Tesis Agronomía
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Item Evaluación de escarificación química de semillas de mora (Rubus glaucus)(2024-08) Urquiso Ruiz, Estephany Micaela; León Gordon, Olguer AlfredoThe blackberry (Rubus glaucus) belonging to the Rosaceae family is recognised as one of the genera with the largest number of species in the Plantae kingdom, including approximately 300 species, which are distributed throughout the world, except in desert areas. This fruit belongs to the berry group, which is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants. Scarification is a technique which consists of subjecting the seed to certain physical, mechanical and chemical parameters in order to shorten the dormancy of the seeds. This research was carried out in the Cevallos canton on the premises of the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, with the aim of "Evaluating the chemical scarification of blackberry (Rubus glaucus) seeds. For this research a randomised complete block design was used with five treatments and three replications, having as study factors the chemical scarification based on H2SO4 at 80% and 85% and NaClO at 7.25% and 5.25, by means of an analysis of variance compared by the Tukey test of means (P< 0.05) and an ADEVA. The results showed that for the variables analysed such as germination percentage, plant height and number of leaves evaluated at 60, 70 and 80 days, the best treatment was T1 (NaClO 5.25%); however, for the variable number of leaves at 80 days, T2 (NaClO 7.25%) was higher. We can conclude that T1 was the best treatment, obtaining 33% germination. This may be due to the fact that blackberry seed has exogenous dormancy, which does not allow easy germination, thus obtaining germination percentages of less than 50%.Item Evaluación de hidrolatos de (Matricaria chamomilla) y (Equisetum arvense) para el control de (Sphaerotheca pannosa) en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus(2024-08) Acosta Espinoza, Kevin Alejandro; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesThe present work seeks to determine the action of chamomile (Matricaria Chamonilla) and horsetail (Equisetum ervense) hydrosols with a varied dosage, for the control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) in the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus) of the University Ambato technique. Doses of horsetail hydrosol (H2D1 – H2D2), chamomile hydrosol (H1D1 – H1D2) and their combination (H3D1 – H3D2) were analyzed at 10 (D1) and 15 ml/L (D2). The treatments included an application directly to the foliage of the plant with the help of a backpack pump. The variables that were analyzed in the blackberry leaves were the percentages of incidence, severity, chlorophyll and nitrogen levels. To carry out the test, a randomized block design (DBCA) was used with three treatments for two repetitions plus a control and for three repetitions, which established 21 experimental units (plots). For the incidence, averages were established, while for the analysis of severity the free Image J software was used, while for the analysis of nitrogen and chlorophyll levels the Manual of Chlorophy Meter MLS – 3 N equipment was used. It provided results in mg%g of nitrogen and SPAD of chlorophyll. The data collected were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test at 5% for non-parametric analysis of variance. The results showed that the hydrosol with the best action and dose was the chamomile and horsetail hydrosol since its incidence (19.92%) and severity (75.762%) were those that presented a greater reduction rate than the rest of the treatments, while the data on nitrogen and chlorophyll proved not to be significant to establish a relationship with the treatments. Economically speaking, the production of hydrolates represents an advantage due to the low cost of its raw materials, but manufacturing costs are high, and the necessary equipment represents considerable expenses.