Implementación de un protocolo de diagnóstico epidemiológico para la determinación la incidencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes adultos que se atienden en el centro de salud de Pasa – Tungurahua

Abstract

Gastrointestinal diseases being one of the main public health problems in Ecuador, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, or by the consumption of contaminated water or food; its prevalence depends on the socioeconomic level of the patients, the pathogens involved are viruses, parasites and bacteria. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic methods used in the health center of Pasa to establish Helicobacter pylori infection as well as the phase of eradication of the posttreatment microorganism, to implement an epidemiological diagnostic protocol to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection Helicobacter pylori in adult patients treated at the Pasa - Tungurahua health center through the systematic use of the Immunochromatography test of the rapid test of the Antigen in feces with the specificity of 98.4% that allowed confirming the diagnosis and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, analyzing the presence of risk factors in the study population. The methodology used was observational field type, prospective during the period September 2021-March 2022, it was carried out in two phases; the first was the determination of the current conditions of the prevalence and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and the second the determination of the eradication of the infection with the treatment of the patients who required it in the first phase, the collection of data, surveys were applied that were validated by professionals of the institution according to parameters of reliability, validity and objectivity. The results obtained show the prevalence of 52% of the patients of the studied sample that present concomitant factors for infection, the sample was 50 patients, 92.31% of patients, the pharmacological therapy used served for sensitization and eradication, 7.69% were obtained where apparently the treatment did not have an effect, but not due to the action of the treatment but due to the lack of adherence, a condition that can favor bacterial resistance. UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO CENTRO DE POSGRADOS 17 It is concluded that according to the results the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is significant with 52% in the study population. The epidemiological diagnosis protocol was implemented that will serve as a guide in the care of patients who present symptoms related to Helicobacter pylori infection. The use of rapid tests by detecting fecal antigens for the determination of Helicobacter pylori and the performance of the second tests for the eradication of the infection were made known to the medical and technical personnel in the Health Unit. patients on the prevention of infection, diagnosis and treatment to eradicate the bacteria to avoid complications and support the process of timely and efficient care for patients with this morbidity to avoid relevant mortality.