Análisis de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de madera estructural ecuatoriana y su aplicación en el diseño de vivienda social

Abstract

For the elaboration of this experimental work, samples of 9 species of wood used in the construction industry were obtained to determine their physical-mechanical properties. In each species, the tests of Compression Parallel to grain, Compression Perpendicular to grain, Static Flexion and Traction Parallel to grain were performed, both on wood samples in their natural moisture state (sawmill moisture) and on wood samples ovendried, to later analyze the different properties obtained at a humidity of 12% (by interpolation). With the obtained results for each species, comparative graphs were made of the variation of the resistance to Parallel Compression, Perpendicular Compression, Flexion, Traction and Elastic Modulus, observing the differences between the different species. In addition, an analysis of the variation of all properties as function of density of each wood species was carried out. It was observed that Yumbingue species samples presented the highest resistance to parallel compression, perpendicular compression and traction; while the highest flexural strength was presented by the Intachi species. Eucalyptus, in addition of being one of the most economical species, presented quite acceptable resistance values for all mechanical properties. Based on the analysis of the physical-mechanical properties of the wood species tested, the design and budget of a social interest house was elaborated using eucalyptus wood as primary material for the construction of the structure