Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales
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Item El cobro del recargo Tributario en los procesos de Determinaciòn por el sujeto activo y el principio de proporcionalidad(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2023-07) Ponce Guerròn, Claudia Renata; Vayas Castro, Guillermo SantiagoABSTRACT The present titling work investigates the collection of the tax surcharge in the determination processes by the active subject focused on its study and analysis with a close correlation to the principle of proportionality, seeks to identify the type of tax surcharge correlated to the tax regime, analyze the application of the principle of proportionality to the Ecuadorian tax regime and specify the development of the determination processes by the tax administration; which in the current processes the tax administration does not exercise an adequate use of the sanctioning power creating a double surcharge to the taxpayer in the cases that are coupled to the use of a determination process, revealing that this collection reason is contrary or far from the principle of proportionality, this being one of the guiding principles of the administration and therefore must be compulsorily subject to this entity to ensure the existence and fulfillment of the rights established in Ecuadorian legislation for taxpayers. In need of obtaining a better focus on the problem established in the research topic, the application of surveys to a total of 228 taxpayers was implemented, starting as a reference sample of a population of 530 taxpayers belonging to the Chamber of Commerce of the city of Latacunga, province of Cotopaxi, framed within Zone 3, in addition, interviews with members of the legal system of this city were used, in order to obtain results that provided a truthful consolidation of criteria for the investigation.Item El debido proceso y la proporcionalidad de las penas en la conducción de vehículos en estado de embriaguez(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho Constitucional, 2021-01) Gavilanes Altamirano, Danny Israel; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoGuaranteeing respect for the rights of procedural subjects, as well as ensuring compliance with the guarantees of due process, are one of the fundamental pillars that the Ecuadorian State provides among its plurinational and multicultural principles. In turn, criminal law is the body in charge of carrying out the legal order, each time an irregularity or criminal offense occurs with the intention of protecting the legal security of society. Part of this safeguard is to enforce the different legal mechanisms, so that when a trial is used; There remains reliable and convincing evidence of having used due process, in cases where there is a need to punish a person, that it is proven that he has committed a criminal offense. The objective of the following Degree Work is to diagnose the general characteristics of due process and analyze the proportionality of the penalties in terms of their application, in cases related to the driving of vehicles in a state of intoxication, where it is sought to detect the possibility of the existence of a legal vacuum that violates human rights and, respect for the free movement of whoever commits the crime or infraction. It is a mixed investigation, directed towards the iterative or integrative, under the documentary modality, explanatory-descriptive and correlational field. The results of the investigation indicate that there is a disproportionality in the sanctions or penalties that arise from the violation of driving vehicles while intoxicated, typified in the Comprehensive Organic Penal Code (COIP), especially when compared with other criminal offenses of higher magnitude and are sanctioned by the same COIP in a non-proportional way, affirming among the conclusions the existence of a legal vacuum, with respect to these penalties that a judge sanctions, leaving aside for the legislators, the possibility of considering what is known as the abstract penalty, to measure in a coherent, suitable, necessary and weighted manner the possibility that the sanction is commensurate or proportional to the magnitude of the violation, without neglecting the damage to third parties that could be caused. Descriptors:Item La proporcionalidad de la pena y el principio de seguridad jurídica en delitos de tránsito(Universida Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2020-02) Santamaría Bustillos, Mauricio Ismael; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoThe present research project that has as its theme: “THE PROPORTIONALITY OF THE PENALTY AND THE LEGAL SECURITY PRINCIPLE IN TRAFFIC CRIMES” has as its object the study of the traffic offenses established in the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, through It is also possible to determine whether the sanctions stipulated for offending drivers maintain harmony with the constitutional principles of proportionality and legal certainty. Proportionality and legal certainty are principles that are enshrined in our current Constitution, the first established in Article 76 number 6, which states that there will be a balance between infractions and criminal penalties, while the second determined in Art. 82 of it is based on respect for the constitution and its faithful application. After the completion of this project, it could be concluded that the application of sanctions by justice administrators is executed according to the legal budgets established in the law, but it should also be noted that the same law does not take into account several factors important mainly in regard to the disproportionality of the current contraventions, since the typification of some of them when applied establishes constitutional effects. When this occurs, the disrespect for a constitutional principle is denoted, which means that the principle of legal certainty is also violated.Item Prisión preventiva y el principio de proporcionalidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Posgrado, Maestría en Derecho penal y Procesal penal, 2019-07) Serrano Abraham, Maria Eugenia; Benavides Benalcázar, Merck MilkoIn Ecuadorian legislation, as in the international treaties and agreements ratified by Ecuador, preventive detention is a precautionary measure of a personal and exceptional nature, because it restricts the right to freedom of the person. The Organic Code of Comprehensive Criminal COIP, provides for preventive detention under Article 534, establishing the requirements that must concur for it to be ordered, these being: elements of conviction that demonstrate the crime for which it is being charged, elements on intervention the defendant, they must be clear and precise, evidence to justify that the other precautionary measures are insufficient to guarantee the appearance in the trial of the defendant and that the crime is punishable by a penalty of more than one year. Likewise, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has pointed out that it is important that alternative personal measures be rationalized, since the indiscriminate application of preventive detention contributes to increasing the levels of prison overcrowding, a feature that is characteristic of Latin American countries. Precisely, the principle of proportionality established in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador is the ideal mechanism that allows the judge to impose a precautionary measure observing due process. This study addresses the importance of the effective application of this principle, so that preventive detention meets a true legal nature and does not become a prejudgment or an anticipated penalty.Item La fijación de la caución y el principio de proporcionalidad en los delitos penales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2019-05) Poveda Montesdeoca, Jessenia Carolina; Montero Solano, Juan PabloThe present investigation project that has as its theme: "THE FIXATION OF THE CAUTION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY IN CRIMINAL OFFENSES" has the purpose of investigating the fixing of the bond and its relation with the principle of proportionality in criminal offenses. Since, when there is disproportion, at the moment of fixing a bond within a criminal process where this substitute measure of deprivation of liberty can be, the processed persons could not access it. This research project analyzed the fixing of the bond in the criminal trials in the Criminal Judicial Units of the Ambato canton and determined in what way processed persons are accessing the principle of proportionality to propose a proposal for an effective solution to the disproportionality of fixing a guarantee within the same trial to different stakeholders, allowing to guarantee the principle of proportionality and effective access to substitute measures. This project was carried out with a method of bibliographical and field research, since a questionnaire with eight questions was applied to legal professionals on the subject, so that they could express their opinion based on the knowledge they have about this legal problem. . In addition, after the completion of this project, it was concluded that the creation and application of a table is necessary for criminal judges to use it, to set a bond in a technical, efficient manner and that the bond established in accordance with the crime or infraction committed by the defendant.Item El acuerdo reparatorio en las contravenciones penales y el principio de proporcionalidad(2019-01) Obregón Manzano, Lucia Gabriela; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoThe Chilean jurists Drs. María Inés Horvitz Lennon and Julián López Masle define reparatory agreements in criminal matters, stating that: "this institution consists, essentially, in an agreement between the accused and the victim, in which the former repairs in a way that is satisfactory for the second, the harmful consequences of the act that is criminally prosecuted, and that, approved by the Judge, produces, as a consequence, the extinction of the criminal action. " (HORVITZ, María and LÓPEZ, Julián: 2002, page 353), In other words, it is an economic agreement that satisfies the aggrieved party in a satisfactory manner, an agreement that must be approved by the Criminal or Contraventional Guarantees Judge and that produces the extinction of the criminal action, and the same is not prohibited by the legal norm in case of criminal contraventions as determined by Art. 641 of the Comprehensive Organic Penal Code, with its clear exceptions, considering how the criminal offenses is the lack that is commits to not comply with the order. Transgression of the law. However, the present study seeks to determine that the conciliation allows the accused to go free without having to pay a penalty or custodial sentence so that the principle of proportionality is not complied with, which is nothing more than imposing appropriate sanctions. with the typical behavior presented by offenders within the legal system of a Constitutional State of rights and justice as is Ecuador, for this reason it seeks to study this legal social problem, which are immersed in several contraventores that have reached the application of reparatory agreements, in order not to comply with the penalties imposed for each case as determined by the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code known as the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code, being contrary to the determination or application of a custodial sentence based on the proportionality of the infractions committed.Item La justicia indígena en el Ecuador y el principio de proporcionalidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-05) Masaquiza Masaquiza, Segundo Virgilio; Tite, Ramiro SegundoWhile doing investigations for this work, I realized that by using indigenous justice we violate rights and principles of the constitutions of our country. For this reason I propose to make rules of procedure in Salasaka and stop violating our own rights and principles. After the research paper, the conclusions are that indigenous justice encompasses a number of principles and rules that are applied based on custom, rites and traditions to punish those who have committed a crime within a particular indigenous territorial constituency. Such sanctions violate the principle of proportionality enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, since for all crimes apply the same sanctions; for instance, it is not taken into account the seriousness of the crime committed. Reason being for the realization of a regulation within indigenous justice, specifically in Salasaca, where the research was conducted for the realization of this paper, this in order that all crimes committed in the indigenous jurisdiction are necessarily sanctioned by observing the constitutional principles and thus preventing human rights violations and the protection of due process. Under these parameters, it can be concluded that the present research is of vital importance and significance, as it seeks to provide an alternative solution to the problem, which would be of significant importance within the national legal system to prevent the continued violation of people’s rightswho are subjected to indigenous justice in Salasaca. The graduation work: "Indigenous justice in Ecuador and the principle of proportionality", proposes the creation of a regulation in which the penalties can be established in relation to the crime committed, this in order to no longer keep breaching the principle of proportionality in Salasaca.Item Las multas como pena accesoria del delito y el principio de proporcionalidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-03) Guacho Yuquilema, Edgar Franklin; Sánchez Espín, Jorge EnriqueThe graduation work: "FINES AS PENA ACCESSORY OF CRIME AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTION" proposed that the pecuniary fines from a judgment, be regulated in a different way to which to date has been carried out, so that this so the state ensure the proper implementation of laws. After the investigative work, it is concluded that the mechanical application made by the administrator of justice by imposing financial penalties for the person whose judgment is damning, it is implemented through the legal requirements established by law, but it should be noted that the same law It does not take into consideration several factors which are vital for assertive decision imposing fines. The addition of a new methodology for determining the fines to be applied in our legislation will help forewarn not only the rights and guarantees of persons deprived of liberty but of the victims and the state which promotes better performance and application criminal regulations. By taking into consideration several key aspects in the implementation of a correct and appropriate punitive legislation, the state would guarantee due process and proper compliance with the principles and constitutional guarantees. Under these parameters, it is inevitable to state that this research is of vital importance and significance in the proper and optimal development of Ecuadorian law, as it seeks to provide an alternative solution to the problem, which is of paramount importance is incorporated into our legal system for the protection and safeguarding of the rights and guarantees of individuals.Item Los exámenes psicosomáticos y el principio de proporcionalidad en los juicios de droga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2016-03) Pico Coloma, Eugenia Jessenia; Pazmiño, KléverItem El principio de proporcionalidad en la Aplicaciónde las penas y las contravenciones muy graves en el Juzgado primero de Tránsito de la Provincia de Tungurahua.(2013) Castro Ortiz, Herlinda VerónicaEl Transito y Trasporte Terrestre, en los últimos tiempos ha tenido grandes cambios, su gran desarrollo ha hecho que sea indispensable su regulación, planificación y control en el territorio nacional, en el ámbito de sus competencias, con sujeción a las políticas emanadas del Ministerio del Sector; así como del control del tránsito en las vías de la red estatal-troncales nacionales, en coordinación con los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados. Pese al control que las diferentes entidades realizan no se puede finiquitar al 100% las infracciones que se cometen en esta materia, las mas recalcadas son las contravenciones que día a día existen en mayor o menor porcentaje, las contravenciones se aplica a situaciones de falta de respeto a las normas de tránsito ya que si bien muchos de ellos no son delitos de gravedad, suponen siempre infringir la ley o el código de convivencia pertinente. El término contravención en el ámbito del derecho se utiliza para designar a aquellos actos que van en contra de las leyes o lo legalmente establecido y que por lo tanto pueden representar un peligro tanto para quien lo lleva a cabo como también para otros, las más comunes dentro de las contravenciones son las muy graves. Las contravenciones muy graves son un tema que ha sido de gran estudio, pues su sanción no es coordinante con la infracción, lo que da mucho que decir pues no existe un correcto estudio entre la infracción y la pena, lo que permite notar que con respecto al tema de estudio existe falta de proporcionalidad, cuyo resultado violenta derechos constitucionales. Definido claramente el enfoque del proyecto, éste abarca detalladamente el análisis de las causas y la propuesta de solución presentada, según el análisis crítico y basado en el estudio realizado. Por lo tanto, considerando que este problema se puede solucionar, con el proceso respectivo de reforma, cambio, modificación a la ley su factibilidad permitirá alcanzar que no exista la falta de xvi proporcionalidad entre la norma y la sanción, con el propósito de que se optimicen la ejecución de las normas constitucionales por el bien común de la sociedad.