Posturas forzadas en espacios confinados de trabajadores del mercado Plaza Urbina de la ciudad de Ambato

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to manage forced postures in confined spaces during maintenance activities carried out in the septic tank of the Plaza Urbina Market in the city of Ambato. To conduct the study, ergonomic risk factors and sub-factors were identified through direct observation, an observation checklist, a questionnaire, an interview with the worker in charge, and photographic records of the postures adopted during task execution. Subsequently, the risk level was estimated using a triple criteria matrix, and the REBA method was applied to evaluate the selected postures. The results showed that all seven postures analyzed presented high and very high risk levels, with final scores ranging between 8 and 12 points. The postures with the highest scores reflected considerable physical overload, mainly associated with trunk flexion, neck inclination, arm elevation or extension, unstable positions, and the limitations inherent to the confined space. Based on the results obtained, ergonomic control measures were proposed aimed at reducing exposure to forced postures and improving the worker's safety and health conditions. Additionally, a safe work instruction guide for the execution of maintenance activities in the septic tank was developed, along with a basic ergonomic training plan, as support tools to prevent risks and strengthen the safe execution of the activity.