Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de pino (Pinus Patula Schltdl. & Cham), provenientes de la provincia de Cotopaxi y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)

Abstract

This study analyzes the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham) from the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, evaluating its viability as a structural material according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). In addition to providing technical data, the aim is to promote the use of sustainable local materials in construction, so that pine wood from this region can be used as a structural material in light and sustainable constructions, standing out as an economical and ecological alternative to traditional materials. The methodology was structured in four clearly defined phases. Initially, the extraction of samples from the mentioned area was carried out. Subsequently, specimens were prepared strictly following the guidelines of ASTM D 143-94, which guaranteed the standardization of the tests. Finally, mechanical tests (tensile, compression and flexural) were carried out in specialized laboratories in order to obtain accurate and reproducible data. Additionally, the results were compared with the minimum requirements demanded by the NEC 2015, ensuring a comprehensive and rigorous approach in the evaluation. Thus, the results classify pine wood as low-strength structural. The basic and dry densities of air were 0.44 g/cm3 and 0.57 g/cm3, respectively. Thus, in tension, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) reached 12845.72 MPa, and the allowable stress 11.9 MPa. In compression, the MOE was 1834.8 MPa and the allowable stress was 13.7 MPa. In flexure, the MOE was 5519.60 MPa and the allowable stress was 11.81 MPa. For this reason, these values place it in groups “B” and “C” according to the NEC 2015, highlighting its potential for specific applications within the construction field.