Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de tracción y flexión de materiales poliméricos comerciales utilizados en componentes mecánicos

Abstract

This research analyzes the tensile and flexural mechanical properties of four commercial polymeric materials widely used in the Ecuadorian mechanical industry: Duralón, Grilon, Teflón, and Nylon. The central problem is the absence of these properties in the technical data sheets provided by local distributors, forcing engineers to rely on international reference values that may not correspond to the locally acquired material, generating risks of overdesign or premature failure. A total of 56 standardized specimens were manufactured using a cutting process that does not thermally affect the material properties: 28 Type I specimens for tensile testing (ASTM D638-22) and 28 rectangular specimens for flexural testing (ASTM D790-25), with 6 specimens tested per material per test type, from a total of 56 manufactured specimens, 8 of which were kept as backup to ensure dimensional control and traceability. The specimens were conditioned for 70 hours at 23.6 °C and 50% relative humidity in accordance with ASTM D618, ensuring controlled pre-test conditions. The tests were carried out in a certified materials testing laboratory using a 50 kN universal testing machine under the standardized conditions established by ASTM D638 and ASTM D790, ensuring the validity and traceability of the results obtained. This work generates a local experimental reference dataset of tensile and flexural mechanical properties for the tested materials, under the specific supply, geometry and testing conditions employed, providing a verifiable technical contribution for the selection of polymeric materials in mechanical components of the Ecuadorian industry