Evaluación de la efectividad de Cladosporium sp. en el control de Tetranychus urticae Koch en el cultivo de Rubus glaucus Benth

Abstract

The blackberry known as Rubus glaucus is a product that has reached high commercialization rates, it is known that in Ecuador, precisely in the provinces of Chimborazo, Tungurahua and Cotopaxi, they have managed to reach production of up to 30 tons per hectare, for this reason it is necessary to pest control how the red spider known worldwide as Tetranychus urticae being a very proliferating pest that attacks crops in all its nymphal stages. This project is focused on the purification and application of the entomopathogenic fungus Cladosporium sp to determine the efficiency through the mortality of T. urticae populations. The fungus was planted in Petri dishes with PDA medium, it was purified 2 times until obtaining colonies with a homogeneous appearance, which can be recognized mainly by its peculiar olive blue color that can be seen from both sides of the petri dish. For the mite breeding units, controlled populations were carried out with 5 repetitions with 10 units for each treatment and a control and 4 doses of the acaropathogenic cladosporium isolate were determined, which were T1 (Control), T2 (2x10³), T3 (2x10⁴ ), T4 (2x10⁵) and T5 (2x10⁶ conidia/ml), at the end of 12 days it was observed that T5 and T4 achieved mortalities of 64% (a) and 48% (ab) respectively. T3 presented 40% mortality, while T2 and T1 mortality of 28 and 26%. The T5 and T4 tested in the laboratory were taken to the field and after 15 days of observation they gave 49 and 32% mortality of T. urticae, they were examined under the statistical distribution analysis “T – student” with the objective of determining the dose of entomopathogenic Cladosporium that best controls the blackberry spider mite.