Estrategia de prevención de riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular en pacientes con lipodistrofia e infección por vih en tratamiento antirretroviral.

Abstract

Introduction: Antiretrovirals as a side effect generates the appearance of metabolic alterations that phenotypically manifest with lipodystrophy, the present investigation seeks a strategy for the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in patients living with HIV and lipodystrophy. Methods: Systematic bibliographic review of articles published within the years 2015 - 2021 in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Dialnet, Medes, Cochrane, in which the MeSH terms were used: “Lipodystrophy”, “HIV / AIDS ", "Nutritional condition". The use of the boolean "and" was used, discarding the use of "or" since the interest was to examine publications on metabolic and cardiovascular risk in patients with lipodystrophy and HIV infection. The following equations were used in the aforementioned databases, “HIV / AIDS” AND “Lipodystrophy” AND “Nutritional status”. In addition, as a complement, the bibliographic references of each article were manually reviewed. The inclusion criteria were articles from all countries, published during the previous 5 years, in the Spanish and English languages. Studies conducted in human adults infected with HIV / AIDS, undergoing antiretroviral treatment and presenting lipodystrophy were chosen. Articles that studied pediatric patients, that did not include lipodystrophy, and those that did not have conclusive results were excluded. Titles and abstracts were read. the inclusion or not of the article to read the full text; For this, an abstract selection table was prepared. The information of each article was recorded, in a database in Microsoft Excel 2010, which included year and place of occurrence, population, age, sex, diagnostic tests, indicators, percentage of lipodystrophy, metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: It is necessary to present a strategy for the early identification of metabolic and cardiovascular risk and its prevention early.