Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales

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    Realidad social de pepenadores
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2026-01-21) Quishpe Bautista, Paulina Alexandra; Chiliquinga Vejar, Lorena del Carmen
    From a theoretical perspective, this study addresses social reality as a historical, cultural, and symbolic construct that allows us to understand the lives of waste pickers. Their working conditions are analyzed, characterized by long hours, excessive workloads, low incomes, minimal job satisfaction, and high exposure to physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial risks. The lack of strong organizations, unions, and formalization processes limits access to labor rights, social security, and protection against accidents and occupational diseases. In the economic sphere, incomes are unstable, which affects household stability, increases economic dependence, and restricts access to basic services. Socially, low levels of participation, fragile support networks, and persistent processes of discrimination, stigmatization, and social exclusion are evident. In the area of health, physical, mental, and emotional health problems are identified, along with high exposure to pollution, chronic diseases, and limited access to health services and medical insurance. Finally, the reviewed previous research demonstrates that, despite their precarious situation, waste pickers play an essential role in the circular economy and environmental protection. It is concluded that it is essential to strengthen community organization, promote inclusive public policies, and guarantee labor and social rights that will improve their quality of life and reduce inequality gaps
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    Mediación en casos de violencia intrafamiliar
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Trabajo Social, 2026-01-19) Buenaño Cortés, Valeria Teresa; Vargas Villacrés, Borman Renán
    The research focused on analyzing the viability of family mediation in contexts of domestic violence, considering the perceptions of professionals in Chile and Ecuador. The study began with the recognition that domestic violence persisted as a structural phenomenon that seriously affected the physical, psychological, emotional, and social integrity of victims. It was evident that, although mediation had been internationally recognized as an alternative method of conflict resolution, its application in scenarios of domestic violence generated tensions due to power inequalities and the risks of revictimization. The theoretical framework allowed us to identify that, in different countries, family mediation had shown benefits in relational conflicts, but also limitations when coercive dynamics existed. In Chile and Ecuador, the available figures revealed a sustained increase in violence, underscoring the need to explore innovative strategies without compromising the safety of victims. For this reason, the principles, stages, and skills required to carry out mediation processes were explored in depth, as well as the types and manifestations of domestic violence. Methodologically, the study adopted a qualitative, descriptive, and interpretive approach, based on interviews with professionals from the Women's Center in Osorno, Chile, and Ecuadorian specialists. The narratives collected showed that mediation, although valuable in other family contexts, was not legally or ethically viable in situations of domestic violence, as it did not guarantee conditions of balance, safety, or autonomy for victims. Likewise, professionals agreed on the importance of strengthening institutional protection, psychosocial care, and the specialization of teams involved in these cases. Overall, the findings led to the conclusion that mediation could not be considered an applicable mechanism in contexts of domestic violence; however, the analysis provided relevant insights for understanding the dynamics of the conflict, promoting prevention policies, and strengthening professional intervention from a social work perspective