Análisis Técnico Económico de Vigas Aligeradas y su Incidencia en el Diseño Sismorresistente de un Edificio de Estructura Metálica

Abstract

The technical-economic differences between idealized structural systems with homogeneous web beams and beams with web openings emerge as the main elements of a steel building, considering occupational and seismic demands typical of Ambato city. In accordance with the architectural proposal for the implementation of a building, the input data for the construction of a mathematical model that adjusts, more closely, to the real conditions of the structure were defined. The structural analysis and design of the building guarantees its seismic behavior in accordance with the requirements established in the codes: NEC-SE-DS, NEC-SE-AC, AISC 341-16, AISC 360-16 and ASCE/SEI 7-16. Once this process was completed, the beams with critical demands were identified to be supported in a process of restructuring their geometry through the incorporation of rectangular and circular openings in their web, to establish structural and economic differences respect to a beam with a homogeneous web. Beams with circular openings suffer less vertical and lateral deformations under a controlled loading condition, in contrast to an equivalent beam with rectangular openings. When the web of a homogeneous beam is disturbed by perforations, the internal forces tend to increase around them; being the corners of the rectangular openings those that present the greatest concentration of these efforts. Respect to the economic factor, the construction of a residential steel structure with beams with web opening presents a minimal advantage with respect to a system with homogeneous web, due to the increase in the cost for its manufacture and assembly, in the local market.