Efectividad de los probióticos como estrategia terapéutica para modificar la microbiota intestinal en pacientes adultos obesos

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is considered a global epidemic that leads to the evolution of metabolism. Obesity has been related to intestinal microbiota examinations, which is why it becomes an important objective for the management of this pathology, probiotics have been highlighted as an alternative to regulate the composition of the microbiota in obese people, since these have been described as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, obtained a benefit for the health of the host. Objective: To review the available evidence about the efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy to modulate the intestinal microbiota in obese adult patients. Methodology: A bibliographic search of articles included in relevant databases such as PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Cochrane and Scielo, 75% of the articles reviewed corresponding to the period 2017-2022. Results: After carrying out the bibliographic review, the pathogenic mechanisms of obesity were analyzed, which seek to increase the number of Bifidobacterium spp. and lactic acid bars responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and thus modifying the microbiota of obese patients. In the study of probiotics with an impact on the microbiota of this group of patients, the administration has been related to different strains of bacteria (L.gasseri SBT2055, L.gasseri BNR17, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, L.plantarum TENSIA, Lactobacillus spp. Puritan's Pride, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 y L. casei DN001) to weight loss, however these studies were inconclusive. Conclusions: Probiotics allow modulating the functions of the endogenous microbiota, specifically the strains of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. since it influences body weight by improving energy metabolism and lipolysis, even when the results of most studies are not uniform or conclusive.