing four diets, the first T0 without any additive, the second T1 with 0.5% pollen, the third T2 with 2.5% lactose and finally the fourth T3 with the combination of the two aforementioned additives and at the same concentration. The experimental diets were administered only during the first two stages of development (pre-initial and initial). 40 animals were used for the analysis, with 10 experimental units for each diet. On day 14 an animal of each experimental unit was sacrificed to take length, weight and pH of the organs of the digestive tract. ADEVA Variance Analysis and Tukey test were used to process the data collected in relation to lymphoid organs and colony forming treatments (CFU) of the bacteria. In the study of the morphometric indices (I.M.), significant differences were found between the means of the treatments in the I.M. Bursa (P = 0.0199), where the best treatment was T1 (0.5% pollen). In the case of I.M. Spleen and I.M. Thymus, no statistical significance was observed between the means of the treatments (P> 0.05) respectively. As for the relationship between organs like; Bursa / Spleen, Bursa / Timo and Timo / Spleen, no statistical difference was found for any treatment (P> 0.05). Within the colony forming units, for enterobacteria, statistical significance was observed between treatments (P <0.05), being the best T2 (2.5% lactose), while for UFC of E. coli it was observed that both T2 (2.5% lactose) and T3 (0.5% pollen + 2.5% lactose) acted in a similar way reducing their number in the cecum.Item Efecto de la harina de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) para mejorar los parámetros productivos en pollos de engorde(2015) López Albuja, Daniela Alejandra; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe present investigation evaluated the effects of Romero flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) in diets for broilers in the Puerto Arturo sector, belonging to the Izamba parish of Tungurahua Province, with this research it was sought to give an alternative to high and indiscriminate use of different antibiotics and growth promoters that is generally used in broiler chickens, in such a way that with the use of rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) it can be reduced and even avoid the incidence of diseases, reduce production costs and thus in this way obtain products of innocuous animal origin and of excellent quality suitable for human consumption. The investigation began with the preparation of rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) that consisted of the following steps: harvesting, selection, drying and grinding of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). The investigation was carried out using 200 broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 genetic line of one day of age, with an average weight of 41.2g on arrival, in the house the birds' beds were installed in the form of a square in which were located 20 experimental units with a number of 10 animals each. Rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) was added to the diet in doses of 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2), 1.5% (T3) and 0% (T0). A completely randomized design (DCA) was carried out. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and the Tukey test 5% for the treatments.Item Efecto de la harina de azolla (Azolla caroliniana), sobre los parámetros productivos en pollos cobb 500(2018) Villacís Cabascango, Hernán Xavier; Aragadvay, GonzaloEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present investigation was carried out in the San Alfonso neighborhood, Huachi Grande parish of Ambato canton, province of Tungurahua, with geographical coordinates 1º 19' 0 "south latitude and 78º 38'52" west longitude, at an altitude of 2900 meters above sea level, an assay was carried out with 200 chickens of Cobb 500 line of one day of age and continued until day 49 of age, with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different levels of inclusion of Azolla flour (Azolla caroliniana) in the diet , about the productive parameters. The chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatments; T1 (2% azolla flour), T2 (4% azolla flour), T3 (6% azolla flour) and T0 (control, without addition of azolla flour). The experimental design was used completely at random, with four treatments and five repetitions. The analysis of variance, Tukey significance test at 5%, was carried out to differentiate between treatments. The economic analysis was carried out by calculating the cost benefit ratio (RBC). The best results were obtained in the treatments that were supplied with the diet consisting of 6% inclusion of azolla flour (T3) with a greater gain in weight, both in the initial stage (265.61g), and in the growth stage (1393.07g), and in the fattening stage (1212.09g), also reporting better feed conversion in the initial stage (1.74), as in the growth stage (1.75), and in the fattening stage (2.11). The evaluation of the mortality allowed to establish that an acceptable mortality was presented during the trial; so that Azolla flour levels did not cause problems of digestibility and palatability, being the feeding of the birds in the stages of growth and fattening the most appropriate. With respect to food consumption, it is concluded that the total amount of food consumed by each bird during the development of the trial was 5448.73 g in treatment T1, 5425.55 g in treatment T2, 5416.44 g in treatment T3 and 5401.76 g in the control treatment. The best European efficiency index was for the T3 with a value of 283.73. From the economic analysis it is deduced that, the treatment that was administered 6% azolla flour (T3), reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.20, where the benefits net obtained were 0.20 times what was invested, being from the economic point of view the most profitable treatment.Item Utilización de tres niveles de harina de jengibre (Zingiber officinalis) como promotor de crecimiento en dietas para pollos de engorde(2018) Herrera Mendoza, Bryan Raúl; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe present investigation evaluated the ginger flour (Zingiber offcinalis) as growth promoter in diets for broilers in the Lizarzaburu parish of the canton Riobamba province of Chimborazo, with this essay it was sought to give an alternative to the use of antibiotics as promoters of growth that It is currently used for raising broilers in such a way that with the use of Ginger flour (Zingiber officinalis) can reduce the incidence of diseases, reduce production costs and obtain products of animal origin innocuous for consumption human. This investigation began with the elaboration of the ginger flour (Zingiber offcinalis) that consisted with the following steps selection, drying, grinding and sieving of the ginger tubers (Zingiber offcinalis). The research was carried out with 320 broilers of the Cobb 500 line of one day of age with an average weight of 45.59g on arrival, the house was divided into 4 blocks with 2 repetitions in each, with a total of 32 units experimental Ginger flour (Zingiber officinalis) was added in doses of 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.3% (T3) and 0% (T0). A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was carried out. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% for the treatments. The results obtained significant differences (p <0.01) and (p <0.05) between the treatments being the best the T3 (0.3% inclusion of ginger flour) giving better results in both weight gain, feed conversion , food consumption, yield to the carcass and mortality. Evidenced in Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this essay.Item Evaluación de aceites esenciales y antibióticos sobre los índices productivos y morfometría de las vellosidades intestinales en pollos de engorde(2018) Ortiz Núñez, Alex Darío; Guerrero, RicardoThe objective of this research was to evaluate the essential oils (Active ®) and the antibiotics (Zinc of Bacitracin, Lincomycin and Virginiamicin) in broiler chickens by means of a DCA with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions, the formulation of the diets was made according to the nutritional requirements of the Cobb 500 line and inclusion of the essential oils (T1 ACTIVE: 0.015%) and antibiotics (T2 BACITRACIN: 0.05%, T3 LINCOMYCIN: 0.05% and T4 VIRGINYAMYCIN: 0.05 %), for the evaluation of productive indices, three stages were considered: initial (1 - 14 days), growth (15 - 28 days), fattening (29 - 42 days). In the initial stage, significant results are shown for the weight gain in T1 ACTIVE with 380.05 g and an acceptable feed conversion (1.40), in the mortality there are no significant differences in relation to the other treatments. In the growth stage, no favorable results are seen with T1 ACTIVE for weight gain (1050.44 g) and in the feed conversion (1.50) there are not significant differences between the treatments as the mortality did not show significant differences being 2% in all the treatments. When evaluating the fattening stage, the results were higher, obtaining a weight gain of (1268.96 g) for T1 ACTIVE, a feed conversion of (2.07) that strengthens the productive behavior with a mortality of 0%. The analysis of the accumulated stage reflects favorable results with the use of essential oils for the cumulative weight gain variable with values of (2699.45 g) (64.27 g / bird / day), an accumulated food consumption of (4739.90) ( 112.85 g / bird / day) and a feed conversion of (1.75) reaching a final weight of (2747.99 g). Regarding the IEE in T1 ACTIVE with a value of (356) exceeds the other treatments and a value of (1.24) in I.O.R allows to conclude that the use of essential oils in broilers is economically viable and is considered a profitable production. Last but not least, when analyzing intestinal villi morphometry on day 14 and 28, it was concluded that the variables of intestinal villi height and width, along with the depth of the crypts, obtained beneficial results when using essential oils, expanding their morphometry on day 14 in a width of (6.56%), and the depth of the crypt in (9.82%) and on day 28 the height of the villi in (8.18%, 9.74% width and 23.52%) the depth in relation to the other treatments evaluated, increasing the capacity and absorption area at intestinal level in birds.Item Efecto de polen, lactosa y su combinación sobre la digestibilidad e integridad de la mucosa en pollos Broiler(2018) Escobar Aguilar, Pablo Milton; Rosero Peñaherrera, MarcoThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of pollen, lactose and its combination on the digestibility and integrity of the mucosa in broiler chickens (Cobb 500 of 1 day of age), up to 15 days of age. The variables evaluated were digestibility of nutrients and impact on the integrity of the intestinal mucosa. The treatments used were the following: T1: (control) 0% without the inclusion of pollen and lactose compared with T2: 0.5% pollen, T3: 2.5% lactose and T4: 0.5% pollen plus 2.5% of lactose in the diet. A randomized block design with four treatments and four repetitions was used, as well as an analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5%, with the statistical program SAS 2000. The results obtained for dry matter digestibility (DMS) and Organic matter digestibility (BMD) did not show significant differences between treatments (P = 0.0978 and P = 0.6031). The Digestibility of Crude Protein and Fat were higher (P = 0.0261 and (P = <0001) for T3 with related values of (74.40, 97.31) respectively, as for the determination of the height of the intestinal villi (A ), showed significant differences between treatments (P = 0.0115), where the treatment T2 and T3 had a longer length with values of (0.95 and 0.98 respectively), however the T4 presented a similar behavior in relation to the rest of treatments with a value of 0.76 In reference to the width of the villi and the depth of the crypts, all the treatments did not show differences (P = 0.4026) .The relationship between the length, width and depth of the intestinal villi gave as greater significance (P = 0.0049) for T2 and T3 with a similar value of 0.56, therefore it is concluded that the inclusion of 0.5% pollen and 2.5% lactose in diets is viable for better digestibility and impact on the intestinal mucosa in Broiler chickens, as an alternative to reduce or eliminate the use of antibiotics as growth promoters.Item Efecto del polen, lactosa y su combinación sobre los parámetros productivos y digestivos en pollos de engorde(2018) Caicedo Castrillón, Gustavo Fernando; Guerrero López, RicardoIn the present investigation the effect of pollen, lactose and its interaction on the productive and digestive parameters of broilers of Cobb 500 genetic line was evaluated. The study was carried out preparing four diets, the first without any additive, the second with pollen 0.5%, the third with 2.5% lactose and finally the fourth with the two aforementioned additives combined and at the same concentration. The experimental diets were administered only during the first two stages of development (pre-initial and initial). 480 animals divided into 40 experimental units (12 chickens per experimental unit), 10 experimental units for each diet were used for the analysis. On day 14 an animal of each experimental unit was sacrificed to take length, weight and pH of the organs of the digestive tract. Variance Analysis and Tukey test were used to process the data obtained. The results obtained in the productive parameters are significant (P> 0.05) for the treatment 2 in the pre-initial stage, obtaining an average of 161.27g in the weight gain, 169.88g in the food consumption, 1.05 for food conversion and mortality of 0%, while in the initial stage the values were significant for treatment 4 (pollen 0.5% + lactose 2.5%), with an average of 486.57g in the gain of weight, 586g in the consumption of food, 1.2 for feed conversion and mortality of 0.83%. In the remaining stages (growth and fattening), there was no significance for any treatment. The final mortality in the chickens that consumed the control diet (T1) (13.04%) had a mortality almost triple for treatment 2 (5.22%) and double in relation to treatment 3 (6.96%) and to treatment 4 (6.09%). Within the digestive parameters we can highlight that the treatment 4 (pollen 0.5% + lactose 2.5%) was significant in the chickens that consumed it, exerting a pH of 5.94 in the duodenum, treatment 3 (lactose 0.5 %) had significance leading to a pH of 5.9 in the blind.Item Efecto de la harina de achiote (Bixa orellana) sobre la pigmentación a la canal e inmunoglobulinas en pollos de engorde(2018) Ninahualpa Cadena, Daniela Cristina; Guerrero López, RicardoThe present study has the title: “EFFECT OF THE ANNATTO FLOUR (Bixa orellana) ON PIGMENTATION TO THE CHANNEL AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN CHICKENS OF FATTENING” in which 200 cobb 500 line chickens were evaluated, of one day age, divided into four treatments and five repetitions with 10 birds per experimental unit. The formulation of diets was taken for each treatment: T0 = control, T1 = 0.1% Bixa orellana, T2 = 0.2% Bixa orellana and T3 = 0.3% Bixa orellana, making the inclusion of Annatto flour in the fattening stage. The study lasted 49 days. I used a completely randomized design with analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% but for the variable pigmentation was used the statistical package SPSS statistics v23. The results obtained were: for the variable immunoglobulin M; T0, T1, T2 and T3 were statistically equal; for the variable immunoglobulin G; T1, T2 and T3 were statistically different with T0, this indicates an increase in the response of this immunoglobulin; finally, in the variable pigmentation was obtained that there are no statistical differences between treatments.Item Efecto del extracto de diente de león (taraxacum officinale), sobre el comportamiento productivo y enzimas hepáticas séricas en pollos de engorde.(2017) Jácome Vargas, Hernán Rigoberto; Guerrero, RicardoThe present research entitled "EFFECT OF THE EXTRACT OF DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale), ON PRODUCTION BEHAVIOR AND SERIAN HEPATIC ENZYMES IN BROILER CHICKENS", evaluated in 240 broilers, males of the Cobb genetic line, of one day of age, the productive yield and serum values of liver enzymes at 30 and 45 days of age; the chickens were distributed in four treatments: T0 = control, T1 = diet + 0.5 liters of T. officinale extract per ton, T2 = diet + 1 liter of T. officinale extract per ton and T3 = diet + 1.5 liters of extract of T. officinale per ton, of six replicates each one. We used a completely randomized design with analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5%. T2 showed a better weight gain (P<0.001) with 3088 g/bird, compared to the other treatments (T3 = 3039.3 g/bird, T0 = 2985.3 g/bird and T1 = 2979.5 g/bird), in food consumption there were no differences (P=0.293), the feed conversion in T2 was better (P<0.001) to reason of 1.82 g/g, T2 revealed the best European Efficiency Index (P<0.001) with a value of 291.5, as well as the higher yield to the channel (P<0.0001) with a percentage of 76.1%. With regard to serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT and FA) at 30 and 45 days, a better response of these analytes (P<0.0001) was evidenced in T2. Given these results, it is inferred that the incorporation of the extract of T. officinale in the diet at 0.1% in this one, improves the productive performance of the broilers and the hepatic response of these to their incorporation.Item Efecto de la enterogermina (Esporas de Bacillus clausii) en comportamiento productivo de pollos de engorde(2016) Arévalo Castro, Renato Paúl; Kelly, GerardoThe present research entitled “ EFFECT OF ENTEROGERMIN (spores of Bacillus clausii) IN A PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF BROILER CHICKENS”, analyzed in 280 Broiler chickens Cobb males of one day of age, evaluating productive indices, yield of the carcass and cost analysis until 49 days of age, chickens were distributed in four treatments: T0; control, T1; commercial food and 0,25 ml/lt of enterogermin in drinking water, T2; commercial food and 0,50 ml/lt of enterogermin in drinking water and T3; commercial food and 0,75 ml/lt d of enterogermin in drinking water, each one with seven repetitions, acompletely randomized design was used with analysis of variance and tukey test (5%). T2 showed better weight gain with a value of 2972,65 g to other treatments such as 2626,90 g; 2787,08 g and 2831,44 for T0, T1 y T3 respectively; also, the food consumption didn’t be affected statistically with values of T0 7083,54 g/chicken; T1 6640,16 g/chicken; T2 6102,34 g/chicken and T3 6228,82 g/chicken, however; in a numerically way T2 had the lowest food consumption and got the best greatest feed conversion with a value of 2, 02. The highest mortality was registered in Control treatment with 17,14 %.T2 had the best European efficiency with 292, as well as the higher percentage of yield of the carcass 75, 25%, follow by T3, T1 and T0 with 73,56 %; 72,54 % y 71,24 % respectively, also; the cost analysis for T2 reported the higher percentage of profitability with 25,84 %, because, the production cost of one kilogram of meat is $ 1,95 ant it has an utility of $ 0,51 per kilogram of meat sold, therefore; It is recommended that use of Enterogermin in drinking water in a dose of 0,50 ml/lt in broiler chickens to improve productive indices as an alternative the use of antibiotics growth promoters. Key words: Broiler chickens, enterogermin, probiotics, productive indices.