Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura
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Item Evaluación de la calidad de procesos de soldadura a travès de realidad aumentada(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Alcocer Salazar, Francisco Saúl; Arteaga López, Oscar BladimirIndustry 4.0 in the country has a great growth so one of the main problems is the continuous improvement of quality control processes generally in welding, traditional methods of visual inspection are used, and currently the knowledge of new technologies for these methods is booming. A mobile application was developed on Android 10 through a free software such as Unity and Vuforia with Visual Studio 2019, in which the physical parameters were determined to digital parameters for the evaluation of the quality of welding processes through to augmented reality, is so the use of this new application can be displayed on all Android devices in the world. The development of this mobile application using augmented reality is an innovative tool that helps to evaluate the quality of weld seams made in single V butt joints, also by using the user menu you can scan a marker or QR code which must be placed in each joint to be analyzed, in this case the screen displays a menu of options that allows manual selection of the marker scanning options, After selecting the scan, the camera automatically searches for the weld bead, once focused approximately 300 mm long perpendicular to the surface, the screen displays vertical and longitudinal strips, colored strips in which weld width, weld length, undercuts, porosity, and lack of fusion are identified. This application is of great help and continuous improvement in quality control processes used in welding, its use is very simple and the inspection time is much less compared to traditional methods of visual inspection, and in the future you can link these data in real time for interpretation.Item Tecnología para la automatización del proceso de teñido STONE en máquina lavadora industrial de jeans(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Marco Vinicio Pilco Núñez; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe present investigation has as objective the automation of the stone dyeing process, in the industrial washing machine, according to the conditions of the Apitex jean washing machine, in a first aspect a bibliographic and field study is carried out, so that the variables to be controlled are determined, such as: Temperature, time and water level, which are directly involved in the stone process implemented in the washing machine, it is also determined that the quality in terms of effectiveness is 99 percent and efficiency is equal to 90 percent, relating these values it is determined that productivity is 89 percent in the current process. With this background, the automated conceptual design of the process is carried out, with the purpose of making an adequate selection of the equipment such as: controller, actuators and sensors, which comply with the standards implemented in the process conditions and economic acquisition of the same. Next, the equipment was implemented in the industrial washing machine, with a capacity of 50Kg, of the Apitex washing machine for the subsequent calibration and operation of the automated stone dyeing process, finally when relating quality and efficiency of the final process, it was determined that the productivity is 95 percent, increased by 6 percent in relation to the initial process of the business.Item Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de materiales compuestos con matriz polimérica y refuerzo de fibra de vidrio para su uso en filamento de impresión 3D(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Villegas Suárez, Edmundo Sebastián; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present research work was focused on determining the best configuration of the polymeric matrix of recycled PET plastic and glass fiber reinforcement, for the manufacture of a new polymeric composite material intended for the extrusion of filament for 3D printing; For the analysis several aspects were determined such as the feasibility of extrusion of the composite material, the nozzle diameters of the extruder and 3D printer, the feasibility and processing of the raw material such as shredded recycled PET and later pelletized, in addition to the fiberglass in different configurations and redesign and implementation of the extruder machine. Using these considerations, the results of the diameter of the filaments obtained in each configuration and volumetric composition were analyzed, and the best option was determined by means of a T-student statistical analysis; with the result obtained from the analysis, the mechanical properties of the material were determined. The results of this research showed that the optimal configuration with filament for 3D printing is 90 percent recycled PET plus 10 percent glass fiber powder, and this is the most feasible for the extrusion of the filament since it fits the diameter of the nozzle of the 3D printer; at the same time, the mechanical properties of this new material were determined.Item Evaluación de costos de mecanizado por arranque de viruta para aceros inoxidables ASTM a743 grado CA6-NM y soldadura ER312 y ER410 para el CIRT-CELEC EP(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Salazar Freire, Mayra Isamar; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThe research project focuses on the analysis of milling and turning costs in hydraulic turbine impellers. This is important because the machining parameters were evaluated and how they affected the useful life of the inserts used for roughing stainless steel ASTM A743 grade CA6-NM, base material, and ER 312 and ER 410 welding. For this purpose, the machining costs were experimentally compared with different cutting tools to establish variables and their relationship with the final machining cost. The present study had a qualitative and quantitative approach in which variables, which intervened in the machining process by chip removal, were handled. The parameters used for each of the cutting tools were the following based on those recommended by the manufacturer of each one as shown below: TD1 Vc=225 (m/min), TD2 gives 270 (m/min), TD3 gives 100 m/min and TD4 = 250 m/min, for the turning process. Giving from this group the Taylor slope 0.79, while the data offered by stainless steel A743 with ER 410 welding gives n=0.8 and stainless steel A743 with ER 312 welding gives = 0.87. For the milling process, the following parameters were also considered: FD1 Vc=120 (m/min), FD2 Vc=120 (m/min), FD3 Vc=235 (m/min) and FD4 Vc=400 (m/min). On the other hand, the costs of using machinery and consumables in the order of the inserts detailed above were 16.67, 19.38, 16.12 and 10.11dollars, respectively. Finally, the hypothesis was validated, defining as optimum parameters the type of insert, cutting speed and recommended feed rate, concluding with the experimental comparison of the different inserts and fulfilling the proposed objectives.Item Tecnología del proceso de recuperación de ejes por aspersión térmica y su incidencia en la resistencia al desgaste adhesivo de revestimientos superficiales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Zambonino Hernández, Neris Leodán; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryDuring the last years, the technological advance in Ecuador is the basis for the strengthening of the national industry, with the implementation of new manufacturing techniques, but some of the main problems are the high costs of importing mechanical components for their replacement, so the objective of this research is to propose the technology of the thermal spray shaft recovery process to evaluate the adhesive wear resistance of surface coatings, as a solution to the problem. The wear resistance behavior of SAE 1018 steel with the application of RotoTec- 29011, MetaCeram-28060 and Eutalloy-10009 coatings, applied by the thermal flame spray process, was evaluated. Samples of each material were evaluated to determine the hardness with and without coatings, and then wear tests were carried out in compliance with the conditions of the parameters established in procedure "A" of ASTM G 83-96. From these data, values were obtained for the volume of material lost and the wear coefficient for each material. The results of the tests indicate that the wear value is lower for the Eutalloy-10009 coating, while the RotoTec-29011 coating shows higher wear. In addition, a technical guide was established for the dimensional recovery of worn shafts by means of the thermal flame spraying process with Eutalloy-10009 surface coating, as well as a review of the technical specifications and parameters of the CastoDyn DS 8000 equipment, the sequence of activities and the technical and economic evaluation of the process.Item Optimización del proceso de torneado del acero AISI 304 mediante el sistema de lubricación / enfriamiento con nanofluido criogénico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Chadán Llumitasig, Diego Armando; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoIn the present research work, carbon dioxide was used for cooling and the MQL system with biodegradable oil Unist Coolube 221 O EP, with nanoparticles of titanium oxide as an additive for spray lubrication of the models used with the help of the software, where the experiment with two fittings of, The experiment with two fittings of 30 degrees orientation and cutting speed of 195 m/min, presented more favorable results in the CFD analysis as surface quality and tool life due to several factors related to the hydraulics of the system and its geometry makes this configuration of the cutting fluid to reach the tool adequately; applying CFD analysis, the minimum temperature value at which the proposed model cools the cutting tool was determined and results in - 74.15 degrees Celsius, this is a higher value than the measured value of -62 degrees Celsius with the thermocouple in the constructed system, that is because the finite element software considers ideal conditions without taking into account the losses that occur in the system, these were validated with in situ experimentation, which yielded similar values in the shape of the cryogenic fluid beam, validating the proposed designs, which helped in the optimization proposal, verifying with the laboratory analysis, where the useful life of the cutting tool in the experiment would reach the wear criterion at 140 minutes of machining which is the most appropriate.Item Desarrollo de un sistema híbrido “Plug and Play” de lubricación pulverizada con nanofluido y fluido criogénico para mejorar los procesos de mecanizado por arranque de viruta torneado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-07) Arias Soto, Diego Rafael; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThe present research work focuses on the development of a hybrid system, which increased the surface quality of the machined material; CO2 was used for the cryogenic fluid and the MQL system with biodegradable oil Unist Coolube 2210 EP with TiO2 nano particles as additive for the spray lubrication. The system was evaluated using an experimental methodology applying a design of experiments of 8 runs where it was proposed to run the experiments with cutting speeds of 235 and 195 m/min and feeds of 0.1 and 0.2 mm/rev using a cutting tool, a sintered carbide insert CNMG120408 in a material applicable in the Ecuadorian industry such as API L80 steel pipes with an outer diameter of 3.5 inches. For the measurement of the surface finish, a measuring instrument, the Mitutoyo SJ-210 roughness meter, was used, while for the measurement of the cutting tool flank wear, the VB life criterion equal to 300 micrometers in zone B of the insert established by the ISO3685 standard was evaluated with the help of SEM scanning microscopy. The results obtained were favorable since an increase in the cutting tool life of up to 40 percent was obtained, while in the surface finish minimum Ra roughness of 0.4 micrometers was achieved; therefore, it was possible to establish that the proposed system is efficient in this machining process.Item Tecnología de manufactura de carrocerías de vehículos tipo GO-KARTS con el uso de material compuesto de matriz epoxi con fibra biodegradable yute(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Naranjo Santiana, Ronny Jairo; Lara Núñez, Mario AlcidesThe main objective of this research project is to characterize a new material by combining natural jute fiber with epoxy resin to new material by combining natural jute fiber with epoxy resin for the manufacture and fabrication of the fairing and manufacture of the components of the fairings that make up the bodywork of the competition go kart competition go kart vehicle. From the characterization and analysis of the tests, it was determined that the material biocomposite material of 70 porcentage epoxy matrix and reinforced with 30 porcentage jute fiber had the best tensile behavior under the standard (ASTM D3039- 2017) allowed us to carry out a procedure for the application of the material in the manufacture of the fairings of the go kart bodywork and by means of the impact simulation in the program Ansys Ls-Dyna reseach, the mechanical behavior of the models was evaluated in different phenomena, among them frontal impact, rear lateral impact and aerodynamic analysis of the maximum stresses that do not exceed 45.73 Mpa during the analysis time of 0.15 seconds. in the same way the aerodynamic behavior presented good characteristics in the flow of the aerodynamic behavior presented good characteristics in the air current flow, reaching a maximum fluid velocity of 12.07 m/s. Subsequently, the mold models were designed using CAD/CAE programs for manufacturing and engineering and parameters were established to build the molds. engineering and manufacturing software, and parameters were established to build the molds manually and with the manually and with the vacuum molding technique for each component that makes up the body of the go kart vehicle. the body of the go kart vehicle. Finally, a technological process is implemented for the manufacture of the body components such as the front, side and rear components such as the front, side and rear fairing and the steering cover with a thickness of 2mm. whose data show that the biocomposite has good resistance and mechanical behavior. good resistance and mechanical behavior.Item Determinación del proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de fachaletas de PVC como material opcional en la construcción de viviendas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Solís Santamaria, Tannia Magally; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThis project deals with the manufacture of cladding by injection molding of PVC polymer as an alternative material for the construction industry, where the analysis and design of the cladding mold are carried out using CAD/CAM software programs. The use of CAD/CAM tools allows reducing both, production time and cost. As this process occurs through injection molding, custom products can be manufactured meeting the needs of various sectors. Through the determination to depend upon the technological process for the manufacture of cladding, tests are carried out to validate the mechanical properties of cladding through compression, impact, and flammability tests along with UV ray experiments, thickness, production, and commercial cost, which are parameters to determine the quality of the product. To simplify the manufacturing process, a technological report of this study was conducted through the description of adequate parameters for its correct production. The results were favorable as 896 cladding molds, with a thickness of 2 mm, a net weight of 25 grams, and a selling price of 3.73 U.S. dollars per square meter, were produced. Therefore, cladding commercial cost, as well as weight, are significantly lowered concerning what it would represent within the construction industry.Item Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de un aislante térmico mediante la reutilización de residuos de material compuesto de matriz de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Freire Quinga, Erika Pamela; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThe present investigation develops the technological process for the manufacture of a thermal insulator obtained from the combination of gypsum with crushed waste of a material with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for the manufacture of ceiling panels, the mechanical and thermal properties of flexure, hardness and thermal conductivity were evaluated of each volumetric configurations analyzed. From the tests, it was determined that the best mechanical and thermal behavior of the composite material was 50 percent gypsum and 50 percent GFRP with a thickness of 9.5 mm with a flexural strength of 10.93 MPa, surface hardness with a footprint of 13mm and thermal conductivity of 0.11 W / m K,, also the presence of GFRP residues reduces the weight of the ceiling by 60 percent as well as the manufacturing cost. In conclusion, composite material of gypsum with GFRP waste improved the mechanical properties compared to existing gypsum panels.