Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales
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Item Estándar de convicción de la duda razonable: análisis comparativo del acoso y abuso sexual(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2024-08) Vásconez Pilco, Dario Josué; León Trujillo, Edisson SantiagoThis research focuses on the application of the reasonable doubt standard of conviction in the Ecuadorian criminal justice system, with a specific focus on the crimes of sexual abuse and harassment. The importance of this study lies in the need to ensure the proper administration of justice, protecting the rights of defendants and victims through the correct application of the principles of presumption of innocence and in dubio pro reo. The main objective of the research is to identify and analyse how reasonable doubt is applied in the evaluation of evidence and judicial decision-making. To achieve this objective, a detailed analysis of the conceptual and doctrinal framework underpinning reasonable doubt was carried out, complemented by an examination of Ecuadorian criminal law. The methodology used in this study was qualitative, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the human phenomena associated with sexual offences. Research techniques such as interviewing legal experts, including judges, prosecutors and lawyers, were employed, allowing for a detailed and informed insight into the application of reasonable doubt in the judicial context. In addition, a dogmatic approach was used to analyse the criminal offences of sexual harassment and sexual abuse, considering both the objective and subjective criminality of these offences. The results of the research highlight that sexual harassment is characterised by acts of a sexual nature without physical contact, but derived from a situation of subordination of the victim. In contrast, sexual abuse involves physical contact without consent. These findings underline the need for a proper interpretation of criminal law to avoid impunity and ensure fair sanctions. Relevant findings indicate that the correct application of reasonable doubt is essential for the protection of the rights of the accused, and that justice administrators must be trained in areas relevant to criminal conduct in order to properly assess evidence. The research also highlights the importance of ongoing training in the justice system to inform judicial decisions with sound legal motivation and based on comprehensive and relevant evidentiary reasoningItem El poder mediático y su influencia en la administración de justicia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2021-05) López Ureña, Bryan Steven; Acosta Morales, María GabrielaThe present research has focused on the basic principles of the criminal law, this is regarding the news cleverer the same that you set the media as the first spokespersons of the news of this has managed to last in time as a way to convey a story directly affects the people in a criminal prosecution. For this reason it has been put into question the questioning of the performance of the administrators of justice, since the way in which it transmits a news distorts in different forms and ways, and justice operators are solely responsible for ensuring the correct application of the rule on the basis of evidence, expert opinions and other elements of conviction you can muster the entity responsible for the research as it is otp. It also questions the way in which the media express themselves about a person who has committed a crime well is in his legal status of innocent, and that his rights are not violatedItem El Derecho Constitucional de no autoincriminación penal y el procedimiento abreviado del ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho Constitucional, 2021-01) Morales Cajamarca, Paola Maribel; Acosta Morales, María GabrielaThe right of non-self-incrimination is in force in our constitution approved in 2008, therefore and in compliance with the speed and simplification of the processes, the abbreviated procedure is part of the decentralization of justice, being part of the Organic Code of Penal Procedure seeks to be more efficient by reducing the steps to issue a judgment. In article 635 of the Comprehensive Organic Penal Code, the abbreviated method is revealed as an alternative to the ordinary Penal procedure, proposing from the defense of the accused or the administration of justice methods for the reduction of a possible sentence, putting in evidence anti-constitutional laws that violate people's rights. For this reason, the principle of non-self-incrimination is affected by the need to reach an agreement between the parties in a trial. This is why the detonating factor is that one of the parties involved agrees to render versions of guilt in order to reduce or negotiate a sentence.The present work tries to analyze how a right such as non-self-incrimination is violated by actors who seek a benefit, be it these parts of those who direct the judicial norm by trying to expedite processes that take time until the trial. The right to autonomy of will of the parties constitutes for a good part of the doctrine a relatively new concept and sometimes considered of little doctrinal development, since it was from the French revolution and the development of new relations that a different conception of civil relations began to be created, based on the freedom of contracting. However, this freedom has been limited by legislation in order to guarantee legal security and has been relegated by normative formalities in some areas of the law. Just as the right of will has been established at the time of establishing a contractual relationship, a set of formalities have been developed for a very long time as a requirement for executing certain legal acts, so the same legislation has designed a whole system of protection for the contracting parties, which sometimes, as in the case of intestate succession, may be considered contrary to the autonomy of will. In this paper we will analyze the act of intestate succession as a characteristic act of notarial formality, its possible contravention of the autonomy of the will, and consequently, as an element generating limitations to the right to property. In this respect, an analysis will be made of whether the institution of succession and the formalities imposed by the notarial requirements could restrict the parties' right to autonomy of will and thus affect their rights.Item El principio de proporcionalidad en la reparación integral a las víctimas de infracciones penales en la legislación ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho Constitucional, 2021-01) Medina Medina, Vanessa Estefanía; Segovia Dueñas, José LuisEcuador, being a constitutional State of rights and justice, incorporated the principle of integral reparation in criminal law, being a purpose of the penalty should be strictly enforced, so in this degree plan it will be investigated as it has been applied this principle in conjunction with that of proportionality, because it will be demonstrated that the application of both principles is necessary to achieve this purpose, as well as the responsibility of the State to guarantee the fulfillment of the rights of people who come to the criminal system, for which it is investigated by means of the doctrine and comparative law which are the suitable and efficient ways of applying integral reparation, Mexico has been the one who has managed to comply with this part of the sentence, because it is the main responsible for the victim be repaired in the event that the guilty person does not comply with the compensation ordered by the judge, in the same way ra the Mexican legal system has several ways of complying with the reparation mechanisms through joint work with other public institutions, this can be accepted by Ecuadorian legislation and really comply with what is mandated by the Constitution and the Organic Integral Criminal Code ; On the other hand, it is investigated how the principle of proportionality should be applied so that the administrators of justice avoid applying comprehensive reparation in an arbitrary manner, since the rights of the victims are currently being undermined and they are being left in a state of defenselessness by how much by information obtained it is established that in most cases the sentence ordered by the judge is not fulfilled. Therefore, once the administrators of justice know more effective ways to apply this principle (comprehensive reparation) and the way in which they can add in the sentences the different forms of compensation established in the legislation and international treaties through the proportionality test, it will be possible to guarantee a true fulfillment of sentences and therefore of justice in criminal legislationItem El principio de oportunidad y el derecho de la víctima y del procesado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho penal, 2020-10) Paredes Chiliquinga, Edwin Fabián; Acosta Morales, María GabrielaThe rights and guarantees established for the protection of the inhabitants against criminal offenses in a certain territory are established in regulatory bodies, so the rights of the victim and the accused against the application of the principle of opportunity offer us alternatives to end a process according to the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code, in this sense the scope of application of the principle of opportunity in the criminal law and criminal procedure will describe criteria on the scope and application of the aforementioned principle and that it is not limited in isolated crimes or of trifle, on the contrary that the foreseen mechanism covers more possibilities of application. The principle of opportunity in criminal matters can be used to solve infractions due to the fact of permissibility, since the Prosecutor's Office can suspend an investigation initiated or refrain from initiating one, in those crimes whose sanction has a prison term of five years, it is necessary to consider the prohibitive rules for the application of the principle such as crimes for serious violations of human rights, crimes against international humanitarian law, crimes against sexual integrity, among others, for these reasons it is necessary to carry out investigative work to establish the usefulness and regulation of the principle of opportunity and the right that the victim has and prosecuted when applying it, leaving as a concern that the procedure for application may be reformed, and consider one more margin of permissibility in the environment of its application. When applying the principle of opportunity, the right of the victim and the accused have different paths, who is more favored by the application of this principle could be the administration of justice, the victim or the accused, from different points of view, Our study will focus on the application of the principle of opportunity and the right of the victims, that is, the obligation to have the presence and will of the victim to resolve the integral reparation and the defendant to comply with the compensation for the damage caused.Item El procedimiento abreviado en el Ecuador y su aplicación en todos los delitos de acción pública(Universida Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Maestria en Derecho penal y procesal penal, 2020-03) Mera Naranjo, Andrea Belén; Segovia Dueñas, José LuisThe present investigation adjusts to the importance of the application of the abbreviated procedure in all the crimes of the public exercise of the criminal action within the Ecuadorian legislation, since its execution allows the principles of speed, procedural economy, minimum criminal intervention, concentration , among others, are used in an appropriate manner, with the purpose that the State, through the administration of justice, issue resolutions and sentences more efficiently and quickly; At the same time, the direct beneficiaries are the persons prosecuted who, by requiring this procedure, will obtain a less rigorous penalty than they could obtain in an ordinary trial, and the state benefits through the administration of justice, the victims and the society usually. In addition, the study focuses on the use of the principle of proportionality, this in order that not all crimes apply the penalty currently provided in the comprehensive criminal organic code, this is one third of the minimum for each criminal type , but, according to the seriousness of the crime committed, as well as the mitigating and aggravating circumstances of the crime, that is, in crimes considered serious and shocking, a penalty of one to two thirds of the maximum penalty provided for that criminal type and in cases where a crime considered not serious and where there are no aggravating factors but rather mitigating ones, has been committed, the penalty to be applied should be the one currently provided, thus considering not only the right of prosecution but also of the victim of the crime who will also have to be fully repaired proportionally to the crime committed. The investigation embarks on the analysis of several legislations in which the abbreviated procedure is currently used, which contributes to the effective understanding of this precept, in addition the jurisprudential dimension of the justice, the principles and sources that contribute to the Justice administration. Keywords:Item La fianza y la administración de justicia en materia penal(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2019-11) Velasteguí Gómez, Aarón Adolfo; Acosta Morales, GabrielaThe importance of the present investigative work lies in the fact that it tends to an adequate judicial tutelage and legal security, without this constituting a symbolic postulate. The administration of justice in criminal matters must therefore apply and guarantee the rights of the parties, mostly the weakest subject in a criminal process (accused or accused). The methodology applied is the qualitative one, which consists of the investigator approaching or making contact with a real subject or individual, which offers useful and pertinent information, based on experiences, values, opinions, through techniques such as interviews or documentary analysis. The human being as an individual, being the cornerstone of social development, the Line of Research corresponds to Integral Social Human Development. The proposal is that, through a reform of article 522 of the Criminal Comprehensive Organic Code, the bond should be incorporated and establishe as a precautionary measure of a personal order other than pre-trial detention, in order to avoid to the extent that it restriction of the fundamental right to personal freedom.Item El activismo jurisdiccional y el garantismo penal en la administración de justicia del Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Posgrado, Maestría en Derecho penal y Procesal penal, 2019-03) Acosta Morales, María Gabriela; Tipantasig Cando, Jaime TarquinoHe problematic of the suspicion of a jurisdictional activism of the administration of Justice in Ecuador without a protected criminal guarantee in our Constitutional State of Law; in front of an efficient enough commanded by the governing bodies of the Justice of Ecuador. An efficient jurisdictional activism is a phenomenon of a juridical and social nature, directly affects the rights of the victim and the defendant, so that the procedural subjects in criminal matters seek the symbiosis of jurisdictional activism with the criminal guarantee. The present investigation focuses specifically on the administration of criminal justice with the possibility of a non-efficiencies jurisdictional activism but a guarantee that allows citizen security without increasing the number of convictions but generating criminal policies that allow a true social rehabilitation. In this way, it is intended to identify the events that have motivated jurisdictional activism to have more efficient characteristics than guarantors; despite that the spirit of the Comprehensive Criminal Code leads to a criminal system protecting rights. Finally, a proposal of reform to the Integral Organic Penal Code is presented that allows a jurisdictional activism guarantee.Item La indicación exacta del lugar de pago de la letra de cambio y la demanda en juicio ejecutivo(2015) Reyes Méndez, Cristina Alexandra; Silva Silva, Kléver RodrigoEl presente trabajo de graduación bajo la modalidad de Tesis titulado: “LA INDICACIÒN EXACTA DEL LUGAR DE PAGO DE LA LETRA DE CAMBIO Y LA DEMANDA EN JUICIO EJECUTIVO”, para la realización del presente trabajo de investigación se planteó un análisis acerca de la falta de indicación exacta de la letra de cambio en la demanda de juicio ejecutivo, definiciones, importancia, elementos que los componen, términos procesales, antecedentes, además del análisis de las encuestas realizadas a los profesionales del derecho en la Ciudad de Pìllaro. La propuesta de esta investigación está enfocada en la reforma del Art. 410 del Código de Comercio en su numeral 5 sobre la indicación exacta de pago de la letra de cambio con el fin de garantizar la eficacia del juicio ejecutivo. El fin primordial del proceso civil con respecto a la demanda de juicio ejecutivo es el cobro de las obligaciones a la vista así como de plazo vencido, mediante el titulo ejecutivo legalmente constituido y que el mismo cumpla con todos los requisitos bien establecidos en la ley como formales, así como en la demanda, lo cual constituye un problema que tiene que ser solucionado, es necesario determinar con exactitud el lugar donde el obligado tiene que cumplir con la obligación, es por ello que se ha dado tanto conflicto en la administración de justicia, ya que la indicación del lugar puede confundirse con otros sitios que tienen los nombres homónimo, por lo tanto es necesario determinar lugar, cantón y provincia para que reúna los requisitos y no exista la nulidad del proceso. . Bajo esta consideración, puede decir que el presente Trabajo de Investigación es de importancia, ya que busca proporcionar una alternativa de solución, para los administradores de justicia civiles, así como las partes interesadas, generando en los usuarios confianza en la justicia, y ayudando a que se cumpla el principio de igualdad y no se produzca anomalías en los requisitos fundamentales de la letra de cambio y en el proceso del juicio ejecutivo.Item Los métodos alternativos de solución de conflictos con relación al mejoramiento de la administración de justicia por la vía de Jurisdicción Ordinaria en la parroquia nueva del cantón Píllaro provincia de Tungurahua en el primer semestre del año 2011(2012) Segovia Tamayo, Juan CarlosLos altos índices de desconocimiento de los Métodos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos en la Parroquia Ciudad Nueva del Cantón Píllaro, generan una saturación procesal en los diferentes juzgados del Cantón y de la Provincia, así mismo provoca una inestabilidad en la familia y por ende en la sociedad. La presente investigación se centra en identificar y analizar los diferentes problemas y conflictos que sufre la comunidad, tanto como la violencia intrafamiliar que se produce en los hogares de la parroquia, así también los controversias que se producen con los vecinos ya sea por linderos o por conflictos que se genera por la ingesta de alcohol. Los resultados obtenidos nos proporcionan información sobre el desconocimiento de los moradores sobre la mediación y el arbitraje, además mencionan que quieren capacitarse y obtener toda la información necesaria sobre el tema. El deseo de la comunidad es que puedan contar en su parroquia con un centro de mediación y arbitraje con el cual puedan solucionar sus diferencias y conflictos, y con todo esto ya no acudir en forma masiva a los juzgados. Para llegar a esto se debe adoptar medidas para que mejore la administración de Justicia, estas acciones pueden ser de carácter educativo, sicológico, económico, ágil, eficaz, para fortalecer los vínculos familiares y comunitarios, para una rapidez procesal, y mejorar la atención a los usuarios.