Determinación del ciclo de cultivo del maíz (Zea mays) VAR. blanco harinoso tipo chazo

Abstract

The present research work was carried out with the purpose of determining the crop cycle of corn (Zea mays) var. white floury type chazo, the research was conducted in the province of Tungurahua canton Ambato in the parish Huachi la Magdalena neighborhood orchids; at an altitude of 2 841 meters above sea level in a sandy loam soil at the following coordinates: latitude 01°17'23.4" South and longitude 78°38'18.6" West. The research is experimental, bibliographic and descriptive in nature and therefore does not contain a hypothesis, experimental design or treatments. The data were taken quantitatively and qualitatively, counting the days of duration of each phenological stage according to the parameters established in appendices by FAO. This study provides information to help optimize the technical management of the corn crop, providing information on the duration of each phenological stage, crop coefficient and root depth in order to establish crop evapotranspiration, irrigation sheets, frequency and irrigation calendar. As a result, it was obtained that the corn crop cycle is 220 days, concluding that the duration of the first stage or initial stage was (18 days), the second stage or development stage (90 days), the third stage or intermediate stage (44 days) and the fourth stage or final stage maturation and harvest (68 days). The crop coefficient (Kc) was obtained from the different phenological stages of the crop: Kc of the initial stage 0.58, Kc of the development stage between 0.58 and 1.05, Kc of the intermediate stage 1.05, Kc of the final stage or maturation and harvest stage 0.55. As for the root depth of each phenological stage, in the initial stage a length of 25.73 cm was obtained, in the development stage 60.43 cm, in the intermediate stage 67.16 cm and in the final stage 83.8 cm