Medicina
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Item IMPACTO DE LA CIRUGÍA DE RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE PISO PÉLVICO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA DE MUJERES CON PROLAPSO DE ÓRGANOS PÉLVICOS(2025-06-16) Cruz Villamarín Paúl Alexánder; Bustillos Solorzano Marcos Edison; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) refers to the descent of pelvic structures due to weakened pelvic floor support. This condition affects various organs and has a multidimensional impact on patients' lives. Objective: To evaluate the impact of. pelvic floor reconstruction surgery on the quality of life in women with POP, focusing on urinary, bowel, and sexual function, as well as psychological well-being. Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Studies published in the last 5 years, primarily systematic reviews and meta-analyses, were included, resulting in the selection of forty-seven articles for the final review. Results: The techniques with the most positive impact on quality of life include Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy with 86.7% and Colpocleisis with 89%, while Transvaginal Synthetic Mesh Repair shows the least impact with 71%. Notably, even techniques with lower percentages of improvement still demonstrate significant positive effects. The efficacy of these interventions varies between 81% and 91.9%, with effectiveness ranging from 72% to 90.2%, suggesting a high success rate in treating POP. Conclusion: Surgical techniques for POP significantly improve quality of life, with success rates between 71% and 89%. Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy and Colpocleisis stand out for their effectiveness, while the use of transvaginal mesh shows lower results and more complications. These interventions optimize urinary, bowel and sexual functions, as well as the psychological well-being of patients.Item INNOVACIÓN EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL DOLOR LUMBAR CRÓNICO, UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(2025-06-16) Zuña Guamán, Rosa Angélica; Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a public health problem that causes disability and work absenteeism, with a high socioeconomic impact. To reduce its burden on health systems and patients, effective and accessible therapeutic alternatives with less dependence on drugs are being sought. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of innovative and conventional treatments for CLBP, analyzing their impact on pain reduction, functionality, and quality of life of patients. Methods: A systematic review was performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and SciELO, including studies from 2019 to 2024 on innovative treatments for CLBP. We excluded research with small samples or without a control group, following a two-stage selection process. Results: Non-pharmacological therapies, emerging technologies such as virtual reality and mobile applications, therapeutic massages and medicinal plants were found to favor adherence to treatment and reduce the perception of pain in patients. Discussion: Non-pharmacological strategies have advantages over conventional treatments by reducing adverse effects and analgesic dependence. This highlights the importance of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach in the management of CLBP. Conclusion: Innovative interventions, especially non-pharmacological ones, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain and improving functionality and quality of life. It is recommended that these approaches be prioritized in clinical practice, although more research is needed to confirm their long-term effectiveness.Item MANEJO DE ESPONDILOLISTESIS DEGENERATIVA LUMBAR: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Dias Dias, Joselyn Estefania; Telenchana Chimbo, Paulo FernandoIntroduction: Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) is a condition defined as the anterior displacement of a vertebra in relation to the underlying vertebra. Among spinal pathologies, it presents a worldwide incidence of 20.7% and 18% in Latin America. It predominantly affects females and most commonly involves the L4-L5 segment. Its management is controversial due to varying surgical techniques. Objective: To provide a comprehensive guide for managing LDS. Methodology: An exhaustive review of health science databases was conducted up to July 2023, seeking relevant articles on LDS. Seventeen articles meeting the criteria were obtained for this work. Results: Conservative treatment is considered for mild cases, taking into account factors such as age, comorbidities, and the degree of slippage based on the Meyerding classification. Surgical intervention is based on surgical decompression, intervertebral fusion, and direct repair of the isthmic defect. Conclusions: The management of this condition is intricate and dependent on multiple variables, including symptom intensity, degree of vertebral slippage, presence of spinal stenosis, failure of conservative treatment, and surgeon's decision.Item ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA CÁNCER TESTICULAR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Chamorro Ortiz, Tatiana Alexandra; Parra Rosero, Andrea CatalinaIntroduction: Testicular cancer is a common neoplasm in young men aged between 15 and 40 years. It significantly affects a man's quality of life and reproductive function; however, it has a 90% cure rate and a 95% survival rate in those who are diagnosed early. Nevertheless, the clinical presentation is not specific and may only appear as painless unilateral swelling. For this reason, it is important to be aware of the risk factors for testicular cancer, which can range from age, syndromes, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Objective: Integrate updated knowledge on risk factors for testicular cancer. Methodology: A review of updated scientific literature was carried out between the period of 2019-2023. The search was performed using the terms: “risk factors for testicular cancer” “Testicular cancer” “Epidemiology of Testicular Cancer” “Etiology of Testicular Cancer”, in databases: Medscape, Clinical Practice Guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane. Results: Through the theoretical search it was possible to obtain updated information on the definition, etiology, epidemiology, the main risk factors, the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention measures in relation to testicular cancer. Conclusions: Testicular cancer, although rare, has a good prognosis with early diagnosis and treatment. Detection through self-examination and regular tests is crucial.Item TORSIÓN TESTICULAR Y SU AFECCIÓN EN LA REPRODUCTIVIDAD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-07) Almeida Paredes, Sheyla Pamela; Jurado Melo, Verónica CristinaTesticular torsion (TT) is a pediatric and urologic emergency with an incidence of 4.5 per 100,000 men per year. This condition can occur at any age; however, it is more common in young males, with a bimodal incidence in the pediatric population, during the first year of life, and between 13 and 16 years of age. Despite the existence of treatments for TT, it has been found that this condition leaves certain sequelae in the testicles; The objective of this research was to analyze the incidence of TT on human reproductive activity. The databases used were PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect; To choose the data, the language English and Spanish was and the availability of the full text were taken into account. Studies conducted in humans as well as in model animals were analysed. Finally, it was concluded that after detortion, patients recover normal endocrine function, germ cell DNA is free from damage, and sperm volume and quality improve in the long term.Item “Influencia de la tuberculosis pulmonar en la calidad de vida de los pacientes atendidos en el área de salud N.- 2 período enero - diciembre 2013”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Medicina, 2014-11-01) Carrillo Cunalata, Doris Marisol; Changoluisa Paredes, Edgar Ramiro Dr.Through the history of pulmonary tuberculosis has been considered a high-risk condition for life, although in Ecuador has only been handled medically , in order to manage the patient medically , controlling management treatment, more still has neglected the psychological level , which is involved in the quality of life of sufferers , affecting their health and changing sociability; However with technological advances has managed to find new treatments that have become more bearable lifestyle of patients affected by tuberculosis , within this research study is an analysis of the disease is detailed , the procedures used in the treatment so general and specifically the relationship between the disease and the quality of life of patients treated at this clinic in 2013 , through the implementation of a survey data could be obtained once we tabulated validate the hypothesis which has been the starting point for establishing the final proposal under the criteria of the development of a protocol for the treatment and improving lifestyle of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.