Guía de cuidados de enfermería en adultos mayores con dependencia para disminuir el riesgo de úlceras por presión en el hogar

Abstract

Pressure ulcers is a geriatric syndrome that has now become a health problem but can be prevented in 95% of cases, through education and training for caregivers or family members, injuries can be avoided. and its complications. General objective: Establish a guide for nursing care in elderly people with dependency at home to reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. Methods: It is a research with a quantitative, field, descriptive level approach with a longitudinal design. The instruments used were the Barthel scale, the Norton scale and the COCU-LCRD 23 questionnaire with a reliability of 0.852. For data analysis, the SPSS version 27 program was used. Results: the assessment of the elderly with the Barthel scale found that 52.4% have moderate dependency, 33.3% low dependency and 14.3% % severe dependency; In the assessment of the risk of pressure ulcers with the Norton scale, 52.4% were found to be at high risk, 38.1 at medium risk, and 9.5 at very high risk. Regarding the educational intervention of caregivers or family members, the questionnaire is divided into 6 items 1) Assessment of the skin: pretest with 9.5% in the posttest with 95.2%. 2) Skin care: 9.5% pretest and 100% in the posttest. 3) Pressure relief: pretest 9.5% and posttest 90.5%. 4) Diet: pretest 14.3% and posttest 95.2%. 5) Humidity: pretest 47.6% in the posttest 95.2%. 6) Friction: 19.0% in the pretest and 95.2% in the posttest. Conclusion: Education for caregivers or relatives with dependent older adults helps prevent the development of health complications such as pressure ulcers.