Arquitectura IOT aplicada al turismo inteligente para la ciudad de Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador

Abstract

TURISMO INTELIGENTE, LORAWAN, REDES INALÁMBRICAS, CIUDADES INTELIGENTES, INTERNET DE LAS COSAS This project proposes the design of an IoT architecture applied to smart tourism in the city of Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador, in order to establish a foundational technological infrastructure that enables the progressive incorporation of digital solutions for monitoring, managing, and analyzing tourism-related information, thereby contributing to the development of Baños as a smart tourism destination. The research arises from the need to integrate technological solutions that support environmental monitoring, people flow control, and parking area management, optimizing connectivity and access to real-time information in a city with high tourism activity and particular geographical conditions. The proposed architecture consists of four fundamental layers: perception, network, processing, and application. These layers integrate sensors, IoT devices, communication protocols, and technological platforms that enable data acquisition, transmission, processing, and visualization. LoRaWAN technology is employed for communication between IoT nodes and gateways due to its wide coverage, low energy consumption, and efficient data transmission capabilities. In addition, tools such as CupCarbon, OMNeT++, Radio Mobile, InfluxDB, and Grafana were used for data simulation, evaluation, and visualization, enabling the analysis of network performance, coverage, and connectivity parameters. Furthermore, the geographical conditions of Baños de Agua Santa were considered to optimize device placement and ensure communication stability. As a result, a functional and scalable architecture was obtained and validated through simulations and laboratory tests using IoT devices, demonstrating functionality, connectivity, and efficient data transmission within the proposed architecture.