Medicina

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    Esteatosis hepática no alcohólica y su relación con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-07-10) Quishpe Pullupaxi, Bélgica Silvana; Silva Tirado, Mónica Paulina
    Non-alcoholic steatosis of the liver (NAFLD) is considered a generally asymptomatic disease, characterized by the accumulation of ectopic fat at the hepatocyte level, without toxic alcohol consumption, the global prevalence is estimated at 24%, up to 80%. % of diabetic patients present NAFLD, various pathophysiological mechanisms not yet well established related to both peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance (IR), promotes steatosis and the development of NAFLD, liver biopsy is the gold standard study for diagnosis, the treatment is based instead on a lifestyle based on diet and exercise, further research is still required for the use of drugs that improve insulin resistance. For this review, a search was carried out in different databases such as: Pubmed, SciencieDirect, Medline, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Scielo and New England Journal of Medicine from 2017 to 2022.
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    Efectividad de los probióticos como estrategia terapéutica para modificar la microbiota intestinal en pacientes adultos obesos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-07-06) Guachi Chango, Tamara Fabiola; Aguilar Salazar, ,Aida Fabiola
    Introduction: Obesity is considered a global epidemic that leads to the evolution of metabolism. Obesity has been related to intestinal microbiota examinations, which is why it becomes an important objective for the management of this pathology, probiotics have been highlighted as an alternative to regulate the composition of the microbiota in obese people, since these have been described as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, obtained a benefit for the health of the host. Objective: To review the available evidence about the efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy to modulate the intestinal microbiota in obese adult patients. Methodology: A bibliographic search of articles included in relevant databases such as PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Cochrane and Scielo, 75% of the articles reviewed corresponding to the period 2017-2022. Results: After carrying out the bibliographic review, the pathogenic mechanisms of obesity were analyzed, which seek to increase the number of Bifidobacterium spp. and lactic acid bars responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and thus modifying the microbiota of obese patients. In the study of probiotics with an impact on the microbiota of this group of patients, the administration has been related to different strains of bacteria (L.gasseri SBT2055, L.gasseri BNR17, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, L.plantarum TENSIA, Lactobacillus spp. Puritan's Pride, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 y L. casei DN001) to weight loss, however these studies were inconclusive. Conclusions: Probiotics allow modulating the functions of the endogenous microbiota, specifically the strains of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. since it influences body weight by improving energy metabolism and lipolysis, even when the results of most studies are not uniform or conclusive.
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    Revisión bibliográfica de obesidad metabolicamente normopeso
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-07-03) Lascano Fiallos, Karen Estefanía; Tufiño Aguilar, Andrea Alexandra
    Obesity is characterized as the excess accumulation of body fat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO). In Metabolically Normal Weight Obesity, the main determinants are genetic background and lifestyle. Patients with metabolically normal weight obesity are easily masked by the very fact of having a normal weight, which is why little attention is still paid to prevention and there is a delay in diagnosis and treatment.
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    Revisión bibliográfica sobre definición, criterios diagnósticos y tratamiento de obesos metabólicamente sanos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-07-03) Espin Balarezo, Evelin Lucia; Tufiño Aguilar, Andrea Alexandra
    A special group of obese or overweight people who lack or do not present metabolic alterations have been described or referred to as metabolically healthy obese. However, individuals may be free of obesity-related complications, but may not be completely exempt from developing cardiometabolic disorders. Obesity is associated with a group of disorders that are related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia that together are called the metabolic syndrome. Obesity has increased in adults and drastically in children and adolescents whose prevalence may reach 20% by 2025. The prevalence of metabolically healthy obese people ranges from 6% to 60% or 75%, and varies according to sociodemographic factors, such as ethnic origin and age, therefore, the importance of characterizing metabolically healthy individuals arises. There are criteria that are going to be obtained based on an outpatient clinical setting, however others need more sophisticated tests. There are several criteria for diagnosis such as: fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure. Lifestyle factors are influenced in these individuals, it is important to mention the cardiovascular risk that they may present. The recommended firstline treatment for metabolically healthy obese patients is weight loss; bariatric surgery is currently being discussed as an effective weight loss strategy.
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    Prevención de la sarcopenia en el paciente adulto mayor con obesidad
    (2023-07-03) Chauca Taipe, Daniela Belén; Cevallos Teneda, Andrea Carolina
    Introduction: Sarcopenic obesity is distinguished by age-related decline in muscularity, strength or physical function, with increased prevalence in an aging adult population at risk for complications from both sarcopenia and other pathologies such as obesity. There are current dietary and pharmacological strategies that will help to lead a better quality of life. Methodology: this was a systematic review of validated medical literature with management of ''descriptors in health sciences'' to delimit and specify the research topic: prevention of sarcopenia in the elderly patient with obesity, for the search medical platforms were used whose articles were rated as high impact. Objective: To gather updated information on the prevention of sarcopenia in older adult patients with obesity. Conclusion: Sarcopenia and obesity in older adults leads to a decrease in skeletal muscle strength and function, seriously affecting their quality of life, so it is necessary to apply the diagnostic criteria early in order to implement timely intervention and treatment.
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    Actualización sobre el tratamiento de la infertilidad en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico SOP
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-07-03) Aillón Maroto, Iveth Aracelly; Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo Javier
    Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathology with multifactorial etiology, it presents different manifestations, including hirsutism, obesity, menstrual disorders, infertility, caused by anovulation. Methodology: A review of the descriptive and retrospective medical literature of scientific arti -cles published up to January 2021 was carried out. The search for articles was carried out in databases such as: Pub-Med, Scielo, Cochrane and Scopus. Results: Different diagnostic criteria have been created over time,the most currently used are the Rottman criteria and the treatment is carried out individually, according to thepatient's need or requirement. There are different treatments for PCOS that correct different alterations of thedisease and are usually used alone or in combination. If the patient needs to conceive, she will not only receivepharmacological treatment, but management based on improving lifestyle and reducing her weight, since this,together with other factors, significantly influenced female anovulation. Conclusion: In the current scenario, a large part of the patients are obese, so it is necessary to prom ote changes in lifesty le. The first-line treatment for ovulation disorders is based on oral contraceptives, androgens in hirsutism, oral antidiabetics in cases of insulin resistance and infertility. It should be noted that only met-formin is accepted as infertility treatment ininsulin resistant patients.
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    Diagnóstico de obesidad y uso de biomarcadores: revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-06-09) Granda Soria, Daniela Belen; Cevallos Teneda, Andrea Carolina
    The obesity pandemic needs new approaches and a consensus in the treatment of conditions that lead to morbidity, biomarkers, defined as indicators of biological processes in health and disease. The objective of this review was to examine obesity biomarkers in adults, to identify their potential role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The search retrieved 37 articles published from January 1, 2015 to March 31, 2022 that compared biomarkers that were associated with obesity BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 (in the W estern population) or 28 kg/m 2 (in the oriental population), which provide risk estimates for said condition, also risk estimates with a CI of 95% for the associations of a risk factor evidenced in diagnostic tests. Biomarkers possess valuable diagnostic and prognostic power, a new frontier may be glimpsed treating not only linked behaviors and lifestyles but also being able to describe the effects of interventions for the prevention and treatment of obesity.