Tesis Agronomía
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Item Evaluación de productos a base de silicio en el comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Avenger)(2025-02) Atencio Orbe Estuardo Efrain; Pérez Salinas Marco OswaldoThis research was carried out at the María Victoria agricultural farm, in the province of Cotopaxi, in the Héroes del Cenepa sector. The impact of two silicon-based products on the agronomic performance of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Avenger) was evaluated. The products used were (Produsil Gold with a concentration of 73.69%) and (Silikon with a concentration of 36%), applied by different methods (drench, foliar and drench + foliar) at a concentration of 2 g/L and 2 ml/L respectively. The main objective of the study was to determine the most suitable product and application method to improve crop quality and yield, especially in terms of compaction and weight of the pellets. The variables of height and chlorophyll content were evaluated every 30 days, while the variables of weight, grain uniformity, and calcium and silicon accumulation in the leaves were evaluated at the end of the crop cycle. The results showed that the application of silicon, particularly with the Silikon product via drench + foliar, significantly increased the height of the plants with an average height of 64.27 cm; it also increased the weight of the pellets, obtaining an average weight of 556.89 g. In addition, greater compaction of the pellets was observed in most of the results, which reduces post-harvest losses. Laboratory analyses confirmed a synergy between silicon and calcium, suggesting a positive effect on plant physiology. In conclusion, the results obtained support the hypothesis that silicon, applied appropriately, can significantly improve the quality and yield of broccoli crops, making it a promising tool to optimize production and reduce post-harvest losses.Item Evaluación de la aplicación de un bioestimulante para encallamiento y brotación sobre Juglans regia y Malus doméstica(2023-09) Sanipatín Pilaguano, Ricardo Miguel; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisAsexual propagation by grafting, in addition to shortening the time to obtain seeds,also seeks to improve production, reduce susceptibility to diseases caused by nematodes and thus increase plant vigor. The present study tries to find alternatives, such as the use of biostimulants, that contribute to improving the production of apple and walnut plants with a sustainable approach, easily accessible to producers of these fruit items. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of Agrostemin on Juglans regia and Malus domestica. The effect of four doses (1.0, 1.6, 2.0 and 2.5 g/L) of Agrostemin, a biostimulant product obtained from natural extracts of a marine algae (Ascophyllum nodosum), was evaluated. The results did not show an effect of the Agrostemin dose on the grafting percentage of both apple and walnut grafts, but the percentage of stranding was affected by the type of crop, being higher in applegrafts, with the highest percentages observed. in these grafts treated with 1.0 and 1.6 g/L of Agrostemin. Regarding the time of appearance and number of lateral shoots, they were not affected using the biostimulant Agrostemin, but thelength of the shoots was mainly during the initial stages of shoot formation. Also,the number of leaves per branch was affected using Agrostemin, being higher in the apple graft treated with 1.6 g/L and in the control, while in walnut grafts the best results were achieved with the application of 1.6. and 2.5g/L. Basedon the results, the use of Agrostemin in a dose of 1.6 g/L is suggested since the best results were obtained in terms of the percentage of stranding, shoot length and number of leaves per branchItem Evaluación del tipo y altura del anillado en el cultivo de rosa (Rosa sp) en la producción de brotes laterales(2023-09) Tibalombo Yanchapanta, Sergio Efraín; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe cultivation of rose (Rosa sp) in Ecuador represents an important contribution to the economy of farmers due to the adaptation that the crop has to the climatic and geographical characteristics of the areas in which it is cultivated. With the practice of ringing, it is a question of making a transversal cut in the bark without removing tissues with a suitable tool. In order to temporarily interrupt the passage of the elaborated sap and hormones towards the root system, this leads to an increase in new shoots, fruit set and fruits with a greater volume. The hypothesis raised was that at least one of the treatments carried out will have a positive effect on ringing in roses. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks in a 3x3+1 factorial arrangement with three repetitions. The study factors used were ring height; C1 (base of the plant), C2 (5 cm), C3 (10 cm) and ring diameter; D1 (scratched), D2 (ringed at 0.5 cm), D3 (ringed at 1em). The data was analyzed using the Turkey test (p< 0.05) for the comparison of the means. The treatments were applied according to the cuts; striped, ringed to 0.5 cm in diameter, and ringed to 1 cm in diameter. This activity was carried out only at the beginning of the investigation. For data collection, it was collected from five plants of each treatment where data such as; initial stem diameter, final stem diameter, number of sprouted buds, shoot diameter and shoot length. The results obtained showed significant differences in each variable studied. In the stem diameter at 60 days, it could be observed that the best treatment was C1D2 with an average of 17.23 mm, while the control (T) showed 15.22 mm, becoming the smallest of all the treatments. treatments. . In the variable number of sprouted buds, the C1D2 treatment presented an average of 3 sprouts per plant, reaching a numerical difference over the other treatments. The shoot diameter variable showed that the C2D3 treatment was the best in the trial, presenting an average of 11.03 mm, but only with a numerical difference to the other treatments. In the shoot length variable, the best in the trial was the C1D3 treatment, presenting an average of 31.33 cm per plant.Item Evaluación de dos productos a base de calcio boro en un cultivo establecido de mora colombiana (Rubus glaucus) en el cantón Mocha(2023-09) Tenesaca Shigla, Alex Ismael; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisIn Ecuador, blackberry 1s an agricultural product highly demanded due to its organoleptic properties, since it allows the processing of foods while maintaining 1ts nutritional value and sensory characteristics. However, there 18 still little information on fertilization practices to promote increased productivity. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of two products based on Calcium Boron in an established crop of Colombian blackberry (Rubus glaucus). The effect of three doses (1.0, 1.5 and 2 g/L) of two calcium-boron sources (Tarafol Beca and Multifrutos) on fruit quality and yield of Andean blackberry plants was evaluated. The highest number of set flowers was obtained with Tarafol Beca with average values of 775.83 and 764.80 flowers/plant when applied at doses of 1.5 and 2.0 g/L. In addition, both the fruit weight and the blackberry yield were affected by the type and dose of the product. The maximum values were reached when the plants were treated with Tarafol Beca at a dose of 2.0 and 1.5 g/L (6.33 and 5.31 tn/ha) and with Multifrutos at a dose of 2.0 g/L (5.35 tn/ha). Finally, no differences were observed in the quality of the blackberry fruit due to the application of Tarafol beca and Multifruto in their different doses in relation to firmness, Brix degrees and polar diameter of the fruit, but in the equatorial diameter. The beneficial effect of calcium boron sources 1n increasing the productivity of this crop was demonstrated.Item Aplicación de enraizantes naturales en la propagación vegetativa de la uva (Vitis vinífera) por medio de esquejes(2023-09) Sigcha Azogue, Mercy Nataly; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioIn Ecuador the cultivation of the vine (Vitis vinifera) began with the arrival of the Spaniards to America and was distributed in various Andean areas, so this research work was conducted in the Tambillo parish, the purpose of this research was to generate information on the methods of propagation of the vine, using natural extracts to promote the propagation of this fruit. The important factors in the propagation of the vine are the rooting agents that help the proliferation and formation of a good root system, giving way to the formation of a new plant; The objective of this research work was to compare the efficiency of natural rooting extracted from lentil, willow and wheat in the propagation of grape (Vitis vinifera) by means of cuttings, where the variables evaluated were survival or rooting percentage, root number, root length, root system volume and number of shoots; a completely randomized design with a bifactorial analysis, with three replications, was used in the field work. Prior to the statistical analysis, the data transformation was done with √(x+1), and then using the Tukey test at 5%, the data collection was done from 30 days to 90 days, where the study factor was E1 (adult grape cutting) and E2 (young grape cutting); followed by the extract factor P1 (lentil extract), P2 (willow extract), P3 (wheat extract), and finally the commercial rooting agent Radifit applied on adult and young cuttings; from these parameters it could be established that the rooting agent Radifit in T1 (Radifit adult cuttings) and T2 (Radifit young cuttings) obtained significant differences at 1% by obtaining a p-value of 0.0001% in most of the variables. In addition, a cost analysis was performed between the natural and commercial rooting agents, where the natural rooting agents had a total cost of US$ 8.40 and the commercial rooting agent had a total cost of US$ 10.Item Evaluación del rendimiento de tres híbridos (As Rosem 21TO11675, As Rosem 20TO12231, As Rosem 20TO11002) de tomate hortícola (Lycopersicum esculentum) bajo cubierta plástica(2023-09) Minga Curicama, Jhonny Fernando; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesIn the current work, the performance of three hybrids (As Rosem 21TO11675, As Rosem 20TO12231, As Rosem 20TO11002) of horticultural tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) under plastic cover was evaluated, the improved hybrids were provided by the company SOLOAGRO, a design of completely randomized blocks (D.B.C.A) in three treatments (hybrids) plus a commercial control, performing 4 repetitions. In the investigation, the following variables of survival percentage were evaluated: plant height at 25, 50 and 75 days, stem diameter at 25, 50 and 75 days, number of days to flowering, number of days to fruiting, number of days to harvest, number of fruits, distance between clusters, equatorial diameter of the fruits, polar diameter of the fruits and weight of the fruits. For each of the variables, the ANOVA test was used, homogeneity of variances with a confidence level of 0.95%, Scheffe with a significance level of 0.05. Once the investigation was concluded, it was determined that the hybrids adapted to the climatic conditions of the Huachi Grande sector. From this research, hybrids were obtained that exceeded expectations, having better results than others, the hybrid As Rosem 21TO11675 was the one that best adapted to the agroecological conditions, presenting a higher percentage of survival with 98% of the plants, greater plant height at 50 and 75 days with 0.94 and 1.55 m. greater diameter of the stems at 50 and 75 days with 1.07 and 1.54 cm, presenting fewer days to flowering with 42.70 days, fewer days to fruiting with 57.70 days, greater polar diameter 5 .82cm. consequently, he reported higher performance with 23,300 kg/h. As Rosem 21TO11675 was the best hybrid compared to the other 2 remaining hybrids (As Rosem 20TO12231, As Rosem 20TO11002) and being superior to the Sheila hybridItem Evaluación del uso de ácido giberélico (AG3) en el ciclo fenológico del cultivo de Delphinium elatum después del pinch, en tres variedades(2023-09) Tubón Toapanta, Geovanna Pricila; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesCurrently, improving the yield and production of a crop has become an advantage for Ecuador as one of the flower exporting countries and is an essential pillar in its economy. For this reason, the present investigation had as objective the evaluation of the use of gibberellic acid (AG3) in the phenological cycle of the Delphinium elatum crop after the pinch, in three varieties (blue bird, summer skies and galahad). For this, a randomized design was used as well as with two doses of gibberellic acid (AG3) 0.5cc/l and 0.75cc/L for the treatments. In the same way, the phenological state of the crop will be determined from the pinch and variables such as length, diameter of the stem, days of sprouting, length and days of inflorescence appearance and the production achieved will be evaluated. Among the results, the increase in the length of the stem, stem diameter, length of the inflorescence and the decrease in the days of sprouting are evident. In the same way, it was possible to observe that the dose of 0.75cc/L applied to the varieties improved crop production compared to the dose of 0.5cc/L. And by counting the stems harvested for each variety and treatment, a higher production of the Delphinium elatum summer skies crop variety is assumed, where the results show that the application of 0.75cc/L N-large doses of the product containing 65.10g/l.Item Influencia de sustratos orgánicos sobre la germinación de (Brassica oleracea L. var. Milán) en el cantón Pangua el Corazón(2023-09) Yanchapanta Aguaiza, Gladys Dalida; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe present investigation was carried out with the purpose of obtaining new methodological alternatives that influence the germination of cabbage seedlings (Brassica oleracea L.var. Milan), with organic fertilizers from agricultural residues such as (corn, cocoa and banana) with a percentage of worm humus mixtures of (60% - 40% and 50% - 50%). The investigation was carried out in the province of Cotopaxi canton Pangua El Corazón. The land is located at an elevation of 377m above sea level, its coordinates are: altitude: 1º8'12.45" S and Longitude: 79º13'13.60" W. The trial used a randomized block design (B.C.A) in a 3*2 factorial arrangement with 6 treatments and 6 repetitions. An analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% were performed. Data collection was carried out 32 days after sowing. Taking as results for the germination percentage variable, the treatment that stood out was T5 (60% plantain residue + worm humus 40%) with a percentage of 80%. While in the seedling height variable the treatment that stood out the most was T6 (50% plantain residue + 50% worm humus) with a height of 8,12 cm, for the variable stem diameter and root volume the best result was obtained was treatment T6 (50% plantain residue + 50% worm humus) with a stem diameter of 2,92 mm and 0,39 root volume. cc. That is, in the research carried out, the treatments that best stood out were T5 and T6.Item Evaluación de dosis y época de aplicación de extracto de azolla (Anabaena azollae) en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. italica)(2023-09) Viteri Jiménez, Gandhy Esteban; Muñoz Espinoza, Manolo SebastiánThis research study was conducted in the Anchilivi neighborhood, located in the Salcedo canton, Cotopaxi province. The objective was to evaluate the dose and timing of application of Azolla extract (A. azollae) in broccoli cultivation (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in order to analyze its effect on different treatments. The study factors evaluated were the extract dose: 5 cm³/L, 10 cm³/L, and 15 cm³/L, and the timing of application; at 15 days (A1), at 15 and 30 days (A2), and at 15, 30, and 45 days (A3) after transplanting. The most effective treatment with the most favorable results was D3A3 in various response variables, which showed head weight (452.67 g), plant height (37.20 cm), root volume (32.73 cm3), head diameter (12.00 cm), and yield (18106.67 kg/ha). Similarly, it was observed that there were no significant variations in the number of leaves in any treatment. These results are attributed to the benefits and different metabolic compounds present in the extracts, which act favorably in the production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivation, as reflected in this research.Item Evaluación de promotores de crecimiento en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2023-09) Villacrés Pabón, Bryan Andrés; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoLettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an economically important crop in the province of Tungurahua, mainly in the parishes of Izamba and Cunchibamba. This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating different products and doses, used as growth promoters in the lettuce crop, the Starfigther variety was implemented, which is characterized by being a good option for fresh green leaves, being easy to grow and can be consume in salads, promising to meet the needs of small producers for such a reason that its performance is directly influenced. An experimental design of Randomized Complete Blocks with nine treatments plus a control was used. The results showed that the use of the Algalig product resulted in the highest values of root volume. However, no statistically significant differences were found regarding the number of leaves and dry weights between the different treatments. The crop cycle, which spanned from the date of transplantation to harvest, lasted 45 days in all treatments. In conclusion, the use of growth promoting products showed favorable changes in the crop, which translated into an increase in its productivity