Estrategia de prevención de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en neurocirugía fundamentada en factores de riesgo

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical site infection control is of paramount importance to reduce complications, hospital stay, avoid resistance to antibiotics, reduce hospital care costs, improve health indicators. Therefore, the identification of probable risk factors and the development of a prevention strategy is an urgent need, much more so in neurosurgical patients due to mortality and associated disability. Objective: To design a strategy for the prevention of surgical site infections in neurosurgery based on identified risk factors. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, case study study of patients who underwent neurosurgical surgical procedures was carried out, during the period from November 1, 2017 to April 30, 2020, a total of 269 surgeries and one census sample of 30 cases that did present, the risk factors under study were: age, American Society of Anestesiologists Physical Status Classification (ASA) level, presence of comorbidities, sex, presence of drains, osteosynthesis material or implants, prophylactic antibiotic, duration of surgery, type of wound , etiology, priority of surgery descriptive statistical methods will be used. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infections (SSI) was 11.2%, with craniotomies being the surgeries that were infected in the highest proportion, in addition, a statistical importance was evidenced in the following factors: age: adults 18-64 years, male sex, ASA III, presence of osteosynthesis material and implants, trauma as etiology, emergent surgeries, surgery time: average of 4 hours, arterial hypertension(HTA), most prevalent isolated microorganism: staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: The surgical site infection prevention strategy in Neurosurgery, based on the identification of probable risk factors, constitutes a viable alternative for the control of surgical site-associated infections in the specialty, with a favorable impact on associated morbidity and mortality