Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales
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Item El derecho a la educación superior y el acceso de los venezolanos a la universidad pública ecuatoriana(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2024-02) Villacis Villacres, Tatiana De Los Angeles; Espín Meléndez, María CristinaThe Right to Higher Education is included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, so each Member State has the obligation to guarantee the fulfillment of this right, so it is essential the correct application of the principle of equal opportunities so that all people, both nationals and foreigners can access this education. In addition, the importance of a correct access to a quality higher education arises since this is the one in charge of training professionals, favoring personal development, so that in this way they expand their capabilities to promote the progress of a country, such as the creation of projects that generate new jobs. The importance of the research topic lies in the fact that it is a current situation due to the large Venezuelan migration produced in the last 5 years to Ecuador in search of better living conditions, due to the situation in which their country of origin finds itself. The present work is within the research line of Public Policies, Law and Society proposed by the Technical University of Ambato, which will allow us to have a clear perspective of the Ecuadorian legal system regarding the opportunities for Venezuelan migrants to access higher education. Establishing that the State is a guarantor of rights, therefore it must protect the right of access to higher education for Venezuelan migrantsItem Principio de igualdad como garantía de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad en el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería – planta central(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Trabajo Social, 2021-05) Villagrán Caiza, Gabriela Cecibel; Poaquiza Poaquiza, Ángel PatricioEqual opportunities and non-discrimination are part of the fundamental rights of people in general, that is, without any distinction. Despite this, people with disabilities are the most exposed to all kinds of discriminatory situations, especially, when they seek to integrate into the labor market. Thus, in this research work, a review was carried out of the different aspects that allow us to know if there is a guarantee of equality and true inclusion, from the perception of the workers with disabilities of the Ministry of Agriculture. To this end, the hiring of people with disabilities was analyzed in relation to the total on the payroll of the last five years of that State Portfolio. In addition, interviews and questionnaires were applied through which it was possible to determine the perception of the guarantee of equality and inclusion that personnel with disabilities have. Among the main results obtained, it is shown that there is no adequate personnel selection process and that it is not carried out in full in compliance with the Law that supports this vulnerable group of society. On the other hand, the accessibility of the building of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock is not adequate for the personnel with disabilities who work there, much less for the external users who use the services of this State Portfolio. Another important point is the perspective of guarantee of equality that the servers and workers with disabilities have exposed in the interviews when they perceive that their aptitudes, abilities, knowledge, have not been taken into account to occupy a job or in the assignment of functions. level of education and years of experience. Some of the conclusions of this study are that the best way to comply with a true inclusion and offer job stability to this vulnerable group of people is with strict compliance with current legal regulations, the generation of an adequate work environment with an awareness of everything staff on social and labor inclusion of people with disabilities. Finally, respect for this vulnerable group could not be achieved without promoting the interaction of three actors: The State, employers, and societyItem El proceso de adopción en el matrimonio civil igualitario dentro del estado constitucional(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho Constitucional, 2020-11) Acuña Viteri, Paola Alejandra; Quiroga López, Malena KarinaEqual civil marriage has become a very controversial issue in Ecuadorian society, as it breaks the scheme of a traditional marriage, however, the rights have evolved to the present time, so that in view of the Supreme Norm all people regardless of their race, religion, sexual orientation or gender, are equal and enjoy all rights. Therefore, through the de facto union, LGBTI people felt excluded, because they considered that it was a legal figure that in a certain way established requirements that they had to fulfill in order to formalize their relationship, therefore after several years of struggle for the recognition of equal civil marriage, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, through its Advisory Opinion OC-24/17, indicated that the states parties must recognize marriage between a man and a woman and between same-sex couples, and that there is no contradiction with the constitutional text but rather a complementarity. Therefore, by recognizing the right to equal civil marriage, it is assumed that it is linked to the rights related to marriage such as that of forming a family, and it is there, where the issue of adoption arises, as one of the means by which which couples can have children; However, despite the fact that the Constitution of the Republic recognizes the types of families and gave way to equal civil marriage, adoption continues to be a privileged issue for heterosexual couples. The methodology used for the development of the research was the study and analysis of the advisory judgments issued by the Constitutional Court regarding the recognition of equal civil marriage, as a starting point of the problem that the recognition of adoption and adoption entails. On the other hand, a comparative study was carried out of the different laws of the different countries, which recognize this figure of equal civil marriage and adoption. For which, the results obtained from it, lead us to consider that the Ecuadorian state cannot reverse the recognition of the rights that LGBT people have with respect to adoption, since in no part of the legislation the principle of interest The child's superior condition is the orientation of the parents, the only thing it seeks is the integral development of the child, for which if a couple who is civilly married is of the same sex or heterosexual, they have the right to form their family in its diversity, and the state cannot prohibit that, because it would be going back in a constitutional state of rights and justice. The conclusion, which was reached with the research study, was to determine that the Ecuadorian state should allow the adoption process in same-sex couples, since the purpose of the constitutional state of rights and justice is to guarantee their equality the recognition of rights, for which by granting the figure of civil marriage to these couples, you are granting them the same rights that a heterosexual couple has.Item El ingreso a la policia Nacional y el principio de igualdad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2019-01) Cobo Moyon, Juana Elizabeth; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoThe present research work structured independently: "THE ENTRY TO THE NATIONAL POLICE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY", proposes a reform to the requirements set in the process of selection of National Police personnel candidates so that it keeps strict observance of the principle of equality proclaimed in the Constitution of Ecuador 2008. At the same time that human rights were embraced in many legislations of the world, so too the Police Institutions have had to not only adapt their regulations in accordance with human rights but also be responsible for ensuring their effective application, within these The National Police of Ecuador has found great progress in terms of inclusion and equity, it has been many years since the Institution opened women and recently several discriminatory requirements have been eliminated. Although the steps taken in the process of selecting candidates for the Police have been important, several criteria that violate the Principle of Equality are still being maintained, such as allocating most of their quotas to male staff, forgetting what is stated in the Constitution as soon as possible. Gender parity, by requiring an age limit without any objective justification, lends itself to the existence of a number of irregularities; since there is no scientific, legal and real support that abalone the criteria of inequality applied in these processes. So it is necessary a deep analysis of the parameters applied in these processes, since they cannot come from discriminatory judgments that seek to justify based on assumptions of disability that have not been proven, for this the various evaluations that will establish If the individual is or is not suitable for the position that will be entrusted to him.Item Acciones jurisdiccionales en contratación pública y el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-05) Cadena Collay, Diana Balvina; Masabanda Analuiza, Galo IvanThe present work deals with the unilateral termination of contracts, legal figure foreseen in public procurement applicable to cases of breach of contractual obligations of the contractor, considering for the effect the provisions established in the law of the subject "Organic Law of the System National Public Procurement”. From this perspective, according to these provisions, decisions on unilateral termination of contracts, issued by the contracting entity, are not susceptible to constitutional action, since it determines the existence of adequate and effective means of defense whose purpose is the protection of the rights derived Of these contractual relationships of an administrative nature. Mechanisms that in practice are ineffective in limiting to the contractor the use, enjoyment and exercise of their constitutional rights and guarantees, established both in the Constitution of the Republic and in the Organic Law of Constitutional Guarantees and Constitutional Control, these mechanisms being constituted as The most appropriate to challenge the violation or violation of rights requiring their repair. Another circumstance that calls attention in public procurement is the inclusion of so-called exorbitant clauses, which grant particular powers to the contracting entity in breach of principle of equality and proportionality as regards penalties applicable in cases of breach of contract, There is the argument that Ecuador can not even speak of adequate, convenient and timely defense mechanisms to protect the rights of individuals and in the particular case of contractors.Item Principio de igualdad y el derecho de seguridad social(2015) Pérez Moreno, Daniel Enrique; Santamaría Velasco, Juan PabloLa presente investigación tiene como tema: “EL PRINCIPIO DE IGUALDAD Y EL DERECHO DE SEGURIDAD SOCIAL”, ha sido realizada con el fin de establecer la igualdad de normas, derechos y oportunidades entre los diferentes Seguros Sociales establecidos en el Ecuador, para un desarrollo legal, educativo, social, buen vivir y Seguridad social eficiente. Conforme el trabajo realizado se pudo concluir que existe desigualdad en la Seguridad Social en el Ecuador ya que hay diferencia de derechos y oportunidades en el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), Instituto de Seguridad Social de las Fuerzas Armadas (ISSFA), con relación al Instituto de Seguridad Social de la Policía Nacional (ISSPOL). Creando inconformidad en afiliados del Instituto Ecuatoriano de seguridad Social (IESS), que exigen la creación de normas que garanticen al afiliado y a sus familias un porvenir mejor, donde la salud sea respeta con eficiencia, en que la educación de los hijos puedan ser concluidos para un desarrollo familiar y sobre todo de la nación. Nuestra nación está determinado por una norma Magna que garantiza sinnúmero de derechos establecidos, lo cual no debería existir la inconstitucionalidad y desigualdad de derechos entre los tres sistemas de Seguridad Social, al reformar el subsidio del 40% a los jubilados del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), ya que la Constitución de la República del Ecuador en su Art 371 declara sobre el financiamiento de Seguridad Social de una forma compartida, donde se incluye al Estado como financiador y principal responsable del ámbito de Seguridad Social. Además se determina con la investigación realizada que la jubilación del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) es al cumplir 360 imposiciones, 30 años; mientras que el Instituto de Seguridad Social de las Fuerzas Armadas (ISSFA) y en el Instituto de Seguridad Social de la Policía (ISSPOL), es de 240 imposiciones, 20 años, el cual es injusto por más trabajo peligroso que realicen deberían terminar a los 30 años al cumplir 360 imposiciones. También debemos acotar que los aportes no son iguales tanto para el sector privado como público, lo cual se genera desigualdad. The following investigation has for topic: “The principle of equality and the right of Social Security”, which has been investigated with the purpose to establish the equality of rules, rights, and opportunities between the different Social Security established in Ecuador; for a legal, educational, social, wealthy development and a efficient Social Security. According to the investigation, it was possible to conclude, there is no equality in the Social Security in Ecuador, because there is differences in rights and opportunities between the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security IESS, Institute of Social Security of Army Forces, and the Institute of Social Security of National Police. This creates unconformity between the beneficiaries of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security, which demand the creation of rules that guarantee them and their families an improvement, where health will be respect with efficiency, and the education of their kids can be protected, this for a family and overall for the development of the country. Our country is leaded by a Magna Rule, which guarantee an unlimited of established rights, meaning that shouldn't exist the unconstitutional and inequality of rights between these three systems of Social Security. The reforming of the 40% of the retired subside of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security is an example, because in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, in its Article 371,declares about the financing of the social Security in a shared form and includes the country as main the financier and responsible about the Social Security. Also this investigation determines that the beneficiaries of The Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security must complete 360 impositions or 30 years of service, while the Institute of Social Security of the Army Forces, and the Institute of Social Security of the National Police is only 240 or 20 years of service; this is not fair, even that they have a dangerous career they should complete the 30 years or the 360 impositions. Also we should point out that the amount of money for the contributions are not the same for the public and for the private sectors. This generates inequality.Item Los GLBTI y el principio de igualdad consagrado en la constitución de la República del Ecuador(2015) Vinueza Zurita, Magaly Jacqueline; Vayas Castro, Guillermo SantiagoLa presente investigación tiene como tema: “LOS GLBTI Y EL PRINCIPIO DE IGUALDAD CONSAGRADO EN LA CONSTITUCION DE LA REPUBLICA DEL ECUADOR.”, teniendo como dificultad principal la discriminación hacia los GLBTI, que se manifiesta por la falta de respeto a los Derechos Humanos y la poca tolerancia que se muestra en nuestra sociedad hacia este grupo de personas. Se debería mantener al margen las cuestiones personales, ya que a un ser humano no se lo debe prejuzgar y limitar el acceso al trabajo, a una entidad pública o privada, o dejarlo de tratar como tal, solo por su orientación sexual. Se debe destacar que un ser humano el cual se haya limitado su accionar diario en cualquiera que fuese el caso, deja de desarrollarse y de destacarse a nivel social, impidiéndole uno de los Principios más grandes y más importantes para todo ser humano, el Principio de Igualdad. Por lo tanto es recomendable que las personas nos sensibilicemos y comencemos a desarrollar nuestras destrezas de tolerancia, esto con el objetivo de evitar conflictos y vulneraciones de los Derechos Humanos, los cuales han llevado tantos años, y la lucha de un sin número de personas para que se los llegue a consagrar tanto en los reglamentos internos de cada país como. En el presente trabajo de investigación se da a conocer las diferentes causas por las que en nuestra sociedad se llega a manifestar la discriminación hacia los GLBTI, y con esto se vulnera el Principio de Igualdad y el Derecho que tiene cada persona de ser respetado y acogido en el entorno social. En el momento que se apliquen los Principios Constitucionales en una forma oportuna y acertada, se precautelaría de una manera eficaz los Derechos Humanos para vivir en una sociedad tolerante y respetuosa de sus leyes asi como de su ordenamiento jurídico.Item Los beneficios legales del trabajador artesanal y el principio de igualdad(2015) Moreta Chicaiza, Johana Elisa; Espín, Luis, Ab. Mg.El trabajo estructurado de manera independiente: “LOS BENEFICIOS LEGALES DEL TRABAJADOR ARTESANAL Y EL PRINCIPIO DE IGUALDAD”, mediante un análisis basado en la desigualdad de los trabajadores artesanales en cuanto a la adquisición de los beneficios de remuneraciones adicionales, desigualdad que se da por cuanto sus empleadores, los maestros artesanales, cuentan con exenciones mediante leyes que los protegen, este problema que he encontrado es muy visible por cuanto no se encuentra una satisfacción plena en los trabajadores que se dedican a esta actividad pese a que la Constitución prohíbe todo tipo de desigualdad ya sea racial, de género, por discapacidad e indudablemente laboral. Una vez determinado el problema se trazó un objetivo principal de investigación que es analizar como incide los beneficios legales del trabajador artesanal en el cumplimiento del principio de igualdad. El trabajo analiza el origen de la problemática y la situación actual de los trabajadores artesanales, se determina como el principio de igualdad debe regir para todos los seres humanos, análisis que se realiza tomando fuentes doctrinales y legales, se basó en la realidad existente entre la clase trabajadora; al momento de hablar de la problemática de los trabajadores artesanales, en su desigualdad ante los trabajadores en general nos enmarcamos en una metodología critica. El trabajo de investigación se sustenta mediante el análisis e interpretación de los resultados al aplicar las encuestas a los trabajadores artesanales, seguido de la comprobación de la hipótesis donde se verifica que los beneficios legales del trabajador artesanal si inciden en el principio de igualdad, por lo que se concluye que en nuestro país no se cumple el principio de igualdad entre los trabajadores en general y los trabajadores artesanales, pues la ley solo garantiza el pago de remuneraciones adicionales a los trabajadores en general. Buscando la manera de frenar esa desigualdad y tomando en cuenta a las conclusiones que se llegó se plantea como propuesta la reforma del Código de Trabajo en los arts. 115 y 302.