Evaluación del riesgo ergonómico en la descarga de furgones de supermercado

Abstract

The main objective of this research was the evaluation of ergonomic risk in supermarket workers, the methodology used was handled under the quantitative approach of descriptive type, also with a non-experimental design, for this research we had the participation of 20 supermarket employees, which is located in the province of Cotopaxi, to whom a personal data sheet was applied, in addition to labor and labor welfare test. Once these tests were applied, the body posture was evaluated at the moment of unloading the merchandise for the supply of the store. Two main postures were taken into account in the evaluation: the moment of lifting the load and later the placement in the determined place. This was done under a method of observations and taking images, videos and more to help a correct evaluation, each image collected was entered into the Kinovea software where it was possible to establish the joint angles that they handled at the time of the activity, data that could be analyzed under the method of rapid body assessment REBA, the same that established the risk of injury of each individual evaluated. The REBA data showed that, of the two tasks evaluated, the first, which corresponds to the lifting of loads, is the one that presents the greatest risk to workers, assuming that it is due to the weight they lift each workday, as well as the repetitive motion they perform, in addition to the short time they have to perform it. Factors such as the time spent in the workplace, age, sex, schooling, daily work and little knowledge of postural management are associated with probable injuries in the short term.