Tesis Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
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Item Eficacia antimicrobiana de aceites esenciales de tomillo (T. vulgaris), CANELA (C. verum), romero (R. officinalis), laurel (L. nobilis) sobre cepas de Pasteurella multocida Y Bordetella bronchiseptica(2019-08) Robalino Chariguaman, Alex Javier; Calero Cáceres, WilliamThe aim of this study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Thyme (T. vulgaris), Cinnamon (C. verum), Rosemary (R. officinalis), Laurel (L. nobilis) essential oils on certified strains of Pasteurella multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * and Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were estimated by microdilution method; and the plate plating (Mueller Hinton agar) was applied for the estimation of the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The MICs of the evaluated essential oils, at the experimental conditions were: P. multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * (L. nobilis 0.8%, C. verum 3.8%, T. vulgaris 2.4% and R. officinalis 10.5%); for B. bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *. (L. nobilis 1.8%, C. verum 6.7%, T. vulgaris 10.1% and R. officinalis 3.5%). The MBCs of the evaluated essential oils were: L. nobilis 2.1%, C. verum 7%, T. vulgaris 10.3% and R. officinalis 7% for B. bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *; for P. multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * were L. nobilis 1%, C. verum 4.3%, T. vulgaris 2.7% and R. officinalis 11.1%. The inhibition percentages of the evaluated essential oils (compared to gentamicin 160 mg / mL) was found between 33.78% - 40.84% in the case of P. multocida and between 5.98%- 22.35% for B. bronchiseptica.Item Evaluación de hojas de tres especies de Musas spp. con adición de Saccharomyces cerevisiae y enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas sobre la función ruminal in vitro.(2019) Morales Camacho, Héctor Daniel; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in forages of Musa spp. on in vitro rumen function. The work was carried out in the experimental farm Querochaca of the UTA. The research was conducted under a completely randomized design with a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement. The data was analyzed according to the model used. The evaluated forages were added additives: S. cerevisiae and fibrolytic enzymes. To conform the following treatments: TO: M. acuminata without additives, TOE: M. acuminata with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg), TOS: M. acuminata with S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg), TOES: M. acuminata with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg) and S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg). TP: M. balbisiana without additives, TPE: M. balbisiana with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg), TPS: M. balbisiana with S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg), TPES: M. balbisiana with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg) and S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg) and TG: M. paradisiaca without additives, TGE: M. paradisiaca with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg), TGS: M. paradisiaca with S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg), TGES: M. paradisiaca with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg) and S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg). The production of total gas, CH4 and CO2, pH and digestibility and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined. The total gas production was lower in the treatment TPE (265.5 mLgas/0.5g Fermented DM) compared to other treatments (P<.0001). The lowest (P=0.0001) CH4 production was observed in the treatment TO (36.3 mLCH4/0.5g Fermented DM), with respect to CO2 production was lower in the treatment TOS (71.3 mLCO2/0.5g Fermented DM). The pH showed significant differences (P<.0001) between treatments. The rumen digestibility of DM and OM was higher (P=0.0001) in the treatment TPS (45.6 and 45.1% respectively). The proportion (mol/100mol) of volatile fatty acids, no showed significant differences between treatments evaluated (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the incorporation of additives such as enzymes and S. cerevisiae in fibrous forages of Musa spp can benefit the rumen functions, increasing digestion and mitigating the production of greenhouse gases in ruminants.Item Inclusión de extracto de quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) como antihelmíntico gastrointestinal en bovinos en el cantón Huamboya provincia de Morona Santiago(2019-04) Cazar Chávez, David Javier; Almeida Secaira, RobertoThe objective of this research is to evaluate the Quebracho extract as an anthelmintic in bovines; the experiment was carried out in Huamboya canton, Province of Morona Santiago, an area in which they are mainly dedicated to livestock. Three different doses of the extract were analyzed in calves, at 0.25 mg, 0.50 mg and 0.75 mg per kilogram of live weight, the extract was applied daily for 7 days to the animals orally, in a total of 12 experimental units, for each treatment four animals, to test the properties of quebracho tannins. As an indicator, a coproparasitic analysis was used before and after the treatment with the extract, being the test of choice the simple flotation test, using a 50% glucose solution and to analyze the data obtained, an analysis of covariance and a test were used. of Tukey. It had as parasitic constants Strongiloides, Toxocara vitolorum, Fasciola hepatica and Monienza; counting the eggs of each one by field, at simpe sight decreased the numbers of eggs per field of each parasite, but from the statistical point of view we obtained a significant difference only in the Toxocara vitolorum at an exact dose of 0.50 milligrams per live kilogram. As a final result we know that quebracho extract has a good function controlling Toxocara vitolorum at a specific dose of 0.50mg per kilogram of live weight.Item Efecto del polen, lactosa y su combinación en los órganos inmunes y sobre las poblaciones microbianas cecales de pollos broilers(2019-03) Chico Robalino, Carlos Gustavo; Montero Recalde, Mayra AndreaIn the present investigation, the effect of pollen, lactose and its interaction on lymphoid organs and cecal microbial population in broilers of Cobb 500 genetic line was evaluated. The study was carried out preparing four diets, the first T0 without any additive, the second T1 with 0.5% pollen, the third T2 with 2.5% lactose and finally the fourth T3 with the combination of the two aforementioned additives and at the same concentration. The experimental diets were administered only during the first two stages of development (pre-initial and initial). 40 animals were used for the analysis, with 10 experimental units for each diet. On day 14 an animal of each experimental unit was sacrificed to take length, weight and pH of the organs of the digestive tract. ADEVA Variance Analysis and Tukey test were used to process the data collected in relation to lymphoid organs and colony forming treatments (CFU) of the bacteria. In the study of the morphometric indices (I.M.), significant differences were found between the means of the treatments in the I.M. Bursa (P = 0.0199), where the best treatment was T1 (0.5% pollen). In the case of I.M. Spleen and I.M. Thymus, no statistical significance was observed between the means of the treatments (P> 0.05) respectively. As for the relationship between organs like; Bursa / Spleen, Bursa / Timo and Timo / Spleen, no statistical difference was found for any treatment (P> 0.05). Within the colony forming units, for enterobacteria, statistical significance was observed between treatments (P <0.05), being the best T2 (2.5% lactose), while for UFC of E. coli it was observed that both T2 (2.5% lactose) and T3 (0.5% pollen + 2.5% lactose) acted in a similar way reducing their number in the cecum.Item Determinación de los niveles de bioseguridad en granjas avícolas de aves de postura de la parroquia de Cotaló del cantón Pelileo(2019-03) Sánchez Barreno, María José; Montero Recalde, Mayra AndreaThe objective of this investigation was to determine the levels of biosecurity in poultry farms of laying birds of the parish of Cotaló of the canton Pelileo and to identify the strongest or weakest variables. Through descriptive statistics, good biosafety practices were evaluated with a survey instrument of 47 questions made by AGROCALIDAD according to RESOLUTION 0260 with a score of 94 points. he survey was applied in 20 poultry farms of laying birds classified in three strata: stratum I, small poultry farmers with a number of 3000 to 50000 birds with a total of 10 farms, medium stratum II poultry farmers with a number of birds between 50001 - 100000 a total of 7 farms, stratum III large aviculturists with a number of birds of 100001 - 300000 with a total of 3 farms. When evaluating the levels of biosecurity in poultry farms of laying birds, stratum I with a low level of biosecurity falls in the range of 26 - 44% for which the operating permit is denied, with respect to stratum II, with a low level of biosecurity falls in the range of 26 - 44% the operating permit is denied and only two farms fall in the range of 45 - 59% the operating permit is granted with established deadlines for comply with 60% in the performance of the appropriate conditions, hygienic and biosecurity measures according to resolution 0260 issued by AGROCALIDAD. Finally, stratum III, with a medium level of biosecurity falls within the range of 45 - 59%, the operating permit is granted with a deadline established to meet 60% in the performance of the appropriate conditions, hygienic measures and biosecurity according to resolution 0260 issued by AGROCALIDAD. Regarding the strong variables in each of the strata, those related to the availability of drinking water, vaccination schedules and schedules, proper management of the sanitary vacuum, and facilities that allow a good development of the production and training programs of monitoring for the diagnosis of diseases. We establish as weak variables in each of the strata the points related to the delimitation and identification of areas, the biosafety measures at the farm's entrance and the staff training and hygiene programs considering critical points to be considered in order to comply with resolution 0260 issued by AGROCALIDAD and offer a quality product.Item Efecto del acetato de medroxiprogesterona y benzoato de estradiol, sobre la emergencia folicular en cabras con baja condición corporal(2019-03) Tirado Vaca, Mercy Mariela; Aragadvay, GonzaloThe present study was conducted in goats of body condition 2 (CC 2) in the faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, a total of 12 goats were previously evaluated by trans-rectal ultrasonography and were randomly distributed in 4 groups (T1, T2, T3, T4); in which the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (AMP) sponge intra-vaginal, at different time of withdrawal with and without application of estradiol benzoate (BE) on the follicular dynamics was evaluated, emergence of the follicular wave, expressiveness of the heat and percentage of gestation. The treatments were applied to day 0 all the females received an intra-vaginal sponge (60 mg of AMP) during 11 days for two groups (T1, T2), and 14 days for the remaining two groups (T3, T4). The T1 and T3 treatments received 1mg of BE (IM) on the same day of the intra-vaginal sponge application and one day after the extraction of the same, a second dose of BE (0.5mg) was applied to induce the ovulation. The ovarian response was monitored daily by trans-rectal ultrasound from day 0 to day 14 (T1 and T2) and 17 (T3 and T4) days given mount directly, subsequently, the plasma concentration of 17β- estradiol was measured on the final day of treatment and correlated with follicular size, vaginal cytology was performed to confirm the presence of estrus and 35 days after direct mounting, ultrasound was performed to check for pregnancy. A 2x2 factorial design (day of intra-vaginal sponge removal and BE application) was used and the variables were analyzed by means of an ANOVA. In conclusion, treatment with AMP combined with BE, does not improve follicular size, however there is a low conception for these treatments (T1, T3), while the use of AMP without combining with BE has a better conception, so in goats fertility is not affected in relation to low body condition.Item Efecto de la harina de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) para mejorar los parámetros productivos en pollos de engorde(2015) López Albuja, Daniela Alejandra; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe present investigation evaluated the effects of Romero flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) in diets for broilers in the Puerto Arturo sector, belonging to the Izamba parish of Tungurahua Province, with this research it was sought to give an alternative to high and indiscriminate use of different antibiotics and growth promoters that is generally used in broiler chickens, in such a way that with the use of rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) it can be reduced and even avoid the incidence of diseases, reduce production costs and thus in this way obtain products of innocuous animal origin and of excellent quality suitable for human consumption. The investigation began with the preparation of rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) that consisted of the following steps: harvesting, selection, drying and grinding of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). The investigation was carried out using 200 broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 genetic line of one day of age, with an average weight of 41.2g on arrival, in the house the birds' beds were installed in the form of a square in which were located 20 experimental units with a number of 10 animals each. Rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) was added to the diet in doses of 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2), 1.5% (T3) and 0% (T0). A completely randomized design (DCA) was carried out. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and the Tukey test 5% for the treatments.Item Efecto de la harina de azolla (Azolla caroliniana), sobre los parámetros productivos en pollos cobb 500(2018) Villacís Cabascango, Hernán Xavier; Aragadvay, GonzaloEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present investigation was carried out in the San Alfonso neighborhood, Huachi Grande parish of Ambato canton, province of Tungurahua, with geographical coordinates 1º 19' 0 "south latitude and 78º 38'52" west longitude, at an altitude of 2900 meters above sea level, an assay was carried out with 200 chickens of Cobb 500 line of one day of age and continued until day 49 of age, with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different levels of inclusion of Azolla flour (Azolla caroliniana) in the diet , about the productive parameters. The chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatments; T1 (2% azolla flour), T2 (4% azolla flour), T3 (6% azolla flour) and T0 (control, without addition of azolla flour). The experimental design was used completely at random, with four treatments and five repetitions. The analysis of variance, Tukey significance test at 5%, was carried out to differentiate between treatments. The economic analysis was carried out by calculating the cost benefit ratio (RBC). The best results were obtained in the treatments that were supplied with the diet consisting of 6% inclusion of azolla flour (T3) with a greater gain in weight, both in the initial stage (265.61g), and in the growth stage (1393.07g), and in the fattening stage (1212.09g), also reporting better feed conversion in the initial stage (1.74), as in the growth stage (1.75), and in the fattening stage (2.11). The evaluation of the mortality allowed to establish that an acceptable mortality was presented during the trial; so that Azolla flour levels did not cause problems of digestibility and palatability, being the feeding of the birds in the stages of growth and fattening the most appropriate. With respect to food consumption, it is concluded that the total amount of food consumed by each bird during the development of the trial was 5448.73 g in treatment T1, 5425.55 g in treatment T2, 5416.44 g in treatment T3 and 5401.76 g in the control treatment. The best European efficiency index was for the T3 with a value of 283.73. From the economic analysis it is deduced that, the treatment that was administered 6% azolla flour (T3), reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.20, where the benefits net obtained were 0.20 times what was invested, being from the economic point of view the most profitable treatment.Item Utilización de tres niveles de harina de jengibre (Zingiber officinalis) como promotor de crecimiento en dietas para pollos de engorde(2018) Herrera Mendoza, Bryan Raúl; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe present investigation evaluated the ginger flour (Zingiber offcinalis) as growth promoter in diets for broilers in the Lizarzaburu parish of the canton Riobamba province of Chimborazo, with this essay it was sought to give an alternative to the use of antibiotics as promoters of growth that It is currently used for raising broilers in such a way that with the use of Ginger flour (Zingiber officinalis) can reduce the incidence of diseases, reduce production costs and obtain products of animal origin innocuous for consumption human. This investigation began with the elaboration of the ginger flour (Zingiber offcinalis) that consisted with the following steps selection, drying, grinding and sieving of the ginger tubers (Zingiber offcinalis). The research was carried out with 320 broilers of the Cobb 500 line of one day of age with an average weight of 45.59g on arrival, the house was divided into 4 blocks with 2 repetitions in each, with a total of 32 units experimental Ginger flour (Zingiber officinalis) was added in doses of 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.3% (T3) and 0% (T0). A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was carried out. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% for the treatments. The results obtained significant differences (p <0.01) and (p <0.05) between the treatments being the best the T3 (0.3% inclusion of ginger flour) giving better results in both weight gain, feed conversion , food consumption, yield to the carcass and mortality. Evidenced in Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this essay.Item Evaluación de tintura de propóleo como coadyuvante en la cicatrización de ovariohisterectomía en Canis familiaris(2018) Moposita Maiza, Jorge Daniel; Villamarín, DarwinThe propolis, a product of natural origin which it attributed many properties, among them: antibacterial, antiviral, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, healing and slightly analgesic. The aim of this study was to evaluate three concentrations of propolis tincture (10%, 20% and 30%) as an adjuvant in healing ovariohysterectomy in Canis familiaris. This research was developed at Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador. 24 female dogs of 3 to 14 months old were used. In a completely randomized design with three treatments (concentrations of propolis), and eight repetitions (female dogs; 1 mL of tincture of propolis applied in its different concentrations daily every 8 hours). The variables analyzed were divided into two groups, qualitative: terraced edges, peripheral dermatitis, presence of exudate, pruritic reflex; and quantitative: scar size, body temperature and healing time. The results show no significant difference (P>0.05) in the size of the wounds, body temperature of the patient and the healing time (average of 5.42 days) for different treatments studied. We can conclude that the use of propolis tincture in three concentrations (10%, 20% and 30%) is effective in reducing healing time, prevents infection and inflammation of wounds and avoids the presence of pruritus and peripheral dermatitis after application.