Sistema de calefacción de agua por inducción electromagnética para el uso doméstico

Abstract

El avance de la electrónica de potencia ha permitido el desarrollo de los sistemas de inducción magnética. Los sistemas de inducción magnética a lo largo de la historia, se han aplicado en sistemas industriales tales como la industria de fundición, fusión, metalurgia y construcción de piezas mecánicas. El calentamiento de fluidos es una de las aplicaciones de la tecnología de inducción que más acogida tienen en la industria, ya que esta tecnología proporciona un mejor rendimiento. En los últimos años, la industria de inducción ha propuesto una innovadora linea de investigación dedicada a la linea blanca o electrodomésticos. La presente investigación tiene como propósito el desarrollo de un prototipo de sistema de calefacción de agua por inducción magnética para el uso domésticos, el prototipo desarrollado utilizan los fenómenos de inducción magnética. Basado en los principios del efecto Joule y la leyes de Maxwell se produce el calentamiento de un material metálico bajo la acción de un campo magnético variable, generando corrientes parásitas en el material. Estas corrientes se disipan en forma de calor permitiendo el calentamiento de los fluidos que contenga el mencionado material. Actualmente, el gobierno del Ecuador apuesta decididamente por la trasformación del modelo energético. En este sentido, la sustitución de sistemas de calentamiento de agua sanitaria, que consumen importantes cantidades de recursos fósiles, por innovadores dispositivos de inducci´on magnética es una de las propuestas m´as importantes dentro de la estrategia de trasformación de la matriz energética y coincide con los lineamientos generales del plan del buen vivir. El prototipo diseñado tiene un gran aporte tecnológico, económico y medio ambiental. Para la implementación del prototipo se ha realizado una ardua investigación de los diferentes circuitos de inducci´on que se utilizan en la actualidad para la fabricación de sistemas de inducción, entre estos sistemas destacan las cocinas de inducción. El estudio realizado permite la selecci´on del circuito más adecuado para la implementación del dispositivo y mejor el aprovechamiento de energía. A futuro se espera que el uso de nuevos e innovadores dispositivos reduzca el consumo de recursos fósiles e impulse el uso de recursos renovables. El uso de recursos renovables para la generación de la electricidad y las energías limpias permitirán contar con un elevado ahorro económico al país como se puede concluir del análisis del costo económico realizado en el presente trabajo. El aporte económico que genera este ahorro permitirá que el país disponga de altos ingresos económicos los cuales pueden ser redirigidos a las sectores mas vulnerables del paÍs. ABSTRACT The advancement of power electronics has permEl advancement of power electronics has enabled the development of systems for magnetic induction. Magnetic induction systems throughout history, have been applied in industrial systems such as foundry, melting, metallurgy and construction of mechanical parts. The heating fluid is one of the applications of induction technology have more acceptance in the industry, since this technology provides better performance. In recent years, the industry has proposed a Induction innovative line of research dedicated to the appliances or appliances. This research aims to develop a prototype system for water heating by magnetic induction for domestic use, the prototype developed using the phenomena of magnetic induction. Based on the principles of the Joule effect and the laws of Maxwell heating a metallic material it occurs under the action of a variable magnetic field, generating eddy currents in the material. These currents are dissipated as heat allowing the heating fluid containing said material. Currently, the government of Ecuador is firmly committed to transforming the energy model. In this sense, the replacement of heating systems hot water, which consume large amounts of fossil fuels, innovative devices for magnetic induction is one of the most important proposals in the strategy of transformation of the energy mix and match guidelines General plan of good living. The prototype design is a technological, economic and environmental contribution. To implement the prototype was performed painstaking research of various induction loops are used today for the manufacture of induction systems, between these systems include induction cookers. The study allows the selection of the correct circuit for implementing the device and better use of energy. A future is expected to use innovative new devices reduce the consumption of fossil resources and boost the use of renewable resources. The use of renewable resources for the generation of electricity and clean energy will allow to have a high economic saving the country as can be concluded from the analysis of the economic cost made in the present work. The economic contribution generated by these savings will allow the country to have higher incomes which can be directed to the most vulnerable sectors of pa´ıs.itido developing magnetic induction systems. Magnetic induction systems throughout history, have been applied in industrial systems such as foundry, melting, metallurgy and construction of mechanical parts. The heating fluid is one of the applications of induction technology have more acceptance in the industry, since this technology provides better performance. In recent years, the industry has proposed a Induction innovative line of research dedicated to the appliances or appliances. This research aims to develop a prototype system for water heating by magnetic induction for domestic use, the prototype developed using the phenomena of magnetic induction. Based on the principles of the Joule effect and the laws of Maxwell heating a metallic material it occurs under the action of a variable magnetic field, generating eddy currents in the material. These currents are dissipated as heat allowing the heating fluid containing said material. Currently, the government of Ecuador is firmly committed to transforming the energy model. In this sense, the replacement of heating systems hot water, which consume large amounts of fossil fuels, innovative devices for magnetic induction is one of the most important proposals in the strategy of transformation of the energy mix and match guidelines General plan of good living. The prototype design is a technological, economic and environmental contribution. To implement the prototype was performed painstaking research of various induction loops are used today for the manufacture of induction systems, between these systems include induction cookers. The study allows the selection of the correct circuit for implementing the device and better use of energy. A future is expected to use innovative new devices reduce the consumption of fossil resources and boost the use of renewable resources. The use of renewable resources for the generation of electricity and clean energy will allow to have a high economic saving the country as can be concluded from the analysis of the economic cost made in the present work. The economic contribution generated by these savings will allow the country to have higher incomes which can be directed to the most vulnerable sectors.